Satire Comparison betweeen "The Rape of the lock and Gullivers Travels

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Satire Comparison

By Zach Dees

The "Rape of the Lock" and "Gulliver's Travels" is two stories that were written long ago, both having some similarities and differences. Overall I believe that these two stories are completely different due to the fact that one is a lot more fictional than the other, and one is written in poem form. So it is somewhat difficult to find similarities. But, nevertheless I will present the differences and similarities in these two stories and I will be talking about the theme, setting and word choice.

In my opinion I did not like either of these stores. But if I had to pick to one I liked best it would be "Gulliver's Travels". It did not use the big, hard to understand, Old English words nor was it written in poem form. It was simply a fictional story about fictional feats where the lesson learned is also a lesson we can learn in today's society. It seemed that in the Rape of the Lock, Pope used very big and confusing words to describe certain emotions and situations that I did not understand. If I am going to understand the satire of a story I must know what the words mean and Pope made the satire in this story hard to understand unless I was to have a dictionary beside me. Some of the context was the same but very little of it was. Both stories were written in the 1700's and only 14 years apart. I think Pope might have been more intellectual but his imagination can't top Swifts'. Nor did Pope make satire as easy to understand as Swift.

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It is hard to find two stories like this that have the same setting. In "Gulliver's Travels" the main character is washed upon a fictional island full of people who are 6 inches tall. He eventually makes a compromise with these people, but after a while he starts getting somewhat arrogant and cocky. This may symbolize a country or maybe type of government when Swift is trying to use satire. It doesn't make much sense to me but it is imaginary and Swift still finds good ways to show satire bye poking fun at government, countries and political systems. In 171 "the rape of the Lock" was written and the only likenesses I can find in these two stories setting is the time frame the two stories were written. They are only fourteen years apart and the culture is in that time was a lot alike. One story is being told by a passionate poet who seems to have a lot of sense. The other coming from a more comical imaginary type writer. But people, culture and the way people viewed things were similar in these two stories.

What I took from the theme of "Gulliver's Travels" was there will always be someone bigger and better to come along. No matter how big or good you are there will always be someone bigger and better than you. The theme I pulled from "The Rape of the Lock" was "you don't know what you got until it is gone". I believe Pope was making fun of women and how they stress over every little detail about themselves. Vanity is defiantly in women and this story shows it comically if you can understand the choice of words Pope used. Gulliver is the biggest and most dominant person around until he ended up on a new island where he was the smallest and weakest. That's when he realized just how lucky he was to be on the island full of little people, but it is too late. Therefore, "you don't know what you got until it's gone".

The two of these stories are completely different I think. I personally liked "Gulliver's Travels" because I could understand it a lot better and it held my attention better as well. The satire is heavily used in the both of these stories. In "Gulliver's Travels" Swift was poking fun at the different types of government and how ridiculous some of them are. In "The Rape of the Lock" Pope was making fun of women, their friends, and the vanity in society at that particular time. For someone to be really interested in both of these stories they first must recognize the use of satire and its definition.

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Grassy Lakes

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Jessica Brooks

Mrs. Etheridge

Honors English 12

20 August 2002

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Grassy Lake

Most paintings today are very symbolic. Nothing is ever what it seems to be. This is true for the painting Grassy Lake by David Bates. This painting at first glance looks like two men in a canoe pushing through swampy waters, but the symbolism in the painting shows the relationships of the two men to each other and their surroundings. The symbolism is a significant factor in trying to understand the relationship of the people to each other and the people to their environment. The symbolism in this painting shows a mentor guiding a young man to success.

At first glance at the painting a person could think they were some kind of friends. This seems true because they are in a canoe with coolers. Coolers bring to mind picnics and fishing trips. After studying the painting a little longer a person can see the man in the back is an old black man and the man in the front is a young white man. This rules out any thought that they could be related. So what is their relationship?

Well in canoeing the person in the back is the guide. The person in the back also will push the canoe out a little bit before climbing in himself. In the canoe the older man is in the back and the young boy is in the front. The old man is significant and is the "guide" because he is older and has been through more than the young man has. The man in front is young and still has a lot of things ahead of him in life. This could be the reason he is in front. He is in the front of the boat looking ahead and the old man is behind him "guiding" and "pushing" him. It seems that their relationship is that the old man is the young boy's mentor.

This could be a possible explanation of the men in the painting, but why would the old man be mentoring the young man. Take a look at the environment around them. The lake is swampy and a medium green color. Green brings to mind success. The green lake is all around them. So the man could be "pushing" and "guiding" the young man to success. The swampy lake also has sticks and rocks all in it. It doesn't look easy to get through. The two men are rowing and working together to get through the water. The green water with the rocks and sticks symbolizes that trying to reach success is sometimes a struggle. The two men appear to be working together to succeed.

Overall this painting seems to represent a life struggle. The canoe represents life and the two men are trying to get through life and succeed. This painting, though, could still mean a hundred different things. The old man being a mentor is just an idea. Each person will have a different perspective. Art is in the eyes of the beholder.

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American Beauty: A Lighting Analysis

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Look closer. American Beauty is a black, startling look at the nuclear family in suburban America. Lester and Carolyn Burnham are - on the outside - a perfect husband and wife, with a perfect house, in a perfect neighbourhood. But inside, Lester is a powder keg of depression. The cinematography of Conrad L Hall acts as a vehicle for carrying the films plot and its connotations. This essay will cover colour, key lighting, light intensity and the use of lighting in plot. All four are crucial elements to the films success.

The film is cold, grey and blue. Lester's world is one of suffering, and the use of colour conveys that clearly. In the opening scene, we see Lester sprawled in bed, a cool blue filtering in from the window, showing the first light of a cold and unforgiving day. Lester's face is drawn and dull, illustrating the misery raging inside of him. As he peers outside the window, he sees his wife Carolyn gardening wearing a bland grey business outfit inside the clich d white picket fence. But from within this bland exterior, the piercing red of Carolyn's roses radiates colour. Is this beauty? Is this the shining light in Lester's life? As the film progresses, the roses are used a symbol for his fantasies. The object of his desire is seen swimming, bathing and writhing in rich, red-rose petals. Red is sexy, passionate, fiery and dominant. It is everything Lester lacks in his miserable life. But as he begins his transformation, he purchases the hot red sports car he has always wanted a symbol for his new sexual awareness and prowess. The Burnham's house is grey and blue, apart from one bright red door. Although the film itself never really takes on reddish tones, the rich contrast with the films predominantly washed out colours is a feature point in Hall's colour scheme.

Specifically, this scheme has a very important role in terms of art direction and costumes. This is particularly evident in the treatment of the Burnham's neighbours, the Fitts. Colonel Frank Fitts lives with his drab wife and his renegade son Ricky. The interior of their house is particularly plain mostly browns and greys. Ricky's room is sanitarily white, with grey Venetian blinds covering the windows. It is a dull environment, and is complemented by the interesting use of costume colours. Ricky dresses like, Angela Hayes aptly points out, "a bible salesman" being black and white outfit with a grey woollen vest. Ricky's mother has an almost peasant look about her, also dressing in black, white and grey. Her wispy grey hair accentuates her dullness. This lack of colour must therefore be matched by actress Allison Janney, who plays Mrs. Fitts, in the regard that her personality is also bleak and unexciting perhaps even not all there. The Burnham's daughter Jane is a ray of colour in a grey house her room is orange and covered with posters.

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American Beauty can be categorised as a "black" comedy. This in a sense can be taken literally it is a dark film. Issues such as homosexuality, adultery, drug dealing and murder are all pivotal parts of the film. Therefore in order to express itself properly, the film must have bleak, shadowy lighting. Conrad L Hall achieves this by his extended use of low key lighting in a grey/black tone throughout the majority of the film. Such a technique forges the functions of atmosphere, tone and mood. The dinner scenes are excellent examples of this. The room is dark and shadowy, apart from an overhead light that illuminates the table and the centrepiece of red roses. Lester and Carolyn are burdened by darkness with Jane warmly lit from the candles. This represents the division in the household, with the long table separating Lester and Carolyn indicating the distance that has grown between them. Jane is the warmth of the family, and is the only Burnham to be lit in such a way for the majority of the film. In the opening scene, we se Lester sprawled out in bed, a bright crack of cold morning light missing him completely, illustrating where his wife is not. On the journey to the basketball game, Lester is fraught with shadows and darkness. It emulates his mood "…plus I'm missing the James Bond marathon on TNT!" and "She hates me…she hates you too!".

Hard and soft lighting are interchanged throughout American Beauty, and this allows the lighting to draw attention to certain elements of the film. The main example of this variation is seen as the character of Lester develops and increases. At the start of the film, Lester is shot in very soft light and has little contrast. However, as early as the basketball game sees the degree of light on him change, until eventually, his pores, sweat and facial lines are all visible. It is a movement from a flat two-dimensional figure into a colourful three-dimensional presence. It is particularly evident when Angela complements Lester on his arms. We zoom in to see a tanned, rippling bicep with fresh sweat beads dotted up his arm. He has a hard backlight, pushing him forward from the bland kitchen colours. This is in complete difference from the pale, soft Lester from the basketball game. Here, we see his grey facial regrowth and dull, pink lips.

However, it should be recognised that all of these forms of cinematography are essentially designed to allow the story to move along smoothly. Lighting reveals significant story elements that the director and writer are attempting to get across. It effectively tells the story to our subconscious, dictating the ways a certain scene feels and how we should be responding to characters within it. My careful analysis of the cinematography in American Beauty by Conrad L Hall has brought to my attention many issues and ideas of the plot that were previously concealed. Some I have already mentioned, and there are many possibilities in terms of analysing a film so closely. The danger I found was that it was too easy to construe lighting direction into many different connotations and meanings, hence "over-analysing". I've tried to condense those that I found to be particularly obvious and the most meaningful.

I believe that the reason for the film being so successful lies within the complexities and idiosyncrasies of the characters. It is based on this, that I will look at how lighting has transmitted the story through the web of its characters, beginning with Lester.

Lester's fantasy scenes are a feature point of the film and the lighting used in them subtly advances the story. The scenes are snapshots of Lester's perfect world a world where he gets the object of his desire, where colours are vibrant, and hard light brings the characters into animation. The very first encounter with Angela is an ideal example Lester sits flat in the dark audience, until Angela catches his eye. The other dancers disappear, leaving a hard, high key spotlight over her. Lester finds himself alone an angled spotlight illuminating him from the shadowy stands. A close up shows Lester partially lit from above, his eyes and mouth prominent. It provides the first real emotion that we can visually see in Lester. This effect is used cleverly by Hall it early on distinguishes fantasy and reality by separating them into the groups of hard and soft light. The life Lester wants to live is one of hard light and three dimensions but he is stuck in a soft, bland and flat world. As I have already stated, he eventually is lit at the end with real, hard lighting. This indicates that he has fulfilled his transformational arc fantasy becomes reality. What he doesn't realise, is that the fantasy is not quite as he expected!

Carolyn is a fascinating character with many dimensions and a borderline personality disorder. She is incredibly insecure, lining herself up for devastation after hyping herself up too hard "I will sell this house today". As a result, she has a terribly unstable home life. Using the example of the inspection home, it is another mode where Hall reveals more about the characters and story through lighting. Carolyn is lit in space of confidence. Her hair glows from the backlighting, and her face is heavily lit. However, as more and more buyers walk through unsuccessfully, her confidence gradually fades until the final couple leave. When questioned about the "lagoon-like" pool, her face has completely softened, leaving only her torso hard lit. As she closes the vertical blinds on the day, the bright afternoon light contrasts with the soft interior. Carolyn breaks down, the very soft light darkening her features the deterioration of her confidence.

Comparing both Carolyn and Lester in terms of lighting, there is a noticeable pattern Hall is demonstrating the unhappiness in the family. As Carolyn returns home after being at the shooting range, she glows against the bright passing exterior. It is a moment of confidence and power for her. As she returns home to find Lester's sports car, we find that Lester himself is lit a little harder "I rule!" The pattern formed is that the characters are only happy in hard, shadowless light.

Ricky is the most enigmatic strand in the American Beauty web of characters, and the lighting used on him screams this. The very first time we see his face is as he films Lester and Jane from his room. He stands in darkness, lit only by the glow of the camera and the kitchen light, with the reflection burning in his eyes. When he reveals himself to Jane on the front porch, the overhead light acts as a spotlight, lighting only one half of his face. She is initially scared, by is intrigued by his mysteriousness. As she turns around, a smile creeps on to her face as does a tiny amount of light. Ricky's peculiarity is continually illustrated by the darkness surrounding him until the end when he makes the decision to leave his family. In Jane's room, he is lit by a hard side light and forcefully tells Angela how "ordinary" she really is. His satisfaction is also represented by an increase in hard light.

Conrad L. Hall's cinematographic work on American Beauty is profound, but is subtle enough to be masked. I believe that to be the strongpoint of his work he finds it unnecessary to deliberately highlight cinematography in film (perhaps Steven Soderbergh should take lessons). The controlled use of colour, hard and soft lighting and low key lighting adds the professionalism that this film demonstrates. Hall uses all three as vehicles for the twisted story that would lack the punch it displays without such creativity.

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Othello

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A tragic hero is a character of high build who is destroyed by his surroundings, his own action, and his fate. In William Shakespeare's great tragic play Othello is the tragic hero. His fall is caused by his own actions, as well as by the action of the characters surrounding him, who was mainly Shakespeare's most villainous character Iago. However, the fall of Othello is not because of single character but many people who made judgments and misjudgments.

As the play advances we see that Othello is not the bright in his mind. He is not observant and the evil schemes of Iago work well on him. The power in which Othello entrusted into Iago was so great that Iago was aware of how he could corrupt Othello. As the plays continues in Act III, the scene shifts to the garden of the castle. Othello returns to the castle with Iago and the catch quick look of Cassio leaving out the back entrance to see Desdemona. Under his breath, Iago quick add "Ha? I like not that." (III.iii.7). Othello asks what Iago means by such remarks. Furthermore, he asks if that really Cassio that just left from his wife. This makes Othello anger in his thoughts against Desdemona. Desdemona rushes over to Othello and immediately begins to plead for Cassio as his lieutenant. Iago continues his evil plot, he asks if Cassio knew about Othello's love for Desdemona from the beginning of their courtship. With each word Iago spoke was like a nail in Othello's coffin. The more Iago was aware of this, the more he would stretch the truth and expose the things that were not present. Othello had no choice but to believe Iago, under these circumstance Othello looked to the one man he trusted the most. Iago were taken full advantage of his trust and continues plotting to destroy Othello image.

At one point, Iago reminding Othello that Cassio is young and more handsome and is a white Venetian citizen. Othello chooses the words of Iago over his trust in his wife, and declares "my relief must be loathe her." (III.iii.6-7). In the sense Act III advances we see that Othello hide his inner disorder but Desdemona can tell he is not felling good. He simply complained that he has a headache. She pulls out an embroidered handkerchief with strawberries on it with her all love and passion and lovingly put on his head, but he pushes away and the handkerchief falls to the ground. The handkerchief is a significant asset to Othello because that was a gift from his mother. Therefore, Emilia never missed any chance to steal that handkerchief that she has an opportunity to hide from Desdemona. Emilia wonders what Iago's intentions are for the handkerchief and she gave it to Iago. He calls her "a good wench!" (III.iii.47) and she asks him for what purpose will he use it. Once alone, Iago reveals that "I will in Cassio's lodging lose this napkin and let him find it" (III.iii.56-57). Othello is distraught from Desdemona and Cassio secret love and now he is demanding to know the truth. Othello often said "Farewell the tranquil! Farewell content!" (III.iii.86) and he lashes out at Iago, demanding immediate proof of Desdemona betrayal. Iago make up the fake love story between innocent Desdemona and Cassio that made Othello more violent. He further adds that he seen Cassio with Desdemona's handkerchief "wipe his bread with."(III.iii.48). Othello became extremely violent and ready to kill his wife and Cassio. Othello cries for "O, blood, blood, blood!" (III.iii.47) and kneels before his confident Iago taking a vow of revenge. Iago also kneels and pledges his loyalty to Othello. In this jointly swearing of oaths, Iago and Othello have become partners in evil. Through this act see Othello's transformation from hero into villain.

Under these circumstances Othello looked to the one man he trusted the most. Othello had much power over a large amount of people and he was not about to be embarrassed or betrayed by his wife. This is true with people who are in a position of power, they feel that if they are disgraced in any way that it affects their reputation and may possibly not have the same power over that same group of followers. Our society is mostly based upon reputation and image, although this is weak, it is true. Act III is comparable to today's society, in my opinion, but how quickly the characters distrust each other. Othello should think from his mind the circumstances given by Iago, rather then trusting too much and causing unnecessary misunderstanding which make him to vow of revenge to kill his own beloved wife.

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Quality Management

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Total Quality Management

What is Total Quality Management? Quality is not determined or defined by the producing company. The customer determines quality. Thus quality of a product or a service is the customer's perception of the degree to which the product or service meets his or her expectations. Total Quality Management (TQM) is an approach to improving competitiveness, effectiveness, efficiency and flexibility of the organization in satisfying the customer demands. It is a process that recognizes the need to determine the customers requirements and uses that knowledge to drive the entire organization to ensure those needs are fully met. It is essentially a way of planning, organizing and understanding each and every activity that takes place in the organization, and depends on every individual at his or her own level in the organization. Thus from Senior Executives to the person just cleaning the premises has to be involved in the quest for continual improvement towards the same goals, recognizing that each person and each activity interacts and has an effect on others. Why TQM? Companies strive for Total Quality Management in an effort to · Increase customer satisfaction · Increase customer retention? TQM not only focuses on gaining a new customer but maintaining the current customers. · Reduce customer complaints · Attract new customers · Increase organizational effectiveness · Reduce costs due to less waste and rework? Quality costs and every time something is done incorrectly, money is lost. · Increase profitability · Achieve a greater market share · Maintain a competitive advantage Dr. W. Edwards Deming's Quality Chain Reaction in figure 1 provides a logical rationale for implementing a quality improvement effort. It says that if an organization improves quality, costs will decrease due to fewer errors and more efficient use of materials and time. This causes an improvement in productivity and leads to capturing the market due to higher quality and lower prices. Therefore, a company will stay in business and provide more jobs1. Figure 1. Deming's Chain Reaction provides the rationale for why an organization should start with quality. What are the specific reasons why a company should consider using TQM efforts? (1) Become more profitable The main effects of quality on profits are realized through lower costs due to efficiencies achieved, higher customer retention, greater attraction of new customers, and the potential to charge higher prices (refer to figure ). () Competitive position What makes your company different from the one down the street? Why should a client keep your company or choose your company to do business with rather than your competitor? Competitive advantage is a unique strength relative to competitors, often based on quality, time, cost, innovation, or customer intimacy. If properly done, TQM and the resulting high quality can often serve as a competitive advantage because most firms have not yet adopted TQM.1 () Employee involvement TQM requires total employee commitment to the process or it will fail. The whole idea is to permit the people who actually carry out the activities to continuously improve them. They are, after all, the ones who know them the best. They have a vital role to play and firm management must keep them involved. It is a complete change to the way business has been carried on in the past. Figure . HOW QUALITY LEADS TO PROFITS how do you Implement TQM? By applying following eight Quality Management Principles, organizations will produce benefits for customers, owners, people, suppliers and society at large. Principle 1 - Customer-Focused Organization Importance of Customer Satisfaction Indirectly the company does not pay your wages, but the consumers do. Without their orders, no money would come into the company. Thus nobody would get paid at the end of the month. The customer is the most important person to the company. Customer satisfaction is the result of the number of positive and negative factors that are experienced by the customer. Organizations depend on their customers and therefore should understand current and future customer needs, meet customer requirements, and strive to exceed customer expectations. Customer satisfaction is the result of the number of positive and negative factors that are experienced by the customer. The more satisfier factors present, the higher customer satisfaction. Eliminating dissatisfiers alone (by improving processes) will not result in increased satisfaction level. It will only result in fewer dissatisfiers. A delighter factor is very positive to the customer when experienced; things must happen that the customer considers extraordinary and is possible only if the customer is satisfied to begin with1. For continued survival, the attention and commitment of very few dissatisfiers and more satisfiers and delighters than the competitors are necessary for achieving business success. By measuring customer satisfaction and making customer needs visible, targets can be linked to customer expectations and the performance of the organization optimised. Principle ? Leadership Leaders establish unity of purpose and direction of organization. They should create and maintain the internal environment in which people can become fully involved in achieving the organizations objectives. Changing behaviours is probably the most critical area in the process of change. People do not necessarily resist change - they resist being changed. It is important to give people time to understand the true needs and the process of change. Leaders promote open communication and clear vision of the organizations future. The stronger culture/values towards the market place, the less need for policy, instructions, organizational charts, etc. Leaders empower and involve people to achieve the organizations objective. Principle - Involvement of People In TQM everyone is involved in the process of making the company a successful business. Everyone in the company is responsible for producing quality goods and services and reducing the cost of quality. People at all levels are the essence of an organization and their full involvement enables their abilities to be used for the organizations benefit. Fully involved people will be innovative and creative in furthering the organizations objectives. It is beneficial for the organization when people are satisfied with their job and are actively involved in their personal growth and development. Principle 4 - Process Approach A desired result is achieved more efficiently when related resources and activities are managed as a process. A process is a series of steps that when combined produce a result. Processes should be managed to meet requirements and needs of both internal and external customers. Being process-orientated eventually prevents problems from occurring. Focusing on the process means that you will put the customers needs first. That will prevent errors, reduce rework, and decrease frustration. Principle 5 - System Approach to Management Identifying, understanding, and managing a system of inter-related processes for a given objective improve the organizations effectiveness and efficiency. An effective system provides confidence in organizations capability to meet customer's requirements. Principle 6 - Continual Improvement Quality improvement is a continuous activity, aiming for even higher process effectiveness and efficiency. These activities often require new values and behaviour focusing on measuring customer satisfaction and acting on results. The Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle (Figure ), by W. Edwards Deming, is commonly used when describing continual quality improvement. PDCA Cycle Figure . Deming's PDAC Cycle Plan. As the name suggests, this is the planning step. You plan which process you will improve, examine the data to determine possible improvements, determine how you will measure the improvement, establish a target, and decide who will be involved in the improvement effort. Do. In the do step process improvement is implemented often as a trial run. Data is collected before, during, and after the improvement. Check. In this step the pre-improvement data is compared to the post-improvement data. This analysis provides information about whether the root cause of the unwanted variation has been corrected. Act. The act step uses the analysis from the check step to determine the next action. If the root cause was found and corrected, the improvement would be standardized to hold the gain and the cycle would start again with another process. If the root cause was not corrected, if the original target was not reached, or if there is room for further improvement, the cycle would begin again.1 Principle 7? Fact-Based Decision Making Effective decisions and actions are based on the analysis of data and information. Management by fact is one of many management concepts to teach managers to prevent management by opinion. Facts are unknown until they are established through the collection of measurement data. Using at least one of the 8 tools of quality does this collection. These 8 tools are Flow chart, tally chart, pareto chart, cause and effect diagram, scatter diagram, histogram, run chart, and control chart. The analysis of relevant data allows informed decisions to be made and significantly reduces the risk for decisions based on opinion. Performance and data are often viewed as just numbers. However, performance can be improved by using data. Decisions and actions should be based on the analysis of data and information to improve results.1 Principle 8 - Mutually Beneficial Supplier Relationships An organization and its suppliers are independent, and a mutually beneficial relationship enhances the ability to create value. Continuous feedback on customer needs and requirements to sub-suppliers ensure continuous supply of quality products and services. Based on mutual trust and open communication, partnerships for quality are established with selected primary suppliers for jointly understanding current and future needs of the end-customers. Conclusion TQM is all about change. Change for the better and towards continual improvement, thus providing for increased profits. To implement TQM entails quite a bit of work and is not a simple task. Of utmost importance is communication and especially commitment from each and everyone to actually improve. TQM may put the customer at the centre of every activity and consider the process as customer driven, but all other factors that do not involve the customers have to be taken into consideration for the successful implementation of TQM.

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Ya mum

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Due first D&T lesson on or after Monday the 1th May.

The project has five components. Components , and 4 must be submitted in a presentation folder. Marks will be awarded for both the content and the presentation.

1) Selecting a play

You need to select one of the following plays and select one scene

Tom Sawyer Back street with the garden fence OR The graveyard (Day or night) OR The Island

Bugsy Malone A New York street 10's OR the Speakeasy Nightclub OR your own selection

The Man with the Itchy Figger Tringer A Western Saloon Bar.

Lockie Leonard, Human Torpedo A Beach OR your own selection

OR

You may select your own play - to be approved by the teacher.

) Background Research

The History of Stages paper should be about 00 - 500 words and cover Greek & Roman, Middle Ages, Elizabethan, Proscenium Theatre and Modern Stage forms. You need to include drawings or sketches of the different stage shapes and a bibliography of resources used.

) Artist Selection and Background

Once you have selected your scene, the design for the set is to be done in the style of one of the master visual artists of the 1th or 0th century, eg. Hooper, Picasso, Cezanne, Monet, Matisse, Van Gogh etc. The artist may also be a photographer eg. Weston, Cazneaux etc. It is acceptable to copy the works of these artists or to use their work as a starting point.

Once an artist has been selected you must collect a selection of photocopies or prints of his/her work and select the elements you wish to incorporate into your design. A background profile of the artist is to be included along with samples of his/her work and an explanation of how you incorporated their work into your design.

4 ) Design

Using your photocopies and ideas for the scene, you will now do working drawings of your set. The drawings will include a plan view and a front view of the set. The set must be for a proscenium stage. The set should incorporate a backdrop and side legs or flats and be constructed on a scale of 15. If you design a box set with its own 'walls' you may not need the side legs.

Keep in mind that the set must be practical for the actors to move about on and the main acting area needs to be downstage (the front).

5) Construction

As you have over three months to complete this project, excellence in construction method is expected. You will be given a sheet of foam core board to construct the model stage. You may use whatever additional materials you wish. You may need to take the empty set model home to complete the construction. You may use one figure to represent an actor in the construction if you wish.

· Do not use any valuable or irreplaceable materials or props in the construction.

· Do not have any loose pieces in the set presentation - glue them down.

Please note that this sample paper on ya mum is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on ya mum, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on ya mum will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Globalization

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"Outline the differences between economic growth and economic development. Discuss how economic development may be measured. Outline how globalisation may impact upon a nation's development. Where appropriate make reference to a relevant case study."

Although economic growth and development are similar in meaning, they have some essential differences. Economic growth refers to the increasing ability of a nation to produce more goods and services. Economic development basically implies that individuals of that nation will be better off and takes into account changes in economic and social structures that will reduce or eliminate poverty. Economic development can be measured in a number of different ways including the Human Development Index, a Gender Empowerment Measure, a Human Poverty Index and a Human Freedom Index. All of these measures were developed by the United Nations Development Program. The World Bank also has its own indicator called the World Bank Development Indicator. Globalisation can have both negative affects on a nation. It can impact on the levels of economic growth a country may experience, impact on levels of unemployment or it may impact on a country's quality of life.

Economic growth is the expansion of a country's productive capacity. This leads to a rise in total national output. Growth can occur in two different ways; the increased use of land, labour, capital and entrepreneurial resources by using better technology or management techniques and increased productivity of existing resource use through rising labour and capital productivity. While theoretically having an increasing national output means greater material welfare and a rise in living standards, it does not equate to having higher levels of well being for individuals in that nation. Economic growth can, in fact, have negative impacts on a nation including environmental degradation and the loss of traditional cultural values. It also may mean there is greater inequality between different classes in society, that is, the gap between the rich and the poor may grow. It is for these reasons that economic development measurements are also used.

Economic growth as a measure fails to account for other important social and economic factors such as the size of the black market, domestic work which is not given a financial value, the level of damage to the environment and inequalities in income distribution. Various indicators have been developed to compensate for the limitations of economic growth measurements. Rather than just measuring the economic living standards in a country, development indicators measure the welfare of individuals in that country. The main development indicator used is the Human Development Index (HDI). It was devised by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) to measure the economic achievements of a nation in combining economic growth as well as social welfare. The HDI takes into account three major factors

· Life expectancy at birth High levels of longevity are critical for a country's economic and social well being.

· Levels of educational attainment The HDI measures adult literacy and the ratio of people in primary, secondary and tertiary education.

· Gross Domestic Product per capita seen as being a measurement of the ability of people to access goods and services.

The HDI is essentially a score between 0 and 1. A score of 0 would mean no human development has taken place and a score of 1 is the maximum amount of human development. In 000, the Human Development Report places Canada as the top ranked nation with a HDI of 0.5. Australia was ranked fourth, with a HDI of 0. behind Norway and the United States. The lowest ranked nation was Sierra Leone with a HDI of 0.5. When comparing the HDI of certain countries, the GNP per capita should also be considered. A nation with a much higher-ranking HDI than GNP per capita has had a relatively high level of economic development given their level of economic growth. Examples of this are Tajikistan (+4) and Cuba (+40). In contrast, some nations may have a higher GNP per capita ranking than their HDI ranking. This indicates that there is a very high level of inequality, that is high income levels are only enjoyed by a small proportion of the population. A country with this problem is South Africa with a GNP per capita ranking 54 places higher than their HDI ranking.

The UNDP has also developed a number of other indicators. It has developed a specific Gender Development Index which compares the HDI between male and female populations, a Gender Empowerment Measure, which shows gender inequality in economic and political opportunities and a Human Poverty Index (HPI) which measures similar outcomes to the HDI, but examines the extent of disadvantage faced by people who are being deprived of human development. The HPI is adjusted for developing and developed countries.

In 11, the UNDP developed a one off indicator called the Human Freedom Index (HFI). This included such things as the right to travel in ones own country, the right to teach ideas and receive information, the right to have an ethnic language, the freedom from forced or child labour, the freedom from compulsory work permits, the freedom from censorship, the freedom for political, legal, social and economic equality for women, social and economic equality for ethnic minorities and the existence of independent trade unions. The UNDP discontinued this measurement as it was based on subjective facts and would not be a consistent measurement from year to year.

The World Bank Developed its own indicator called the World Bank Development Indicator (WBDI). This was made to supplement the Human Development Index. The WBDI mainly measures the quality of life, the success of measures to alleviate poverty, the current account balance, malnutrition, traffic congestion, tax rates, life expectancy, population size, educational standards such as literacy and infant mortality.

Another smaller economic development indicator is one developed by economists, James Tobin and William Nordhaus called the Measurement of Economic Welfare. This index takes into account real GNP per capita plus the value of a family's work. It also takes into account the balance of hours spent in leisure and work, pollution levels and the rate of environmental damage.

Globalisation can impact a nation in a variety of ways. A positive effect of globalisation for many nations is that it allows for them to achieve higher levels of economic growth. With higher levels of trade, world output will increase which inturn should mean higher levels of economic growth followed by increased standards of living. This has been particularly true for rapidly developing economies such as Thailand, Malaysia, Korea and Singapore. They have seen phenomenal growth figures throughout the nineties, although many were sent back to recession in 17 after the Asia crisis. However, nations which had been struggling with achieving sustainable growth and standards of living, may have been further negatively affected by globalisation. With countries such as Africa opening up their markets, they have been inundated with imports, but at the same time unable to sell their exports. This equates to lower levels of growth for these countries and lower standards of living.

Globalisation has also affected unemployment rates. It has created millions of jobs throughout the world. Twenty-seven million jobs worldwide are now related to exportation. Even with these jobs being created, unemployment is still a major problem for most countries. With increased competition from transnational corporations, domestic employers must remain competitive and to do this they seek improved efficiency. This may mean reducing the amount of staff they have. Also, globalisation has meant that new technologies have been developed to improve efficiency. When new technology is implemented it generally means some jobs are made redundant. Another reason domestic unemployment may rise because of globalisation is that free trade has made many sectors of the domestic market uncompetitive with the global market. An example of this is the European Union, which have subsidised their beef exports. This has meant cattle farmers in Kenya have been unable to compete and have been removed from the market.

Rates of inflation can also be affected with increased globalisation. A country with a high rate of inflation will be less competitive globally because their products will be priced higher than others, so they are less competitive. Governments around the world use monetary policy to control the rate of inflation for this reason. If a country is unable to maintain low levels of inflation then its export sector is at high risk of collapsing.

Globalisation also impacts the quality of life for nations. It seems that the poor keep getting poorer. When countries open themselves up to international competition governments must apply economic rationalist principles. They may cut government spending in essential areas such as health, welfare and education thus reducing the quality of life in this nation. Also, countries with minimal government regulation often attract large transnational companies. This could result in the exploitation of the workers and the environment in countries where quality of life may already be low.

Poland is a country, which has opened itself up to the global economy. It became a free market in 10 and since has made strong progress. Although in the very early nineties Poland experienced a sharp decline in GDP, it has since resumed steady growth. In 1 its GDP growth was 4.1%. The private sector now accounts for over 55% of the total GDP. In early 10, Poland was experiencing hyper-inflation with levels of up to 100%. In 1 the inflation rate was lowered to 7.%, which although is still high by developed world standards, is slowly dropping. Also in the early nineties, Poland had huge unemployment rates with most sectors at around 0%. This has now been lowered to 1%, which again is high by developed nations' standards but is a lot less than the rates experienced early in the decade.

Essentially, the difference between economic growth and economic development is that one is a quantitative measure (growth) and the other is a qualitative measure (development). Economic development can be measured using a variety of indicators, mostly developed by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), though another widely used indicator was developed by the World Bank. Globalisation can have many affects on nations, depending on their government policies and also on their economic status.

Please note that this sample paper on Globalization is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Globalization, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Globalization will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Cystic fibrosis - prenatal diagnosis

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Cystic Fibrosis

Identification of disease Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene on chromosome 7 which codes for the protein that controls ion transfer across cell membranes. This disease is more common in Caucasian people - About 5 percent of white people carry one defective gene responsible for cystic fibrosis, but the trait is recessive, and the disease develops only if a person has two defective genes. People with only one defective gene have no noticeable symptoms. Since this is not a sex- linked disorder, the carriers of this disease are both female & male, provided that they are heterozygous

Symptoms Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by changes in a protein that controls the transfer of chloride and sodium ions (salts) across cell membranes. Disruption of salt transfer results in abnormal gland secretions and dehydration due to increased loss of salt and water during sweating. CF affects almost all of the glands in the body that secrete fluid, resulting in a variety of symptoms. Secretions may be thick and cause blockage in the pancreas, intestines and lungs. Mucus blockage also provides places for bacteria to multiply, increasing the probability of infection. CF children show poor digestion, dehydration, coughing and vomiting. As the disease progresses, teenagers show slowed growth, delayed puberty and reduced physical endurance. Adults show more serious complications such as collapsed lung, heart failure, infertility and frequent infections that eventually lead to death.

Prenatal Diagnosis of the disease-

Cheap essay writers help on Cystic fibrosis - prenatal diagnosis essays

a) Purpose & Usefulness Improved techniques of prenatal diagnosis give parents ( Especially those who have a known family case) the opportunity to find out whether or not the fetus has CF. IF the result is positive, then this Prenatal diagnosis of CF would allow the parents time to personally make a decision regarding the termination of the pregnancy. Even if the parents refuse to terminate the pregnancy, the knowledge that their child will be suffering from Cf will be of great help It would help them to prepare and cope with the implications of the situation which they will be facing when the child is born.

b) Types of diagnosis Diagnosis can be made by chorionic villus sampling in the tenth to twelfth weeks of pregnancy. A later test (amniocentesis) is available at 16 weeks.

c) Techniques/procedures -

CVS Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) provides the ability to obtain fetal tissue from the developing trophoblast for diagnostic studies. The chorion frondosum, which contains the most mitotically active cells, is the area that is sampled. CVS can be accomplished using either a transcervical or transabdominal approach. Prior to the procedure, an ultrasound is performed to assess fetal viability, gestational age and placental position. Transcervical CVS involves passing a polyethylene catheter with a malleable obturator through the cervix to the thickest part of the placenta using ultrasound guidance. Placental trophoblast is then aspirated through the catheter into a syringe that contains tissue culture medium. In Transabdominal CVS, a needle is placed through the long axis of the placenta under ultrasound guidance. The stylet is withdrawn from the needle, a syringe containing tissue culture medium is attached to the hub of the needle and suction is applied as the needle is moved up and down through the placenta until an adequate amount of tissue is obtained.

Amniocentesis With the use of an ultrasound scanning techniques the position of the fetus and the location of the placenta are determined. The skin on the mother's abdomen is aseptically prepared and a local anesthetic is usually injected. A needle attached to a syringe is introduced into a part of the uterus where there is the least chance of perforating the placenta or scratching the fetus. Between 0 & 5 ml of amniotic fluid is aspirated.

The Tissue obtained from CVS and the amniotic fluid obtained from amniocentesis could then be used by direct DNA testing to detect the CFTR gene mutation. Direct Dna testing is carried out using the following steps-

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According to McGregor (1995) 'Crime News is Prime News'. Critically discuss the manner in which crime is reported in New Zealand. What are the potential consequences of New Zealand based media representations of crime for your understanding of crime and c

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on According to McGregor (1995) 'Crime News is Prime News'. Critically discuss the manner in which crime is reported in New Zealand. What are the potential consequences of New Zealand based media representations of crime for your understanding of crime and c. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality According to McGregor (1995) 'Crime News is Prime News'. Critically discuss the manner in which crime is reported in New Zealand. What are the potential consequences of New Zealand based media representations of crime for your understanding of crime and c paper right on time.

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"The police beat are all about people, what makes them tick, what makes them become heroes or homicidal maniacs. It has it all greed, sex, violence, comedy and tragedy" (Buchanan, E "A coaching method"). This comment from former Miami Herald police reporter, Edna Buchanan further emphasises the theory that the mass media worldwide thrives on stories which sell; Sex, violence and tragedy sell. It is the stories relating to crime, which holds all of these attributes as well as the ones mentioned by Edna Buchanan. So it is not surprising, that on a daily basis we are bombarded with crime stories. It is essential to have an understanding on the manner in which crime is reported in New Zealand, as many of us have an idealistic view on the media seeing it as an 'education eye on the country' which tells it like it is. Unfortunately this is not often the case. With every action, there are always consequences, large and small. The media and the way in which they report crime stories has many potential consequences, which affect New Zealander's understanding of crime and criminality.

Crime is represented in many ways from factual representations shown in the news and documentaries, to fictional in television dramas, films and novels. For the purpose of the essay topic I will concentrate on crime in a 'factual sense' within the New Zealand media.

In 18 'Manning' summarised our society as he sees it today in that "we live in a media sub-fused world. Media surrounds and saturates us" he goes on to say that the way in which the producers and editors within the media industry choose to report the news (or in some cases choose not to) shapes the 'receiver's' (of the reports) perceptions on reality. When it comes to 'crime', the relationship between crime and media is a complex one. While on one hand the media works to help the police in-regards to solving crimes, they also have an obligation to themselves as a 'company' which must return a profit. In this day and age, sex drugs and violence sells. IN the media industry stories are classed on a scale of their news 'worthiness'. Stories that contain sex or violence or an unusual weird twist are stories worthy of coverage. Crime is a topic news worthy in itself, however the way in which the media chooses which stories to report on is done in a manner labelled "selection and filtering". It is important to remember that the media constructs the news, they make judgments about what is and isn't of interest, thus what is and is not published. The media is value-laden as opposed to value free.

There are three major ways in which the media obtain crime stories. They make regular calls to the police, have personal contacts within the police force, and the most common and accessible if from the weekly conferences held by the police for the media. Reporters are sent along to these conferences to hear a summary of criminal activity that has taken place in the past week. The media then choose out of the crime activities shared at these conferences and choose around five to eight stories which they feel are newsworthy. It is at this first point of contact with a source that we can see how this filtering process is activated. For example there are around two thousand crimes committed in Auckland each week, however only forty to fifty crimes deemed 'appropriate', are chosen by the police officer/s to supply to the media. The media in turn then choose only a handful from this downsized amount that they feel are news worthy. This is hardly an objective presentation of crime.

Order essays on According to McGregor (1995) 'Crime News is Prime News'. Critically discuss the manner in which crime is reported in New Zealand. What are the potential consequences of New Zealand based media representations of crime for your understanding of crime and c and other topics

The media and the police hold a close relationship that is symbiotic. It is neutrally beneficial to each other. The media are able to obtain stories from a source that is cheap and accessible, while the police have access to an effective means of communicating to the public. Eg missing persons.

The primary definers of the news starts with the police who present a sample of crimes committed. The media are then the secondary definers who condense the police's selection. This is an unrepresentative sample of crime in New Zealand.

Judy Macgregor conducted a " Content analysis' study in 1 and 15 by examining the content in New Zealand's top five major news papers. For one entire month she followed each of the five news papers on a day to day basis in order to find the extent in which crime news was selected over other news categories and to discover what type of crime stories were picked for publication. Judy found that crime news represented 16.4% of all the hard news stories across all five papers. Of that 16.4% there was little or no contextual discussion, and the story was not in context just a report of the event.

IN finding out which sort of crime stories appeared more frequently, she compared the stories under the same categories used by the police. 45% of all stories were of violent offences, while property and white collar crimes had statistics of only 1.7 and 6% respectively. Compare these results to the police statistics and you would see the opposite results. Therefore crime is not represented proportionally, at least in accordance with the police statistics (which hold their own issues as it is). There are major discrepancies within the media and their approach to crime. They have an irresistible attraction to violent and sexual offences, as these make the best topics for news stories.

Crime stories are shown as it is, and the underlying issues are ignored as there is no space to discuss them, the impact of this is that crime is presented in a way that strips it of it's social political context. The readers and viewers are not given a deeper understanding of these events and inturn cannot engage any meaningful debate about them.

The media are private companies; commercial entities that run, as any other business- multi national company needs to make profit.

Crime news is cheap to gather- courts are free and is cheaper than investigating issue yourself hence is easy to gather and requires minimal effort and time.-- can draw more on competition btwn channels and publications.)

The media hold the idea of "the public needing to know what we want them to know" The idea of "news worthiness is a tangible explanations as to why crime is represented the way is it. Violence, serious crimes, unusual, status and personal crimes (involving famous eg mark ellsis partner who drunk drove and old ss actor speeding with daughter in car from Palmerston to Wellington speeding (Sunday star times).

Consequences

Acts changing eg home invasion- groups-juries influenced-moral panics eg dog panic and boy racers.

In television news, there are four prominent issues, politics, health, Maori and crime. It was found that the total sample of crime stories equates to 5.8% across these four issues. And overtime crime stories have increased significantly.

From 185 to 14, crime stories on television one rose form 18% to 41% of all news stories reported. On television three 10-14 rose 40% to 5%- A increase of over 10% in just four years.Atkinsen has fund that crime news as a percentage of programme time has doubled in seven years from 10% to 7% on channel one news.

The media define what is a political concern, of economic importance and social and cultural interest to the public.

The public rely on the media to inform us of what we have little knowledge and experience on, they are our "information brokers" if you like. We expect to be reliably and objectively informed

Bibliography

Buchanan, E (Quote) In 'Writing and Reporting News' Rich, C (00). Wadsworth Press. USA

Cohen, S (17) 'Folk Devils and Moral Panics', Paladin, London.

In 'Crime and Criminology an Introduction' pp 8. Oxford University Press Australia.

Haines, F & White, R. (16) 'Crime and Criminology an Introduction' pp 6-. Oxford University Press Australia.

Jackson, M. (17-18) 'The Maori and the Criminal justice system a new perspective. Wellington, Policy and research division, Department of Justice.

McGregor, J. 'Whats news Reclaiming journalism in New Zealand'. pp 81-. Palmerston North, Dunmore Press, 00. In 'Criminology 11 Course Reader' pp.175-180.

Surette, R. (1), 'Media, Crime and Criminal Justice- Images and realities'.

pp.7 104 Pacific Grove CA, Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.

In 'Criminology 11 'Introduction to Criminal thought' Course Reader' pp 150 16.

Please note that this sample paper on According to McGregor (1995) 'Crime News is Prime News'. Critically discuss the manner in which crime is reported in New Zealand. What are the potential consequences of New Zealand based media representations of crime for your understanding of crime and c is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on According to McGregor (1995) 'Crime News is Prime News'. Critically discuss the manner in which crime is reported in New Zealand. What are the potential consequences of New Zealand based media representations of crime for your understanding of crime and c, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on According to McGregor (1995) 'Crime News is Prime News'. Critically discuss the manner in which crime is reported in New Zealand. What are the potential consequences of New Zealand based media representations of crime for your understanding of crime and c will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Rachel Carson(book review)

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Rachel Louise Carson (107-64), was an American marine biologist, and author of widely read books on ecological themes. Carson was born in Springdale, Pennsylvania, and educated at the former Pennsylvania College for Women and Johns Hopkins University. Rachel Carson taught Zoology at the University of Maryland from 11 to 16. She was an aquatic biologist at the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries and its successor, the Fish and Wildlife Service, from 16 to 15. Rachel Carson wrote 4 books including The Sea Around Us for which she was awarded the 15 National Book Award for nonfiction.

At the end of Rachel Carsons career she wrote Silent Spring, which questioned the use of chemical pesticides and was responsible for touching world wide concern for the preservation of the environment. Silent Spring takes a hard look at the effects of the insecticides, weed killers and other common products as well as the use of sprays in agriculture. By introducing these deadly substances, we have poisoned or lakes and streams, or wild and domestic animals, and even ourselves. The book focuses on the importance of balance within the environment.

Carson examines the way dangerous chemicals have been used without sufficient research or regard for their potential harm to wildlife, water, soil, and humans The over use of DDT and other pesticides eventually poisoned an entire world of living things. In Silent Spring, Carson not only recognizes the harshness of the chemicals usage but recognizes the effect of substance use on a community. It helped people to look at the whole picture, to look into the future instead of the now. Carson helps to change this way of thinking by offering solutions to the existing problems.

The significance of Rachel Carsons book was not the scientific accuracy but instead the position it took on DDT. Why this book is so recognized has nothing to do with the actual data, it has to do with awareness and the beginning of global consciousness. Carson helped to realize that everything people do has a greater effect on something else. The arguments of human death due to the banning of DDT are serious ones, and need to be addressed. This book is merely a tool for awareness and offers solutions to specific agricultural problems.

Silent Spring remains the classic statement which founded a whole movement and should be read by everyone who is concerned about the future of our world. Carson foretells the future in this book. This is a book that can be appreciated on a Sunday or as reading requirement for an Environmental Science class. No person at all interested in the environment should miss this treasure.

Please note that this sample paper on Rachel Carson(book review) is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Rachel Carson(book review), we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Rachel Carson(book review) will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Persuasive speech to see "Better Luck Tomorrow"

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What you have just seen is a clip from "BLT Genesis", which is a documentary on the film "Better Luck Tomorrow". After viewing this clip, let me ask you something... what comes to mind when you think of Asians in movies? After reading the results from a survey I conducted, many think of martial artists, exotic women, delivery boys, computer science geeks, nail parlors, laundry mats, and broken English. Director Justin Lin's new movie, "Better Luck Tomorrow", shatters these misconceptions and is on the verge of making history.

Today, I am going to attempt to persuade you into viewing and supporting the film "Better Luck Tomorrow". I feel that I am a credible source because I recently attended a MAASU (Midwest Asian American Student Union) conference in which one of the actors, Roger Fan, came to speak to us. He showed us "BLT Genesis" and spoke about the film. The audience, including myself, attained further information through the MAASU brochure and the "Better Luck Tomorrow" website. I will speak about three aspects of the movie How BLT differs from other films, obstacles it has had to overcome, and reasons to why you should see and support the film.

BLT differs from other films in many ways. First off, it's a predominantly all Asian American cast. Rebecca Louie, author of "Hoping for a little bit of 'Luck', found that according the 000 census, Asian Americans make up 4.% of the U.S. population, but a Screen Actors Guild study from the same year also indicated that only 1.7% of all lead roles cast went to Asian/Pacific Islanders. Now, you may have seen films that show Asians or Asian Americans starring as the main characters, but another main difference between BLT and other films is that the main characters do not play stereotypical roles. Parry Shen, another actor in BLT said, For the first time, we are not on screen for some function just because of our faces. We don't perform martial arts, we aren't struggling with our identity as Asians and we aren't the translator in a scene. There is no specific reason for being on screen besides just being regular characters that everyone can relate to." Jack Song, a Cal sophomore agrees as he says, "I'm excited about the movie because it deals with universal things that youth can relate to, but it's an Asian American film and it's really empowering. And they're not portrayed as a kung fu fighter or kimono-wearing people… it makes me feel legitimized". Another way in which BLT differs from other films is that during its premier at the Sundance Festival, it was the first ever Asian American film to be picked up for distribution. L.A. Chung, author of "Looking beyond the stereotypes of ethnicity", said, "It's hard for independent films to get distribution and promotion and even more unusual for Asian American-made films to make that cut". Another huge success that BLT accomplished while at the Sundance Festival, was the fact that it was the first film ever to be acquired by MTV films.

It may seem like a fairy tale being the official selection of film festivals, being picked up for distribution, and being acquired by MTV films, but it has been a long, hard battle and BLT has faced many obstacles. First off, Justin Lin had to find a company that would accept the film the way it was. While trying to make his film, many companies offered large sums of money under one condition that he would change the cast from all Asian Americans to all Caucasians. Roger Ebert questioned why not having a film featuring an all Asian-American cast as he wrote in an article, "For years, filmmakers have tiptoed around the sensibilities of ethnic groups, afraid to offend. Maybe the tiptoeing is the real offense. If Justin Lin had made BLT about white teenagers, no one would have batted an eye and his cast of gifted young Asian American actors would have been denied important roles". Justin Lin refused to change his film, a very noble and courageous act, took out his life savings and maxed out 10 credit cards in order to make his movie the way he envisioned it. Another huge obstacle BLT has had to overcome was criticism from audience members. It has endured a lot of disapproval and people have denounced it for moral emptiness... especially since the "immoral" roles are played by Asian-Americans. During the third and final screening at the Sundance Festival, a man seated near the rear of the theater said, "I'm really depressed from the film. Because one, it looks very good. Two, the actors are very good. You know how to make a movie. But why would you, with the talent up there, and yourself, make a film that is so empty amoral for Asian-Americans and for Americans?" Roger Ebert, who usually remains quiet during Q & A sessions, stood up and said, "What I find very offensive and condescending about your statement is, nobody would say to a bunch of white filmmakers, 'How could you do this to your people?' The film has the right to be about these people, and Asian-American characters have the right to be whoever the hell they want to be". A clip of this can be seen on "BLT Genesis"

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Now that I have told you how the film differs from other films and the obstacles it has had to overcome, let me give you reasons as to why you should see and support this film. First off, critics gave it rave reviews. Example Ebert and Roepert gave it "two big thumbs up", Claudia Puig of "USA Today" said, "The films clever plotting and intriguing characters will stay with you well after leaving the theater and James Rocchi of "Netflix.com" said, Justin Lins look at overachievers who achieve bad things is a thriller, a social satire, a character study -- and one of the years best. Second, BLT has won numerous awards like Varietys 10 Directors to Watch 00, San Diego Asian Film Festival (SDAFF) Visionary Award, UCLA Institute of American Culture Fellowship, and Jack Nicholson Distinguished Directing Award. The third reason why you should support this film is because it breaks stereotypes of Asians/Asian Americans. While explaining his vision of the film on the BLT Official website, Lin said, "I wanted to make a movie that was real and non-apologetic, one that resisted the standard stories and stereotypes typical of recent Asian American cinema. I strove to create a film space that did not define Asian Americans in opposition to "whiteness," but rather, to establish them as active participants in the ever evolving face of Americana". Leonard Wu, actor and a recent UCLA graduate sees and agrees with Lin's vision as he says, "This movie marks a pivotal moment within the entertainment industry and the media as well because although it is not the first all-Asian American cast, it is the first time that Asian Americans do it on their own terms. It breaks the rules, not following the stereotypes that have become calcified over time and consequently stigmatizing Asians as only being able to handle one or two types of genres. Indeed, BLT portrays AA as humans rather than just some Hollywood stereotype. Finally, one of the most important reasons to see and support this film is that it gives Asian/Asian Americans a slice of the American film industry pie. Lin went to a meeting with studio marketing execs as he was curious about learning how to publicize his film. Five studio reps sat around him, sifted through numerous pages and they came to a pie chart that broke down the American filmgoing audience by race. Lin studied the chart and noted the large slices marked "African American" and "Caucasian". He also noticed a little sliver marked "Latino", but nothing that said "Asians". When he asked why, the reps said, "Asian-Americans don't exist in the film marketing world. We consider them the same as a white audience." Lin was stunned and thought to himself, "We don't even have our own piece of the pie… how can we get our own piece of the pie?" If this film is successful, then it will give Asians their own slice of the U.S. film pie and give the green light to other Asian American films. In an interview with Cindy Yoon, Lin said, "For an independent film, it is really important for people to show up. Anyone who has complained about representation and cookie clutter movies needs to support movies like this because that is the only way you can communicate to studios that we want to see more films like this".

In conclusion, while BLT has an intriguing script and won numerous accolades in the independent film circuit, it is more than just a movie. It is a significant leap forward in a movement to bring equality of representation of Asians and Asian American in U.S. cinema. Supporting the film means the production of more Asian American films and if BLT is a huge success, then it'll make history and break many stereotypes of Asians/Asian Americans. I urge and encourage you all to see and support BLT when given the chance. It opened April 11th in select cities, but because of its continuing success, it is now being played nationwide starting the 5th.

Better Luck Tomorrow Official Website 7 April 00

http//www.betterlucktomorrow.com

Chung, L.A. "Looking beyond the stereotypes of ethnicity." The Mercury News

8 October 00.

"Ebert and Roeper Review 'Better Luck Tomorrow'." Better Luck Tomorrow Official

Website 8 April 00 http//www.betterlucktomorrow.com/article.php?id=0

Ebert, Roger. "No Place for Political Correctness in Film." Chicago Sun-Times

18 January 00

Kehr, Dave. "With a Dash of Difference." The New York Times 4 April 00

Lin, Lynda. "Movie Review 'Better Luck Tomorrow' breaks stereotypes."

Asiansinamerica.org 7 April 00 http//www.betterlucktomorrow.com/article.php?id=8

Louie, Rebecca. "Hoping for a little bit of 'Luck'." New York Daily News

8 April 00.

Uba, Tracy. "MTV Seeks Mainstreams Success for AA Film 'Better Luck Tomorrow'."

Pacific Citizen. 0 March 00.

Yeung, Bernice. "Making Their Own Luck." SF Weekly 10 April 00.

Yoon, Cindy. "Interview with Justin Lin, Director of Better Luck Tomorrow."

AsiaSource.com 8 April 00 http//www.betterlucktomorrow.com/article.php?id=40

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Being truly happy has a lot to do with a person's view of self worth. Those with a high view of self worth do not let outside people or influences alter their behavior or their opinions of themselves. Those with a low view of self worth find themselves often in precarious situations because they let themselves be influenced into becoming what others want them to be. In the story "Big Blonde" by Dorothy Parker, conformity and melancholy are the driving forces that influence Hazel's behavior and ultimately lead to the collapse of her character.

Conformity is the biggest factor leading to the breakdown of character at the story's conclusion. At the dress establishment where she works, men gravitate toward Hazel and often ask her to go out with them. Many a night is spent with the men that she meets, and from these nights come the beginnings of her conformist behavior. "Popularity seemed to her to be worth all the work that had to be put into its achievement." She repeatedly states, "Men liked a good sport." In other words, she acts in a way as to make the men that she goes out with like her. She becomes the good sport through her sense of humor and her laughter. This is how she meets Herbie, her husband. He is instantly attracted to her because of these qualities, and they are married six weeks after they meet. Once comfortably married, Hazel begins showing other emotions. "She had not realized how tired she was. It was a delight, a new game, a holiday, to give up being a good sport." She finds joy in crying and in sadness. "To her who had laughed so much, crying was delicious. All sorrows became her sorrows." Herbie is not accustomed to the constant crying, and soon becomes resentful. Herbie is the first person to teach her

that it is not okay to show emotions other then happiness. The resentful feelings that Hazel's crying evoke are the beginning of the demise of their marriage. Herbie turns to drinking, and often comes home after work drunk. After awhile, Hazel the conformist starts to drink with him to try and remedy their relationship. The drinking does nothing for their relationship except destroy it. Herbie soon leaves, and Hazel becomes an alcoholic.

Hazel's overwhelming feeling of melancholy begins with Herbie when she realizes that he only wants the bubbly blonde that she portrays… not the woman that she is underneath. Hazel did not rejoice in the knowledge that she is not loved or appreciated for being herself. She dwells in it. What other people love the most about her is the thing that most fuels her sadness. She finds comfort in alcohol and soon depends on it to keep her in her high spirits. "She was never noticeably drunk and seldom nearly sober." After Herbie she has relationships with other men, all of whom like her because of the bubbly facade that she displays. Her next boyfriend, Ed, "insisted upon gaiety." He says, "I got worries of my own and plenty. Nobody wants to hear other people's troubles, sweety. What you got to do, you got to be a sport and forget it. See?" She is not allowed to be anything but the bubbly blonde. Otherwise, criticism is sure to follow. Her melancholy quickly turns into depression. Hazel's search for contentment and peace are never to be found. Her existence seems to be a fateful cycle that she cannot escape. She has tried repeatedly to escape the facade of gaiety that she loathes. People want her to be a good sport, but that is the thing that is feeding her misery. Suicide becomes Hazel's solution to

her problem. Even suicide fails her when one of the maids in the house finds her and sends for a doctor. Ironically, after finding consciousness, the maid that saves her life tells her "You cheer up, now." Immediately, she asks for a drink and begins the cycle all over again.

Hazel feels like she is trapped in a life that she has no control of. People have only superficial interests in her. She dwells in the fact that no man wants her for anything but a good time. She feels like she has no way to improve herself. All these things feed into the misery that Hazel feels, and the helpless feeling that has overcome her. She would conform to what people wanted from her, and then suffer from the melancholy that was sure to follow. It was a vicious cycle that Hazel finds no escape from. Even suicide, which is supposed to be the final ending, fails her. She finds no solace in the end of the story, and it implies that she will end up back in the cycle all over again.

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Terror

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BANKS have frozen the assets of an Australian group accused of having terrorist links, invoking emergency United Nations anti-terror sanctions for the first time in this country.

The group, International Sikh Youth Federation or ISYF, is banned in Britain and recently joined a long list of others branded terrorists by the United States, including Al-Qaeda and the Taliban.

A spokeswoman for Justice and Customs Minister Customs Minister Chris Ellison confirmed bank accounts held by the ISYF in Australia had been frozen, consistent with an international agreement signed after September 11.

The group's Australian president Karnail Singh denied any link to terrorists fighting for an independent Sikh homeland in India's northern Punjab state, which borders Pakistan and the disputed Kashmir province.

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Mr Karnail Singh said the clampdown was the result of a "misunderstanding".

"We never have anything to do with terrorism," he said. "We want to give clarification, we are very upset."

At last count the ISYF had around 500 members in branches across the country, including Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane and Adelaide.

It is understood the group held accounts at ANZ and Commonwealth Bank.

Neither contained more than $2000 but it is not known how much money flowed through them in the past. ISYF branches in Britain and elsewhere are accused of funneling money to Sikh terrorists in India.

Prime Minister John Howard singled the ISYF out in October 2001 as a terrorist organisation that may be operating Australia, along with Middle Eastern groups Hammas and Hezbollah and the Tamil Tigers.

But it was not until June 12 this year, when the ISYF's name appeared on an updated list of proscribed organisations gazetted by the Department of Foreign Affairs, that alarm bells began ringing at the banks.

Senator Ellison's spokeswoman said they contacted the Australian Federal Police after rechecking their records.

"As a result of investigations Australian authorities believe that the accounts are owned and controlled by or on behalf of the International Sikh Youth Federation, which is a gazetted entity," she said.

India claims the group's leader, Lakhbir Singh Rode, is being sheltered by Pakistan in Lahore and has demanded his extradition to face charges of arms smuggling and assassination. But Mr Singh said the Australian ISYF had no connection with Lakhbir Singh Rode or the outlawed branches in Britain and elsewhere, despite having the same name.

"It's the same name, that's the misunderstanding. They can check that out if they like," he said.

The Australian ISYF worked to combat drug abuse among young people and never sent money to terrorist groups in India, he said.

The ISYF was seeking a meeting with Foreign Minister Alexander Downer.

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