Comparison of flora on a ridge and lawn

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esults

Table 1, the table below shows the abiotic factors for the lawn and the Ridge.

Abiotic Factor

Area

Lawn Ridge Standard Deviation

Air Temperature (°C) 0 87 .11

Aspect ( Degrees ) 48 50 1.414

Humidity ( % ) 15.5 16 0.54

Light Intensity ( % ) 0.707

Soil Moisture 10 11 0.707

Soil Temperature (°C) 4 0.707

Wind speed ( m/s) 18 16.5 1.060

Table , the table below shows the percentage cover of plants on the lawn.

LAWN

XXXX = Non- Present

SPECIES PERCENTAGE COVER (%)

1 4 5

Common Catsear Dandelion XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX

Daisy XXXX 5 5 5

Grass 10 60 60 70 80

Greater Plantain XXXX XXXX

White Clover 0 15 15 10 0

Table , the table below shows the percentage cover of plants on the Ridge.

RIDGE

XXXX = Non- Present

SPECIES PERCENTAGE COVER (%)

1 4 5

Agrimony 10 XXXX 5 5 15

Alpine Hawkweed 10 5 10 10 5

Birds Tail Trefoil 10 XXXX 5 5 5

Creeping Buttercup 5 5 5 5 5

Daisy 5 10 10 5 15

Grass 0 40 0 0 0

Hawthorn XXXX 5 XXXX XXXX XXXX

Horsetail 0 40 40 40 0

Lesser Trefoil 0 15 10 5 10

Moss 40 0 40 0 5

Other Grass 0 0 5 0 5

Red Clover 15 0 15 5 55

Ribwort Plantain 5 5 0 5 0

Wild Carrot XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX 5

The results above can be seen in a graphical form in the Appendix.

Analysis

From the results, the conclusion can be drawn that the experiments hypothesis is correct as it stated that, the flora on the ridge would be more diverse than the flora on the lawn as succession has taken place because the land has not been cultivated. This can be seen on the graphs and tables, as they show that there are more plants on the ridge, and there is more crowding of the plants as the percentage cover is over 100%, this is because many plants grow over each other. This can be seen in the diagram below.

This is more diversity on the ridge as it is not mowed as frequently as the lawn, which is mown on a weekly basis. This effects the growth of certain plants as those which grow from the top have their growth hormones cut off and so stop growing e.g. flowers as they lose there ability to grow, but the plants which grow from the base e.g. grasses and prostrate plants only have their tops cut and so continue to grow this can be seen in the diagram.

The lawn is also used for recreational purposes and so the flora will get trampled this means only the more resistant plants such as grasses will thrive, and so lowering the diversity of plants.

The results also show that on the ridge the abundance of plants is common across each section.

From the graphs, it can also be seen that there are low percentages of grasses, which grow along the floor on the ridge, as there is more competition for floor space.

On the ridge it can also be seen that there are many different types of flora growing from trees "Hawthorn" to algae" Moss"

Evaluation

Overall, the experiment went well and the hypothesis was proved correct. The results followed the pattern that was expected i.e. a larger diversity of plants on the ridge. This makes it fair to say that the results are reliable and accurate to the degree of accuracy, which was needed. There were no anomalous results and so the investigation was successful. This also shows that the procedure was correct and so can be used in further experiments.

To make sure that it was a fair test the abiotic factors were measured for the lawn and the ridge to show that these factors were almost identical and so have little effect on the results. Only one individual decided on percentage cover so that the classifications of percentage cover remained constant. Most of the plants were identified, but the results may not be completely accurate as there was difficulty naming certain plants such as the grasses.

Although the experiment was correct, repeating the experiment again would also prove beneficial and it would rule out any anomalous results if they occurred and make the results more reliable. Different quadrat sizes could be used so that a larger area could be analysed and a different method of random sampling might be used so that there is less chance of repetition and more readings could be taken.

The control of other variables was not very accurate as there were many variables that were difficult to control and all of these could have affected the experiment. They were difficult to control as weather conditions are rarely the same at two locations and cannot be altered. Although there are factors involved which could have effected the conclusions the problems were not very large and so the conclusions are correct.

If further investigations are done other, variables could be used such as the effect of different soil PHs on the flora.

Limitations of the experiment are that there is not enough time to gather many results and the plots of land used were not large enough to make the results completely random and so larger plots of land need to be used.

Appendix

The appendix is on the following pages.

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