"Nuclear Deterrence has kept the world from war". Discuss

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"Nuclear Deterrence has kept the world from war". Discuss

The threat of Nuclear Weapons has certainly not gone unnoticed, with the fear ever present in the global scene. Individuals view the world significantly has been altered with the emergence of nuclear weapons. Deterrence is when "decision makers in one nation seek to prevent certain actions by potential adversaries by threatening them with military retaliation." Nuclear weapons have certainly become a means of deterring unwanted action, particularly during the Post World War II era, however they have not prevented war. During the Cold War nuclear weapons undoubtfully prohibited mass war between the two super powers, the USA and the USSR, who were ever increasing their military capacity. However it did not prelude them from fighting proxy wars, as was evident in the Vietnam War. Furthermore it has certainly not prevented war at present with both the war on terror and the conflict between Israel and Palestine. Nuclear weapons have changed the capacity of warfare, although it has not been evident in any conflicts throughout the world so far, who is to say that it won't occur in the future, because the potential is obviously there.

Nuclear deterrence has kept the world from mass war, particularly during the

Cold War were it prevented a large scale conflict between the USA and the USSR.

Essay service for your "Nuclear Deterrence has kept the world from war". Discuss paper

Nuclear deterrence in the Post World War II era was based on mutual threats as each side

threatened that if it were attacked, it would retaliate in kind with a nuclear strike. During

this period each superpower could survive a surprise attack just long enough to launch a

counter strike which would result in both sides suffering devastating destruction. "Thus

both were mutually deterred from provoking a hot war" The use of nuclear weapons was

and is seen as the last resort, because few if any political ends could be gained by it, their

primary function was to pose a threat to potential enemies. During this time however, the

world did come close to a final nuclear war, as was particularly evident with the Cuban

Missile Crisis, where the USSR bought nuclear weapons into communist Cuba. The

effects of a nuclear war would be devastating, if deterrence failed and the superpowers attacked one another "the target nations would almost certainly cease to exist as

functioning societies." Furthermore unlike previous World Wars were the casualties

numbered in their millions, after a thermonuclear war the deaths would number in their

billions. Nations far from the line of fire would likely be destroyed, and there certainly

would be no bystanders. Fortunately their was no nuclear attack during this time, and the

two superpowers were able to prevent it from occurring. Holsti believes that the most

evident requirement for effective Deterrence is the possession of efficient military

capacity to carry out the threatened retaliation, in addition the deterrence must also be

stable and credible. Finally adversaries must also "impress enemy leaders of their

intentions without provoking a preventive or preemptive strike out of fear" . Nuclear

Deterrence kept us from another world war between the USA and the USSR, as the

effects of a strike would have been so disastrous for all parties involved.

However effective deterrence did not avert the world from war, during the Cold

War and at present many smaller conflicts have and are taking place. During the Cold

War the most evident being the Vietnam War which took place from 161 to 175.

Although the basic motivation behind many of the conflicts was a form of rivalry

between the two superpowers fighting for an ideology, the Vietnam War was to an extent

a proxy war. Some may argue that the genesis of the Vietnam War was essentially a

nationalist one rather then the downward thrust of communism. It is the generally

accepted opinion that the essential motives of the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese

government attacking the South Vietnamese government were to unify the nation.

However former US president J. Kennedy was adamant that the USA would contain the

spread of communism throughout South East Asia by defending the South Vietnamese

government from communist aggression. This conflict during the Cold war, fortunately

did not contain the use of nuclear weapons however America still used chemical

defoliants and Napalm. This is a thick liquid which usually contains petrol, it was

designed to clear away the undergrowth so the USA could see who was supplying the

National Liberation Front with weapons, Unfortunately this liquid also stuck to people's

skin and burned away their flesh. The Vietnam War was a very horrific war, with 57,000

US solders killed together with many Vietnamese; however it was certainly not as

destructive as a nuclear war would have been. Nuclear deterrence did not and has not

prevented the world from war, as was evident with the Vietnam War and by the many

conflicts we see around the world today.

Nuclear Deterrence was ultimately effective in precluding mass war in the past

and the progress in disarmament was somewhat positive. However with the recent

developments, is deterrence possible in the future? In the past we have seen some

positive attempts to reduce the Worlds nuclear capacity for example the Moscow pact

and the treaty between the USA and the USSR in 17 and of course the very well

known Strategic Arms Limitation talks (START I and START II) which began in 11.

However the recent developments with America's anti-missile defense shield may bring

the threat of nuclear war back into the picture. Bush argues that "new concepts of

deterrence, have to replace… the idea of mutually assured destruction" however many

believe that it may destroy existing nuclear agreements and trigger a new nuclear arms

race. Using radar receptors and coordinating with ground based radar transmitters, the

missile defense system is suppose to find incoming threats and destroy them before they

reach the USA, although this may work in theory there is still no guarantee of its

reliability. Furthermore Bush has suggested that he will share his advanced technology

with Japan, Americas NATO allies and South Korea. This in its self causes problems

because some of Americas so called friends will want to know why they haven't been

given the technology and "can America say with certainty that the technology it gives to

one country will not end up in the hands of another. History suggests not." This

extremely dimensional issue has once again bought nuclear war back in the limelight and

although nuclear weapons deterred mass war in the past, who is to say that the future

holds the same outcome. Is our safety worth risking to find out?

When matters of defense become so great that one nation is able to cease

life on Earth, we certainly realize that foreign policy and security has been changed

forever. Although Nuclear Deterrence kept the world from mass war during the past, it

certainly did not prevent smaller more confined conflicts, not in the past nor the present.

Furthermore with the recent developments regarding the Missile Defense Shield, is the

USA starting another arms race and once again putting the world in great danger and

uncertainty, only time will tell.

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