Robust Australopithecines

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Topic Discuss ideas regarding robust australopithecine diet. What do you think robust australopithecines ate? Why? Be specific and name three morphological correlates of their probable diet.

As we explain the diet of the Robust australopithecine, we must explain some of morphological functions that enabled them to eat what they could. We will examine the functional complex of the teeth, jaw, and cranium which all come together to serve a purpose in eating. The robust australopithecines have taken this certain adaptation to an extreme scale, having enormous, flat molars and relatively small blade-like incisors and canines. Due to the huge premolars and molars we can see that their robust form contain big grinding teeth which could be seen as the mortar and pestle analogy. Their teeth, shown by evidence seemed to have more grinding than an apes diet. The robust species seemed to have a vegetarian diet. Also concluded, robust consume tough foods due to the size of their teeth. Their tooth row is conveniently tucked under the face more than apes which gives a less protruding face and greater chewing efficiency. Finally, being consistent with evidence, robust australopithecines lived in drier habitats where fruits and leaves were more common.

Two other morphological adaptations that were essential to the diet of robust australopithecines were the jaw and cranium. The robusticity of the lower jaw reflected powerful chewing action. There are two important muscles that are essential to these powerful chewing forces as well as a cranial adaptation. First being the temporalis muscle, the muscle that powers the lower jaw (contracting or constricting) is housed by a raised bony crest that runs along the top of the cranium, which is called the sagittal crest. The more prominent the sagittal crest, the stronger the chewing forces are. In addition to the temporal muscle, a second chewing muscle called the masseter muscle, causes the cheekbones to be exaggerated and flared forward. The greater the flare the greater the chewing forces. The flare shows a wide (hence, robust) skull. All in all, the functional complex of the teeth, jaw, and cranium show the dental and facial adaptations of chewing in the robust australopithecines.

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