Do You Think?

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Do You Think?. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Do You Think? paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Do You Think?, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Do You Think? paper at

Our affordable prices!

Do you think? When was the last time you really sat down and thought about something? Was it a few minutes ago or

a few months ago? Our society is so reliant on someone else thinking for them that we have become a co-dependent

culture.

Did you watch the news today? Was some guy on a killing spree? A serial killer. Did you ever wonder if they felt any

Online essay help on Do You Think?

mercy for the person as they killed them, each one of them? Or maybe they were merciless and they felt nothing. Or

maybe, just maybe, they are a figment of your imagination.

Did you wake up this morning or are you still dreaming? Or are you possibly in a computer generated and controlled

world that will keep you there until you wake up, like in the movie the Matrix?

Are people fond of you or do people hate you? Maybe as you were walking past that person this morning and you said

hi and they smiled and waved back, they were just doing it to make you go away. Or maybe they have a crush on

you. Maybe, in the middle of that movie you were watching in English class, there was a subliminal message that said

"FOOD" and so you thought you were hungry.

Is there really an afterlife or do you just die and cease to exist? A Heaven? A Hell? ANd ghosts. Are they there? Are

they what give you the shivers when you're waking up in the middle of the night, wondering if someone is lurking

around the corner? ALiens? Do they exist or are they just some media generated piece of America's collection of

dreams? If they do exist, are they of higher level of intelligence, lower, or the same? Would they be out to harm us, be

friendly, or just be like us? Would they be us? Maybe they have blue skin, twenty tentacles on their head, and purple

hair. Or maybe they look just like us and exist in some far corner of the universe. And, yes, the universe. Have you

ever thought about how far the universe goes? Does it ever end? Maybe if one went far enought they'd reach some

place of being beyond a human's comprehension? Wormholes also referred to as "black holes" ; there is a theory that

states that if someone were to be sucked into one that they would be "speghettified" meaning that they would be

stretched into an impossible length to be accomplished on earth. If they were to also be sucked through to the other

end, would they end up at another place in time, maybe 100.000 years in the future or 200,000 years in the past?

Black holes have such a strong gravitational force that they suck light away. Where does the light go?

Where do all the missing socks in the dryer go? If you could go back to being a baby in your mother's womb, would you

be able to realize what was going on and would you remember it for the rest of your life or for a short period of time?

If you went back in time to the age of two years, by the time you got to the age of 16, would you be any smarter? Or

would everything simply be remedial? Just a thought for those of you out there who haven't really sat down and had a

good thought today...

Please note that this sample paper on Do You Think? is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Do You Think?, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Do You Think? will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Women's Strength

If you order your essay from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Women's Strength. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Women's Strength paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Women's Strength, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Women's Strength paper at affordable prices with essay writing service!

The book My Antonia by Willa Cather by many critics defined it as being outwardly feministic and not conforming to gender roles, but could we really get the sense of the characters roles and relationships if they werent feminine. No, I dont think so. When the book was written Willa Cather was living in the time period when womens rights was a highly debated topic and perhaps thats the reason for the why the characters seemed too feminine or why her female characters were strong women. Although she was amongst the one of the first generation settlers in the Mid-West that didnt mean the issues did not affect her. In My Antonia, the stereotypical town-girls are considered weak- and are incapable of doing anything but take care of a family and cook whether that be their parents home or their husbands home. Jims quote supports this. He states All the young men felt the attraction of the fine, well-set-up country girls who had come to town to earn a living, and, in nearly every case, to help their fathers struggle out of debt or to make it possible for the younger children of the family to go to school. (Pg 17) This basically is saying that girls back then were hopeless and needed men to save them. In Willa Cathers case, she didnt assign gender roles to her characters. Because she didnt assign gender roles to characters certain of them stuck out like Frances Harling, Antonia Shimerda, and Lena Lenigard. What did all of these characters have in common? They were females that played both male and female roles in their every day lives. I guess there is no better way to say it than Roseanne Barrs quote, which states The thing that women have to learn is that nobody gives you power. You just take it. These women were not going to be conformed into the image of society women, they had their own mind and were going to stick to that.

The grown up daughter, Frances was a very important person in our world. She was her fathers chief clerk, and virtually managed his Black Hawk office during frequent absences. Because of her unusual business ability, he was stern and exacting with her. He paid her good salary...even Sundays she went to the office to open the mail and read the markets.(pg.7) This quote basically flat-out says Frances Harling was a very independent woman who was capable of doing anything for herself. The fact that her father would even pay her wages meant that that she was capable or probably more capable of doing the same job as a guy. With that in mind, then its safe to say that Frances is not weak or poor women that has to be married off or someone incapable of doing anything. That defies the position of women in society.

Another person just like her but not in the city environment was Antonia Shimerda. She lived in the country were she housed a dozen children. Her husband who was always off working which therefore let her the man of the house or lets say woman of the house. Because of that, she took on the responsibility of the man and had to work the fields and tend to the animals (just like when her father was gone and she was given that same job). Again, we are introduced to a female character capable of doing a mans job. She worked just as hard as a man would have for Jim states, Antonia came in and stood before me; a stalwart, brown woman, flat-chested, her curly brown hair a little grizzled...She was there, in the vigour of her personality, battered but not diminished, looking at me. (pg.14) She not only took the beatings of a man but had to deal with the harsh weathers as well. Again, (although she was amongst society people) Antonia is not considered as the ideal female of society.

Lena Lenigard went from the adventurous, heart breaking, and rebel-type hired girl to a sophisticated businesswoman. After, learning how to tailor Lena went on her own. She left Black Hawk to start her own business in Lincoln (which was another dressmaking company). Starting a business in the late 1th century was all right but not for a woman. Lena Lenigard was breaking the code of a traditional society female. She was in a big city and unmarried and working all hours. A society woman went to bed the same night every night and woke up the same time everyday. They had a daily routine, which they went by and went from their parents house straight to their husbands. There was no room for working that was the husbands job. Once more, we are introduced to females taking on the role of a man.

Write my essay on Women's Strength for me

In My Antonia by Willa Cather, the characters dont take on a gender role put worth by society therefore we get more in depth analysis of each character and where they have been through. Because of that some of the characters for example Frances Harling, Antonia Shimerda, and Lena Lenigard dont conform to the ways of the females in the society. They arent weak and for sure dont lack confidence. These women are women that are strong, have a lot of confidence and are capable of doing any mans job anytime.

Please note that this sample paper on Women's Strength is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Women's Strength, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Women's Strength will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment from essay writing service and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Savage Transformation

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Savage Transformation. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Savage Transformation paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Savage Transformation, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Savage Transformation paper at

Our affordable prices!

Savage Reformation

Living in any environment and society that keeps up with modern civilization needs to keep up with the education plan. The United States whose government was comprised mostly of whites from different regions of Europe during its early years, began to emerge as one of the leading countries in the world, especially with advantage of location in western hemisphere. It had distinct government system that wanted to promote education among all whites. In 1865, the end of civil war, which lasted for four prolonged dreaded years, brought emancipation from slavery to black population allowing black people to attend schools and gain public knowledge. It is different story with American Indians, however, people who had lived on this continent for several millenniums developing its own systems of education necessary for survival. Once white people "discovered New World" they strived to convert Indian nations to European standards of living continuing to present days.

One way American government perceived to convert or to change Indians is by acquiring rights to their children through schooling, which was located off of Indian reservations.

The word was civilization. Europe and America considered their societies civilized up to times; Indian tribes on reservations, on the other hand, were viewed as savage nations. European nations who began to populate North America and early Government of this country differed in culture and ways of living from Indians, simply considered these nations less civilized. White nation emigrating from Europe, conquering the continent, forming government of the U.S., and considering themselves as great philanthropists, sought how to civilize local population to adopt ways of white culture. The idea of civilization embodied the minds of legislators of this country who stated that "the progress of conversion was inevitable and desirable, for civilization, especially Christian civilization, which gave expression to man's noblest sentiments," according to David Wallace (Wallace 1).

Essay writing services for Savage Transformation papers

The commencement of education was initiated when the first settlers, after establishing small towns along the east coast of the colonial America, perceived and sought ways to teach local population to acquire white culture. Both cultures differed greatly in economic, social, and political structures as well as religions, but the new comers did not want to consider these facts and, rather, proceeded with conversion. European nations exerted differing approaches to and influences upon the Native Americans. For instance, the Franciscans, mainly Spanish origin, entered the south, influencing the peoples of Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and California. The policy of the Franciscans was to gather the native peoples into villages around missions. The schools, while teaching Spanish, did not emphasize the academic subjects, placing greater stress upon agriculture, carpentry, blacksmith work, masonry, spinning, and weaving( to living on this earth ). King James, who sent his settlers to the shores of North America, established Darmouth for the purpose to educate local Indians of white man's ways.

Later, after American Revolution and formation of the U.S. government, education was influenced by the great religious awakening which took place in the new nation in early 1800s. In 181, congress, at the request of President Monroe, passed an act which apportioned funds among those societies and individuals that had been prominent in the effort to "civilize" the Indians(5).

After massive removal of almost all Indian tribes from east coast, ordered and carried out by President Jackson who signed Indian Removal Act of 180, attention toward Indians cooled off especially with the Civil War and its recovery. However, with the western expansion, government began to investigate Indian issues and oppress the natives. As a result, some reservation schools emerged in early 1870 and were placed right on the reservation being under strict supervision of agent in charge

In 188 several reformers went west to explore situation in tribes, and as soon as they came back from journey, firmly proposed two conclusions first, educational reform is needed in order for Indians to assimilate into mainstream of American life; and second; firm reaction and will for government to implement the first. A new reform organization was formed called Indian Right Association which sought ways to "improve" the life of Indians and to prepare the way for their absorption into the common life of American people. Other organizations evolved as well who showed their interest in solving Indian problems and issues that arose at that time, which included education. Some advocates insisted that Indian children would attend public schools along with non-native kids aiming to "culturize" tribes quicker than through any other way.

Finally it came to conclusion that it would be better if the children would be sent to schools off of reservations, which would increase chances for social evolution among American Indians. One of the commissioners of Indian Affairs Thomas J. Morgan had come to conclusion stating, "a good school may thus bridge over for them the dreary chasm of a thousand years of tedious evolution" (Adams 1). According to the same source, "schooling, if promised to do anything, promised to prepare Indians for economic self-efficiency." One advocate even stated that it would be "cheaper to educate rather to kill and Indian" (Adams 0). It seems that Indians were the main source of white man's problems that even murdering all of them went through the mind as an option. Education was harsh decision by whites to deal with this problem, but excessive force was not inevitable to transform Indian mind. In 18 Department of Interior along with BIA (Bureau of Indian Affairs) became responsible for Indian education. School advocates were pressing an issue that American Indians can be assimilated with white culture only through enforcing education. Consideration for off-reservation seems bringing hope for the change of Indians, but it would bring segregation from the rest of the society. Advocates of off-reservation boarding schools looked at the issue differently stating "The ultimate rationale for the off-reservation school lay in its capacity to integrate students into the civilized community beyond the school's walls through the so-called outing system."

Off-reservation schools began to emerge east and west, wherever government had a chance to do so. Even though Indians wanted education for their children, but they did not want to accomplish it by of off-reservation schools. Old abandoned army forts were converted into boarding schools, children were removed-sometimes forcibly-long distances from their homes, the use of Indian languages by children was forbidden under threat of corporal punishment, students were boarded out to white families during vacation times, and native religions were suppressed. By 10 around twenty five boarding schools opened in approximately fifteen states including California, and attendance exceeded twenty thousand Indian students.

The establishment of off-reservation schools for Indian education was not the only incentive for the U.S government. Many legislators have figure out how much these schools will help economy to spring due to more consumption of goods purchased from markets of nearby towns. White teachers and other type of workers could contribute to town's economy by working in schools and enabling towns to grow financially. It seems like a small factor for the purpose of Indian education, but to strengthen economy in small towns by bringing off-reservation schools would be capable to give firm basis for the establishment.

The schools continued its strong existence up to 14 when Indians received their citizenship of the United States and following by Meriam Report that came out in 1, did the reservation schools began to convert into public schools. Off-reservation boarding schools were reduced in number and some of them were shut down due to political changes toward Indian policy. The citizenship promoted education in public schools with the rest of the children of American society. Changes came once more with the end of World War II where Indian children were encouraged to attend off-reservation schools due to rapid changes in U.S. economy promising to prepare children to be better prepared for the acceptance and assimilation into modern world.

With the off-reservation boarding schools Indian children had to go through changes that left scars in their young souls. As known, on reservation schools had many advantages over off-reservation schools. Of course on reservation schools children were in school all day long acquiring knowledge about white culture, but the problem was with religion. Indians were practicing their religious acts and rituals on their reservations wanting and longing to pass on cultural traditions including religion on to their inheritance-children. Teacher and school administration were strictly against any traditional religions and school curriculum imposed Christianity as a religion. In many instances it became forceful where children were forced to memorize verses and chapters out of Holy Scriptures. The only relief these children received was in the evening when they were allowed to return home for overnight and see their closed ones. Enrollment was mandatory at all times and only during vacations could children stay at home at all time. However, to accelerate the process of conversion, President Grant stated that removal from home and tribe was viewed as necessary for the elimination of Indian identity and, therefore, the Indian Problem (Fuchs 4).

However, by the late 180s, these schools were closed by the federal government and the education of Indians came under the control of a paternalistic government. Government wanted full control of lives of Indian children to

When off-reservation board schools first initiated for Indian young generation, many of the children were forcefully taken away from their homes, off reservations into old abandoned structures that served as warehouses or military barracks having inadequate sanitary conditions according to standards of that time. Boys and girls were not taught together and were separated physically. Up on arrival to reservation schools it was mandatory to change Indian names to something European i.e, children were assigned white names and had to use them every day. They were discouraged to use their real names among each other and in case a teacher heard the use of real names among student they would punish those giving tasks like cleaning restrooms.

Some children were lured into off reservation schools by white people who would describe the world in colored terms and stating facts of some Indian children that already had experience in off-boarding schools. Since Indians were isolated from the main world and its culture, the stories told by other children who came off reservation boarding schools would bring the excitement to other kids by sharing their first experience of seeing the world. For instance, Polingaysi Qoyawayma, from Hopi tribe, tells a story about herself, how she was attracted to off-reservation boarding school by her friend, who shared her experience on similar off-reservation school. Polingaysi's friend explained what they did in schools including that they had a children's playground where they played with the ball. However, the other activities included making traditional Indian things such making plaque. Polingaysi was so inspired that she jumped and went to her mother asking her to teach plaque-making (51).

As noted before, children on reservation were forced into schools by white administrators who ran these schools. Many children were not allowed to see their parents for days, and only on weekends they had a chance to come home. When children were brought to off-reservation schools, against their will, boys and girls were cut off their long hair, first sign indicating that they should forget their culture. Girls were affected the most since hair was their pride and beauty.

As far as parents, it was hard for them to accept the fact that their children were somewhere else, not home. Can you imagine, as a parent, government having custody of your kids? I don't think it is imaginable because today we have a lot of lawsuits where divorced parents want to have custody of their kids fighting legal battle just to hold on to that right. Indian families, however, were deprived of the right to fight government and to declare dependence of their children. I hope we can see that even Indian reservations had some sovereignty, but it was limited even with essential things like custody of children. As any other culture, Indian tribes wanted to pass on heritage to future generation, but with education policy they were stripped of any rights to teach cultural or religious values. Again, upon arrival to off-reservation schools children were assigned European names and were forbidden to practice any Indian traditions including talking in their native language. The government claim was that Indian children will be provided social welfare where they would receive new clothing, sufficient food, laundry services, and a warm place to stay and learn which obviously would be available on the reservation due to economic poverty (Fuchs 0). Of course many parents were glad that at least their children were properly nourished in schools, and therefore, would sent their pupils to reservation schools.

The separation of children from the parents, according to psychiatrist Dr. Robert Leon, would have physiological damage to young minds. He stated," The damage caused to the child by his/her separation is directly related to the child's age and the length of time that he/she is separated from the parents." He claims the damage occurs due to loneliness and feel of rejection, since most of the children who were taken from their homes were of age five to eight. For older kids it was matter of privacy, since facilities were small comparing to the number of attendees. This forced children to be crammed into one tiny room, with very limited space for personal belongings. Later, after World War II these schools became understaffed with less supervision and counseling for young teens. The lack of mentors in these schools caused more problems.

Many children were not allowed to see their parents during vacations; instead they were placed within white families. The life style of white Americans had its toil on young people. For instance, alcoholism was dominant vice in white families, which caused domestic disputes and Indian children were vulnerable to these scenes saturating and spoiling their young minds, later causing same problems among the Indian families. As a matter of fact, alcoholism dominated and thrived among many reservations due to acceptance of white ways.

The effects of reservation schools had its imprints on current generation of Indians. Caroline King's mother attended one of the off-reservation boarding schools and was placed into white family where she cleaned the house, and while she was there, a man abused her. "It brought problems into my family that weren't there before," she said. "After what happened, it became much easier for my mother to get angry. And that's something we? my sisters and brothers? dealt with the whole time we were growing up." As we can see sexual abuse was dominant toward Indian girls who live off reservations and there was nothing they could've done to protect themselves from these despicable acts.

Boarding schools continued their existence up to 174 when President reinstated the self-determination of tribes allowing parents to decide on education for their children.

Education only brought extermination, of what was once known as great race. Currently, many tribes are working to reestablish their culture and heritage, participate in Indian affairs and bring important issues that pertain to Indian culture. Many organizations are working closely with legislature to gain more sovereignty for their tribes. But past will never be wiped off from the minds of Indians leaving deep scar that will stay there forever throughout generations. It was one of the government's acts to civilize "savages," which had significant damages to these cultures; nevertheless, they survived and gradually will recover to thrive once more as the great nation in the United States.

Please note that this sample paper on Savage Transformation is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Savage Transformation, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Savage Transformation will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

The Civil War:(The Crisis of War)

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on The Civil War:(The Crisis of War). What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality The Civil War:(The Crisis of War) paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in The Civil War:(The Crisis of War), therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your The Civil War:(The Crisis of War) paper at

Our affordable prices!

Why did the Civil War occur? The Civil War was a crisis of growth. In less

than three quarters of a century, thirteen old British colonies created a nation

with a powerful economy.

Purchase your paper on The Civil War:(The Crisis of War)

The young U.S profited from their colonial past as well as the land which

procured immense amount of resources and possibilities. The history of the U.S

from 178 to 1865 showed problems of men and resources and the economic boom

will increase differences inside the different parts of the Union.

The civil war could have been avoided, because the American nation gradually

took conscience of itself, and nationalism had been resisted by the second war

of independence.

The difficulty of the American political system (federal and republican system)

will bring with itself the problem of union and liberty. The anti federalists

also known as republicans blame the government for its attachment to Europe and

criticised the reinforcement of the federal power. Another source of problem is

the economic differences; near 1860 two America appeared The North, a country

with much activities, and the South, a country of slavery plantations, attached

to the past.

These differences and divergences reflect on the political view of a nation.

However, this new country could have avoided the Civil War, because at the

beginning, pioneering spirit was very positive; it had brought down class

barriers. Another advantage of that time was to occupy lands or gain possession

of it at low prices, to access to all the jobs. Taxes were not high. The U.S had

the chance to know a great increase of their population (In 1860 the population

is 8 times greater than the one of 170). Food is easy to find, and the jobs are

abundant. The lack and the high price of the labour, partly explain the

maintenance of slavery, and made immigration necessary. On the economic point of

view, independence had made the situation better because the old colonies stayed

dependent upon Europe and mainly England, but in fact, the chances and

advantages of the Americans were considerably high virgin land with tremendous

amount of resources.

All kinds of transports developed (roads, canals,) for example the canal Eri

built up in 185 permitted to reduce 0% the price of transportation of the ton

of their merchandise between Buffalo and New York. The same year, steam boats

enabled to transport a better market at a better price. In 180, the way up of

the Mississippi, from New Orleans to Luisville, did not necessitate 4 months

anymore, but only 8 days. Also the railroads were developed and with the

telegraph, the railroads consolidated the political unity of the Union.

The development of this new country is astonishing with the republicans another

good point is achieved the decrease of the taxes, and the adoption of the

universal suffrage (everybody is allowed to vote).

When the nationalism spirit succeed against the English, literature will reflect

the American power but will not be strong enough to exceed the difficulties

between the North and the South. The differences of interests were the

following the South reproached to the North the customs tariffs, the monetary

political. The North considered the economy of the South as out of date, a dead

weight which slowed down the course of history; the incompatibility of

temperament and a common hate. The reasons of this divorce are of course as well

the problem of slavery. For the South, slavery was essential for their life

style slaves do not cost anything except the food and the surveillance. The

North considered slavery as a shameful act. The expansion to the West made worse

the conflict between the North and the South on the problem if the new States

added in the Union will become states with or without slaves starting in 1850.

The abolitionists, inspired by the Quakers made a huge propaganda which

increased the number of the abolitionists. Also, writers like Beecher-Stowes

book Uncle Toms Cabin motivated many readers. The Dread Scotts affair as

well as John Browns affair stirred up the public opinion on both sides. In 1860

Abraham Lincoln is elected president and will face opposition with the divided

nation. For the South this election is a declaration of war, he secedes and

engages the hostility.

The Civil War happened as a result of a divorce. And this divorce could have

been avoided. The South did not seem to weight a lot in front of the North

agricultural and industrial made of millions habitants. But the South had

professionals officers, and the war lasted for years with more than 100 battles

and 600 000 killed. The Southerners felt anger which divided the South from the

North for years. The Civil War brought so many ruins, but the Union was saved,

and the thirteen amendment of the Constitution abolished slavery.

Please note that this sample paper on The Civil War:(The Crisis of War) is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Civil War:(The Crisis of War), we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on The Civil War:(The Crisis of War) will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Psychology

If you order your cheap custom paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on psychology. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality psychology paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in psychology, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your psychology paper at

Our affordable prices!

Multiple personality disorder ( which the American Psychiatric Association ( APA) renamed Dissociative Identity Disorder in 14,) has always been fascinating and mysterious. In the past people with this disorder were seen as being possessed with demonic spirits and were often treated with exorcisms. When this belief began to decline the true nature of dissociative identity disorder ( also known as DID) began to unfold. With the awareness of a child abuse increasing and statistics showing 5% to 8% of more than a 1,000 patients with DID reporting a history of child abuse (Braun 10), Dissociative Identity Disorder quickly gained the publics attention.

People also began to gain interest in the disorder with the rise of feminism. When research showed that % of 100 DID cases reported were females, many feminist groups began to show their concern (Kluft, 1). The number if DID cases are increasing rapidly, it is said that DID affects approximately 0.1% of the United States population (Braun 10). However, some people remain very skeptical about this disorder, saying that it is drummed up by the media ( in movies like Three Faces and Eve) While others believe doctors created it. On many lawyer shows at times we do see cases of people with memory defects, moodiness, and unpredictable behavior (symptoms of DID, Nathan & Groman 18) commiting a crime, then convincing a lawyer that they did not do it, that the crime was committed by another personality within them. The lawyer then develops a defense of Multiple Personality Disorder. This leaves audiences in shock and wondering what the disorder really is, How does it develop? And does it really exist?

According to many researchers and the American Psychiatric Association this disorder does exist, and has its origin in dissociation. Dissociation " is a depression in the usual integrated function of the consciuusness, memory, identity and perception of the environment" (Encyclopedia of Psychology,000 pg56). According to Putnam (a leading researcher of Dissociation is said ,to be a normal process that is initially used defensively by an individual to handle a traumatic experience. This may explain why dissociation seems to occur when a traumatic situation is present (Nathan and Gorman 18).

Disassociation becomes maladaptive, it forms four main disorders. These may be considered the children of dissociation, and can fall under the family name dissociative disorders, they are Amnesia, fugue, depersonalization and dissociative identity disorder. When a person is involved in a natural disaster or has been raped, the mind may try to block any memory of that experience; this is known as amnesia. Amnesia becomes maladaptive when people begin to forget their name, age or personal history. Dissociative Amnesia is the most common form of dissociative disorders. People suffering from dissociative fugue are not. Disassociative fugue is characterized by "unexpected travel away from home or one's customary place of daily activities ( for days), with inability to recall some or all of the past." (Nathan & Gorman 18, pg.45). Funguecan seem sometimes like aimless wondering (Putnam 18). Not much is known about this disorder; however , researchers do know that in most cases a person with disorders sometimes take on a new identity and is unable to remember personal information until they return to the original identity (Nathan & Gorman, 18).

Write my essay on psychology for me

Another form of dissociation is depersonalization; it is a chronic and recurrent experience of feeling detached from one's thoughts. Feelings, sensations or experiencing that they are some how unreal or in a dreamlike state ( Encyclopedia of Psychology,000 pg.57). It is important to realize that these disorders are developed by the mind as a form of protection against traumatic experiences. In most cases of amnesia the mind tries to block traumatic situation from the memory; sometimes this works, sometimes it does not. In fugue state, the mind may be trying to escape the traumatic situation by wondering away from the environment that is causing the trauma. In the case of depersonalization the mind may be trying to create a sense that the experience is not reality, in order to help the person suppress and repress the trauma. Disorder is one of the main four disorder of dissociation. It is the extreme of all four disassociative disorders. According to Diagnosis and Stastistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the fourth edition, there is four criteria for DID The presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. At least two states recurrently that are taking control of the persons behavior. Inability to recall important personal information to which can not be explained by normal forgetfulnesds. This distirbance cannot be caused by a substance or a general medical condition (as cited in Encyclopedia of Psychology, 000).

Dissociative Identity Disorder is example of dissociation becoming maladaptive to the extreme. It becomes maladaptive when "it exceeds certain limits in intensity, frequency or occur in a inappropriate context" (Putnam 18 pg. ). Many researchers believe that there are predisposing factors that leaad to the development of DID. Richard Kluft developed the four-factor theory.

1. The person's innate ability to disassociate

. A pattern of abuse

. Occurrence of overwhelming trauma (which creates a reason to disassociate)

4. Inadequate protection of a child suffering from the trauma,the -P model

Braun and Dachs proposed their model similar to Kluft four factors theory in that they both agree that the same predisposing factor account for DID development . Other researchers on the issue of Dissociative Identity Disorder suggested the double-bind theory (as cited by Kluft, 1). An example of the double-bind theory , would be when a child is raped by a sibling and the sibling tells the child that they are doin it for the child's own good. If the child decides to tell the parent, then he/she may be called a liar and made feel like a bad person for making that type of accusation on a sibling (Kluft,E 1). The child may be left with the feeling of fear, humiliation and conflicting demands to please everyone, without being rejected by others (Waithes 1). Baldwin (author of the article Child Abuse as an Antecedent of Multiple Personality Disorder) explains that this forces the child to become two conflicting person. He or she is forced to create a good and a bad self. Childhood trauma is the leading cause of dissociative identity disorder.

According to Putnam , a study done by the National Institute of Mental Health shows that of a 100 reported cases of patients with DID, 7% reported experiencing trauma as a child. Childhood trauma can be sexual abuse, physical abuse, extreme neglect, witness to a violent death, or extreme poverty. Sexual abuse is the most common form of childhood trauma reported. Incest accounting for 68%, making it the most common form of sex abuse. Sexual abuse may include insertion of instrument in the vagina, mouth, anus and sexual torture. Physical abuse was the second most reported, it was reported in 75% of the 100 cases studied. Physical abuse can range from beating with hands or fists to different forms of tortures.

In trying to cope with these traumatic experience DID may develop. It becomes "an adaptive dissociative response of a young child's mind to fear and pain of an overwhelming trauma" (Dell & Eisenhower 10 pg7). Not all children who suffer a traumas develop DID but according to researchers ,DID is easier for children to develop, than for adults. One reason for this is that children tend to be easier to hypnotize, thus making it easier for them to dissociate (Putnam 18). Another reason, according to Stephen Marmer pg85 ( a researcher involved in the study of DID), is that at a certain age about "18 months to 4 and 5 years of age they are at a vulnerable time in development." According to him at thid phase the distinction between self and object is still cloudy and there is a tendency to use the defense mechanisms of splitting instead of repression. He writes that the "cognitive ability to conjure different identities is not present prior to the vulnerability window and the ability to use more advanced commences at the end of the vulnerability window".

Braun (developer of the -p theory) compared the development of DID to the learning process. According to him when a child suffers a trauma he or she develops a response of dissociation to it. A repetition of this trauma reinforcement's the response of dissociation. This response will later become associated with trauma. Then whenever the child experiences this trauma, this response automatically happens. One might say it becomes a conditioned response. After a period of time the child's personality becomes "split". By split this means other personalities develops. This gives the child the sense that the trauma it is not happening to him/her, but to someone else (Waites, 1). This split will now occur whenever the child feels it necessary for defend (DELL & Eisenhower 10). These personalities are known as alternates. These alternate personalities will now act as a "stimulus barrier to overwhelming experience, memories and conflicts serving as a defense against internal disorganization an chaos (Armstrong,14 pg15). These personalities help the child to escape the trauma, but once this type of defense is chosen any stimuli in the environment can trigger a splitting reaction, causing other personality to develop (Whitman, 11).

Dissociative Identity Disorder begins in childhood , but in most cases it is diagnosed in adults. Also children tend to have to have fewer alternate personalities than adults (Baldwin, 10). According to Baldwin, upon diagnosis children have an average of approximately a alternate personalities, while adults have an average approximately 1. Alternate personalities may be a difference in voice, sex, accent, reaction to medication, and even handwriting (Kluft 1). Putman described the many different kinds of alternate personalities that may develop over a period of time dissocitive identity disorder.writing (Kluft 1). Putman described the many different kinds of alternate personalities that may develop over a period of time dissocitive identity disorder. In this research, he found that in almost all cases, one or more of these alternate personalities is a child. Child alternates usually hold the memories of the traumatic experiene. Then there is the protector alternate. This alternate personality protects the host personality from internal and external danger. It tries to bring a balance to the chaos going on inside the host. In most cases the protector personality is a male. There can be many other alternate personality. However, the personality that is depicted the most on television is the prosecutor personality. According to Putnam this personality may have originated from the protector personality. This means it may have been the one to suffer from most the traumatic experience. It blames the host personality for being weak and may try to take control of the host life by sabotaging. It may even try to kill the host personality. Since alternate personalities believe strongly in what they say they are, they do not see killing the host as killing themselves (Waites 1). This alternate personality may try turning the host personality family against them or causing legal troubles for the host personality. According to Putnam 167 the host personality is not the original personality,

It is the alternate personality that has "executive control of the body the greatest percentage of any given time ". They are often not aware of the other personalities. They are also the ones to seek out medical attention (Putnam, 18); Kluft believes that everyone at birth develops at least on alternate and that the original personality is put to sleep and only after intense treatment it is revealed (Putnam,18).

Treatment of dissociative identity disorder may involve, psychoanalytic techniques, encouraging integration of alternate personalities and formal hypnosis in order to facilitate.

Memory retrieval (Nathan & Gorman 18). Hypnosis as a treatment is causing most of the controversy about the validation of dissociative Identity Disorder. Skeptics claim that through suggestion and hypnosis patients are made to believe that they have this disorder. This means that while patients are made to brlieve that they have this disorder. This means that while patients are under hypnosis doctors use the power of suggestion to create this disorder , by implanting information into the patient's memory. Some also say that individuals looking for therapists willing to believe their condition created dissociative identity disorder.

The supporters of DID claim that skeptics are just plain "missing it, either failing to look for it or by recognizing it" (North, Ryall, Ricci,&Wetzel,1,pg7). The argument between the two sides about the validity of DID is a very heated , to the point where doctors are questioning each others compentency. According to North, Ryall, Ricci, and Wetzel, to settle this disagreement the five phrases of validating a psychiatric disorder should be used. The first clinical description, which means that the criteria of the disorder should be specified. One of the arguments made by skeptics is that the diagnosis of DID have risen dramatically because of the media influences. Supporter says this not so, the criteria is too vague, which cause DID to be misdiagnosed for illnesses such as schizophrenia. Secondly, laboratory studies, which would involve neurophysiologic investigation. These would attempt to observe the physiologic difference in the alternate personalities.

Skeptics believe that actors can be trained to trick doctors into believing that they have this disorder. Supporters of DID say that anyone could pretend that they are ill, however ,that may not be the truth. The third phase is delimitation from other disorders. This means specifying the criteria that an excluded, making sure this disorder can't be mistaken for any other disorder. The fourth phase is follow-up study. North. Ryall, Ricci, and Wetzel pg41. Claim that it will support the validility of dissociative identity disorder "if time proves the disorder remains the same it will suppoet the idea of natural history and prognosis".

The final phase involves a family study. This entails looking into family history since most psychiatric disorders seems to run in the family. According to North, Ryall, Rucci, and Wetzel these five items are called Robins Guze Methods, can help prove the validity of any psychiatric disorder. They claim that researchers are "struggling with the first item in that laboratory investigations, deliniations from other disorders, followed-up study, and family all have yet to yield consistent findings" (pg.41).

The fact that the American Psychiatric Association recognizes this disorder has existed shows that much has already been discovered about this disorder. We now know Dissassociative Identity Disorder is the presence of two or more distinct identity stating that one take control of the body and is a result of trauma suffered as a child; and is not a result of demonic spirit taken control of the body, but there is still much work to be done. One thing to keep in mind, is just as there will always be skeptics about Dissassocitive Identity Disorder, it will always remain a fascinating and mysterious.

Please note that this sample paper on psychology is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on psychology, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on psychology will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

A place like no otherimagery

If you order your cheap custom essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on a place like no otherimagery. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality a place like no otherimagery paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in a place like no otherimagery, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your a place like no otherimagery paper at

Our affordable prices!

A Place Like No Other

The temperature starts to rise and students are awaiting freedom for a few short

months. This is the time of year when people are dreaming of escaping the everyday

Cheap writing services for a place like no otherimagery papers

hassles, with not one trip to the store or one more day of eight to five. To have a favorite

place that takes your breath away even for one short weekend is a place like no other.

Hardy Arkansas was a place of magnificent scenery with beautiful tall hills that

looked like they were overlapping each other. The sun shined down as if it was only

shining to show everyone what was just ahead of them. Cypress built houses that blended

with their surroundings stood two stories high with square shaped windows on each side

of the front door. A street of gifts and souvenirs attracted tourists as if these shops were

hypnotizing them and luring them in. T shirts hung outside on a metal rack, flags of all

colors blew in the wind, wind chimes created their own harmonious music, and windows

were stuffed with glass ornaments.

The next best thing about Hardy was the A framed houses that were available to

stay in. The house was shaped like an A and when you first walk in, the smell of a newly

built house with fresh paint just takes you away. It was two stories high and up stairs was

the bedroom with an A shaped window looking out at the clear lake below. Downstairs

was the kitchen and family room. The kitchens beautiful oak cabinets was a sight for the

eyes. The family room had a fireplace that created a feeling of warmth and security.

There were double sliding doors that led out to a deck in which you could sit and smell

the air coming off the glassy lake. Somehow this house gives you the peace and

happiness that helps the body relax.

Last but not least, was the Spring River. The baby blue and glassy river that was so cold yet so refreshing in the middle of summer, was so clear that you could look down and see fish swimming by. Trout fishing in the Spring River was one way people blew off steam in Hardy. The trout do not get very big and are different colors like a rainbow. You can stand in the middle of the river and throw your line just a little ways out and you can see the trout biting your line. It was almost as if they were trying to hold on to something while fighting against the fast currents and small waves.

Escaping for a weekend can be a dream come true. Hardy is the perfect place for unwinding, relaxing, and just having a great time. From the beautiful scenery, to the A framed houses, and how they create the warm and wonderful feelings, to the luxurious Spring River. These are all just a few examples reminding everyone how wonderful it feels just to get away and how there is one place to everyone that is a place like no other.

Please note that this sample paper on a place like no otherimagery is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on a place like no otherimagery, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on a place like no otherimagery will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Vitamin c abstract

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on vitamin c abstract. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality vitamin c abstract paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in vitamin c abstract, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your vitamin c abstract paper at

Our affordable prices!

Obi Okafor

Biology 40

The history of Vitamin C can be traced back to 1500bc when there was an outbreak of scurvy in Egypt. It came up again in the 1400's in Europe when there were repeated cases of shipmen dying off during expeditions from scurvy (1). Modern research of scurvy started again in 107 when two Norwegian scientists in their quest to determine the cause of Beri beri in guinea pigs discovered scurvy instead (1). The theory of an antiscorbutic vitamin was postulated in 111, but it was not untill 18 that Dr Szent Gyorgyi isolated a substance from oranges, cabbage and the adrenals of Oxen. He called this substance Hexuronic acid, and determined its chemical formula to be C6H8O6. He gave some of his substance to W.M Haworth an English sugar chemist who determined the structural formula and they both named it ascorbic acid, from a-scorbutic which means anti-scurvy (). Gyorgyi received a noble prize for his discovery in 17, but there has been a lot of debate on who really discovered the vitamin (1).

Online essay help on vitamin c abstract

Vitamin C also called ascorbic acid is one of the most essential vitamins for human survival. It is a water-soluble vitamin and is present in every cell of the body especially cells of the nervous system, blood, teeth, bones and glands such as the thymus, adrenals and thyroid (5). Deficiency of vitamin C is scurvy. Scurvy is characterized by bleeding of gums, looseness of teeth, and weakness of joints. Without treatment scurvy can lead to death. An intake of 10mg/day of vitamin c is required for protection from scurvy, but for optimal health a much larger intake is needed (1). The average RDA value for children is 0-45mg/day, men and women 75-0mg/day and pregnant and lactating women 80-10mg/day. It is also advised that people who their metabolic turnover of vitamin C is more rapid than normal like smokers should add an additional 45mg/day to their average intake (8). Vitamin C is non-toxic, and has no harmful side effects. There have been cases of people taking 10 to 0g of vitamin C with no side effects. The only effect that was reported was diarrhea in the first couple of days (1).

Man, some species of monkeys and guinea pigs are the only mammals that cannot produce vitamin C endogenously. All other animals produce their vitamin C in their liver and hence never suffer from scurvy. Because we don't produce our own vitamin C it means that all vitamin C used by humans is received through foods and supplementation (1,,6). Foods rich in vitamin C are fruits and vegetables like oranges, lemons, grapes, tomatoes, green and red bell peppers, cabbage etc (1,,4). There is also a little vitamin c found in meat, but there is hardly any vitamin c left after meat is cooked.

Vitamin C is absorbed by active transport in the gut and is reabsorbed in the kidneys. Because the absorption mechanisms in the gut and kidneys can reach a saturation point, it is better to take multiple doses of vitamin c throughout the day rather than all at once (6). Some of the primary functions of vitamin C are in collagen metabolism, because the collagen protein requires vitamin C for hydroxylation. Vitamin C also helps optimize our immune system by stimulating the activity of antibodies and immune system cells like phagocytes and neutrophils. It is also an antioxidant along with vitamin E and helps stop free radical chain reactions that can lead to tumors and cancer (5). Research in vitamin C is very has gone far and wide in checking the influence of vitamin C on almost every biochemical process there is in the body and the role ascorbic acid in the prevention and cure of a variety of diseases ().

A study that was performed in Valencia Spain was conducted to check if vitamin C was associated with a reduced of cataract in the Mediterranean population. 4 cases with cataract and 4 age /sex frequency matched controls aged 55 to 74 yrs were selected from an ophthalmic outreach clinic. Participants were interviewed about their diet and education, also blood samples were analyzed to get the level of antioxidants. Blood levels of vitamin C above 4micromols/L were associated with 64% reduced odds for cataract (p0.0001). The data strengthened the evidence for a protective role for vitamin C on the aging of the lens (7).

Another study was performed to check the influence of environmental tobacco smoke on the vitamin C status in children. The study involved 51 children aged -1yrs, 50% of them were exposed to ETS because their parents smoked. When the results were gathered it was found that plasma ascorbate concentrations were lower, by . micro mol/L on the average, in the ETS-exposed children than in the unexposed children who consumed equivalent amounts of vitamin C. This was highly significant difference (p=0.00). The results suggests that children that are exposed to any amount of tobacco smoke should be encouraged to eat more foods with vitamin C or should be given equivalent doses as supplements (8).

Please note that this sample paper on vitamin c abstract is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on vitamin c abstract, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on vitamin c abstract will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Tourism Industry Analysis in Kenya

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Tourism Industry Analysis in Kenya. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Tourism Industry Analysis in Kenya paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Tourism Industry Analysis in Kenya, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Tourism Industry Analysis in Kenya paper at

Our affordable prices!

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………1

COMPETITION IN THE INDUSTRY …………………………………………….1

Threat of New Entrants …………………………………………………….1

Bargaining Power of Suppliers …………………………………………….

Bargaining Power of Buyers ………………………………………………4

Rivalry in the Industry ……………………………………………………..4

Threat of Substitute Products ………………………………………………6

DOMINANT ECONOMIC FEATURES ………………………………………….6

DRIVERS OF CHANGE …………………………………………………………..7

KEY SUCCESS FACTORS ……………………………………………………….

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ………………………………...10

INTRODUCTION

Competition in the tourism industry is very high where destinations are fighting to retain and increase their market share of the shrinking tourism industry. Competitiveness between destinations is such that tourists will travel to the destination where they will get the best quality experience for their money.

Many countries are now developing uniform and standard criteria for their tourism services. This means that today's traveler will pay for value enhanced products but will also seek value for money and quality services throughout the full range of tourism product from budget tip end. These trends only serve to place greater emphasis on Kenya's ability to reposition itself in the international market place as a quality value added destination-delivering value for money.

I COMPETITION IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY

THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS

Kenya tourism industry is competing in the international market where the various destinations available in different countries compete against each other for tourists. Destination competition for Kenya varies between the source markets and importantly between the types of product under consideration. Kenya beach product may be said to compete against others Goa in the UK market, Mauritius in the French Market, Cuba in the German Market and the Bahamas in the US market. The rejuvenation of the Northern Tanzanian tourist circuit of Ngorongoro crater, Serengeti plains and Lake Manyara are also a threat.

The following table shows a matrix of product attributes across a combination of all source markets competing with Kenya.

Beach only

Cuba

Dominican Republic

Goa

Tunisia / Morocco

Mauritius

Caribbean Beach and culture

Thailand

Egypt

Indonesia

Malaysia

Mexico

Sri Lanka

Adventure and activities

South Africa

Botswana

Australia

Brazil / Paris

Nepal Beach and wildlife

Tanzania

Mozambique

Kenya clearly has various competitors for differing aspects of product portfolio. However, Tanzania's beach offering is questionable and Mozambique has yet to fully develop its potential, Kenya's simple combination of beach and wildlife makes the destination unique on the world wide stage.

Competition also takes the form of market presence in creating awareness and interest amongst potential customers, and in this aspect Kenya's share of voice has been minimal for a number of years. Direct marketing expenditure by key competitors such as Egypt and South Africa significantly exceed that of Kenya. Egypt has extensive advertising linked with good trade support. South Africa with a brand identity as "a world in one country" informs the travel trade within South Africa of key developments in originating markets while operating a strong in-market presence overseas. Destinations such as Australia promote strong advertising campaigns integrated with partnership marketing and are a leader in web-based travel trade training.

BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS

Competitor analysis seeks to identify aspects of competitive advantage whilst recognizing and acting upon areas of weakness. Kenya tourism as a better bargaining power and a more competitive edge against her competitors because of her unique competencies. These include

ɨ Unique wildlife and safari product combined with world class coastal resources and scenic diversity

ɨ People, heritage and history

ɨ Highly experienced travel industry

ɨ High levels of destination recognition in key source markets

ɨ Climate and proximity to key markets

ɨ Good will in relation to a new government both local and internationally.

All these competencies work towards increasing the bargaining power enjoyed by the Kenyan tourism industry. They are able to attract and influence the cost and revenues accruing to the industry. The industry can charge high rates to tourists while minimizing their costs.

The Kenyan industry being at risks of losing these tourists is pushed to lower their charges instead of loosing the tourist altogether.

The bargaining power of suppliers is low due to the following reasons

ɨ The current threats of terrorist attacks

ɨ Persistent security and crime perceptions

ɨ Poor infrastructure especially roads

ɨ Weak product interpretation

ɨ Limited quality control

ɨ Air access limitations

ɨ Entry impediments visa and airport logistics

BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS

Many of the world's independent travelers some of whom are maturing away from the younger budget travelers will also seek out nature and culture destination preferring a more flexible and individual style of travel but still demanding an authentic experience. Independent travelers will often arrange their own flights and accommodation then purchase an excursion or safari after arrival in Kenya on a walk in basis. If it meets the requirements they will pay a lot for a unique Eco-tourism experience and adventure activity, long stay often compensates for low daily budgets.

However, tourists are also gaining bargaining power by getting more and more experienced and have increased awareness of what the markets are able to offer and the competition there in. They are increasingly aware of the weaknesses in the Kenyan industry and take the advantage of bargaining for lower charges.

RIVALRY WITHIN THE INDUSTRY

Different destinations with similar features are competing stiffly for the few tourists landing in Kenya

ɨ Travel agents - Many tourists arrange visits to Kenya through travel agents. The many travel agents in Kenya are competing against each other to attract as much correspondence as possible.

ɨ Hotels and lodges In 001 the Ministry of Tourism and Information (MTI) reported a total of ,8 hotels in Kenya. Of these the majority are on the coast 456 hotels with 8,74 beds, 48 of which (14,185 beds) are classified as 4 or 5 star. There are 4 hotels in Nairobi with 15,684 beds. Of these, 18 hotels (4, beds) are classified as 4 and 5 star. Park and reserves have 67 hotels with 5,75 beds, and the rest of Kenya has 1,7 hotels (MTI).

Hotels are competing with one another to attract more tourists to occupy their premises.

ɨ Local Handicrafts and Authentic Craft These with multi-cultural influences feature woodcarving, beadwork, painting and drawing, basketry, weaving, clothing ornaments and jewelry in a wide range of quality and price. Several thousand-licensed curio dealers in Kenya offer a great diversity of souvenirs. There are opportunities in Kenya crafts to be improved and promoted o international markets. These handicraft owners are competing to spread benefits more widely into local communities, reinforce pride in traditional practices, and help establish the national image of a rich cultural destination.

ɨ Game parks Kenya is firmly established as a leading wildlife safari destination. Kenya's 5 National Parks and Reserves cover approximately 8 percent of the total area of the country. Kenya's parks and reserves received a total of 1,56,00 visitors in 001, down 1 percent from 1,644,00 visitors in 000 (CBS). Each protected area is unique in its diversity, attractions, character and scenery. Arid and Semi arid ecosystems form the largest percentage of Kenya's famous parks and have a great diversity of spectacular and easily observable plain wildlife. These diverse entities strive for tourists to visit their destinations, as park fees constitute a large sum of their income. While inside the park, they visit hotels within the parks and consequently bring in income to the park.

THREAT OF SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS

The focus on the tourism industry in Kenya is the available natural resources. Artificial facilities created e.g. the Nature Trail in Mombassa only add to the anesthetic value.

Substitute products may include

ɨ Low cost hotels in the town centers

ɨ Artificial facilities like Bamburi Nature trail

ɨ Illegal villas

ɨ All inclusive clubs

ɨ Home stays

ɨ Timeshare establishments

II DOMINANT ECONOMIC FEATURES

a) Competition

Competition is quite high in this industry due to its global nature.

b) Shrinking Potential

Terrorism and terrorist threats have lead to a decrease in industry size.

c) Resource Pooling

This is done at the regional level where resource pooling establishes regional joint marketing programs. This lower costs, increased growth in destination awareness, greater media exposure, earlier product positioning and more rapid penetration into target markets.

Joint management of resources, cooperative security, cost effective joint marketing and cross order protected areas such as Mara Serengeti, Amboseli, Kilimanjaro and Lake Victoria regions in Kenya.

d) Partnership

This exists between public and private sectors and it is advantages for smaller businesses with limited resources to market their products internationally. In Kenya we have initiatives between Kenya Tourism Board (KTB) and

ɨ Kenya safety center, (KSC)

ɨ Ecotourism Society of Kenya (ESOK)

ɨ Beach operators Relocation Programme (BORP)

ɨ Kenya Professional Safari Guides Association (KPSGA)

e) Strategic Positioning

Kenya tourism industry is well placed to respond to the global interest in eco-tourism.

Currently, there is a direct flight to Kenya that aims at encouraging frequent visits by the international tourists.

f) Product Differentiation

Kenya has stunning topography ranging from snow capped peaks of Mr. Kenya (51m) the cradle of civilization in the great Rift Valley, Alpine highlands lunar semi deserts, rolling Savannah plains, wilderness, deserts and some of the best palm fringed beaches in African and even the world over.

g) Distribution channels

The industry has a well elaborate distribution channel ranging from travel agents, telex and Internet.

h) Marketing

Tourism industry is characterized by heavy promotions to increase patronage. Nowadays marketing strategies are basis to any tourism industry in the world.

III DRIVERS OF CHANGE

 Long term growth

Industry showed positive growth despite various challenges.

i) During 001 tourism revenue rose to 4 million (US$07 million) representing .7 per cent total exports.

ii) Contributes to balance of payment exceeded in export value.

iii) In the Year 00 it contributed 8% of GDP.

 Product Innovation

i) Dedicated websites enable tourism to share experiences of tourism destinations.

ii) Digital television is a means whereby product information is obtained and

holidays are booked.

iii) Customers get access to greater range of information sources.

 Technology Change

Has become a fundamental aspect of the industry

i) Modern technology lowered costs of service delivery through efficient systems.

ii) Fast and quality services are offered.

 Market Innovations

i) Target marketing aims at consumer with a combination of technology through the

web and data casting T.V.

ii) The marketing bodies alert people about destinations encouraging hence encouraging business by securing email addresses including arrival and departure times.

iii) Special offers encourage visitors to return to Kenya.

iv) Extensive co-operation and partnership from with and without the travel industry to promote the industry in Kenya.

 Globalization

i) Same service/product is found in quite a number of countries.

ii) Regional cooperation provides linkages.

iii) East African tourism council formed aims at joint National Park fees, common visa and resolution of conflicting tourism policies.

 Government Intervention

The Kenyan Government has enacted legislatures governing the industry for purposes of providing safety standards and proper general welfare of all tourists in the country.

IV KEY SUCCESS FACTORS

ɨ Security

Acquire modern security gadgets for all the tourist destinations in Kenya.

ɨ Branding

Establish a strong and sustainable brand positioning providing optimal yield and season spread.

ɨ Different target market focus

Focus on core domestic markets and extend into emerging markets through emphasis on market specific web sites, trade and public relations.

ɨ Partnerships

Provide strong leadership to Kenyan tourism firms and develop valuable strategic relationships with stakeholders and relevant non-tourism organizations to harness the collective resource and expertise.

ɨ Product innovation

Enhance established products and develop a diverse portfolio of small-scale culture, adventure, activity and eco-tourism niche products.

ɨ Infrastructure

Acquire good means and modes of transport.

Effectively exploit the benefits of new media communication and distribution system to improve the speed, timeliness, depth and breadth of Kenya destination information.

ɨ Organization

Build a focused organizational structure and culture to increase efficiency and effectiveness and increase the quality and delivery of customer research and market intelligence to the travel trade.

Differentiate Kenya with a distinct market image and positioning in target markets as a "Uniquely Kenya" quality safari and coastal destination offering a rich diversity of culture, adventure activity and eco-tourism experiences.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The Kenyan tourism industry is one of the industries that has experienced some unique dynamics. Security in tourist destinations is a very critical issue. It is one industry that needs a lot of reorganization. Terrorist attacks as well as threats have caused a great deal of depression in the industry. However, the technological, product and marketing innovations have determined which firm continues to stay in the industry and which one is pushed out. Only those firms who have placed their strategies well have been able to stay in the industry.

Firms in the tourism industry need to change their market focus, improve on their organization, enhance product/service innovation, take up more aggressive marketing strategies, acquire some modern technology and lastly ensure safe and secure environments. The Kenyan Government should assist in improving the infrastructure in order to attract more local and international tourists.

Please note that this sample paper on Tourism Industry Analysis in Kenya is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Tourism Industry Analysis in Kenya, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Tourism Industry Analysis in Kenya will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Lucky's Alma Mater

If you order your essay from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Lucky's Alma Mater. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Lucky's Alma Mater paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Lucky's Alma Mater, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Lucky's Alma Mater paper at affordable prices !

Lucky's Alma Mater

During the 1840's in Ireland, there was a terrible potato famine. Many people died. Those who didn't came to America, where the streets were "paved with gold." Or in this case, potatoes.

When the Irish arrived here, however, they found the streets were not paved with gold, or even the beloved potato. The storeowners and other employers would not hire the Irish because the Irish like to drink aplenty.

It is true that Ireland is home to some of the finest beer in world, and the Irish drink it; often. There are, many alcoholics Irishmen. But there are alcoholic Americans, too. However, when the Irishmen get inebriated, they tell stories and sing traditional Irish songs.

Essay service for your Lucky's Alma Mater paper

To elaborate, the songs and stories are a big part of Ireland's rich culture. The songs are not offensive (most of the time) and express some of the many facets of the culture. Part of Ireland's history is shown in "Danny Boy", "Roddy McCorley" and countless others.

However, songs are not the only part of the culture. Leprechauns, fallen heroes, saint, are all parts of stories told in Ireland. The stories have had an impact on American culture, as well. "They're always after me Lucky Charms," is the catch phrase of a popular "Irish" cereal icon here in the states.

Another important aspect is religion. St. Patrick brought Catholicism to Ireland. He showed the Irish the Trinity in a was that they could understand and easily recognize; the shamrock (three leaves connected to one stem.) For that simple reason, shamrocks are out in full force around St. Patrick's Day.

Furthermore, history plays a huge role in the culture now in Ireland. The Irish have seen so many things, new religions, wars about those religions, The Lord of the Dance, and they have learned to deal with each. For religion, most Irishmen converted to Catholicism. The wars were eventually resolved and Michael Flately's popularity eventually wore off.

Additionally, Irish step dancing has been around for a very long time. In traditional step dance, the feet and legs move, while the arms and head remain stationary. Michael Flately took step dancing to the next level. Flatley can step at an amazing rate of 0 "taps" per second.

Not to forget, Flately is not the only Irishman famous in America. James Bond was Irish, or at least one of the actors who played him is. Along with Pierce Brosnon, other famous Irishmen include Colin Farrell (Phone booth) and Liam Neeson (Schindler's List) The movies that these Irishmen have been in help to entertain, or even change, us Americans.

Despite excessive drinking and smoking, the Irish are good people from a great country. Irish culture is perhaps the richest in the world, with songs, stories, a great history, fabulous actors, dancing, and a tiny leprechaun selling a delicious cereal. Irish culture flourishes today and will continue to until the end of time.

Please note that this sample paper on Lucky's Alma Mater is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Lucky's Alma Mater, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Lucky's Alma Mater will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Aristotle's Philosophy

If you order your paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Aristotle's Philosophy. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Aristotle's Philosophy paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Aristotle's Philosophy, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Aristotle's Philosophy paper at affordable prices !

Aristotle wrote that "The ideal persuader should put the audience in the right emotional frame of mind (pathos), state the best arguments (logos), and have the right character (ethos). The persuader must not only try to make the argument of his speech demonstrative and worthy of belief; he must also make his own character look right."(p.118). All of these components are essential to building a persuasive argument. However some can be centered on one of the concept that Aristotle identified.

According to Aristotle, our perception of a speaker or writer's character influences how believable or convincing we find what that person has to say. This projected character is called the speaker or writer's ethos. Ethos refers to the trustworthiness or credibility of the speaker. It can be conveyed through tone and style but it is very likely to be applied to the reputation of the speaker. We are naturally more likely to be persuaded by a person who, we think, has personal warmth, consideration of others, a good mind and solid education. Often we know something of the character of speakers and writers ahead of time. People whose education, experience, and previous performances qualify them to speak on a certain issue grants them authority. But whether or not we know anything about the speaker or writer ahead of time, the actual text we hear or read, the way it is written or spoken and what it says, always conveys the impression of the author's character. Institutions, public roles and publications also project an ethos or credibility. We assume, for example, that The New York Times is a more credible source than The National Enquirer. We usually assume that a person selected for a position of responsibility or honor is more credible than someone without official command is.

The audience determines credibility so reliance on status and labels may not hold up. The audience makes a decision by what they see before them. It is a mental mirage. You must appear to be credible, because your label or status may not always carry you. Establishing credibility or making your audience believe that you are credible is important but there are other appeals to consider for argumentation purposes.

An argument can be developed through "pathos". The persuasive appeal of pathos is often associated with emotional appeal. An appeal to pathos causes the audience not just to respond emotionally but to identify the writer's point of view. It refers to the emotional and imaginative impact of the message on an audience, the power with which the speaker's message moves the audience to decision or action.

Online essay help on Aristotle's Philosophy

There are many emotional appeals that target a specific feeling. These types of appeals can be very strong. There can be emotional appeals that install: fear, guilt, security, empathy, love, hate, and anger. These are all very intense emotion so it is obvious that messages that properly stimulate those sensations will be effective.

However some emotional appeals have their disadvantages to. If you attempt to install too much fear it will have little effect because it will be deemed as unbelievable. Guilt can be used in an incorrect manner as well. Like fear, guilt and other appeals can cause cognitive dissonance. As human we like things to be consistent. If we install fear, guilt, or anger it creates dissonance. The audience will not like to feel that way for too long. The dissonance creates an altered mood state and most people will take actions to maintain homeostasis. So therefore messages that target these emotions must have possible solutions and action that will alleviate the dissonance.

Logos according to Aristotle refers to the internal consistency of the message. The claim must be clarified, and logical. In order to be logical it must have effective supporting evidence. This is deemed to be the argument's logical appeal. Although we would like to think that we are all logical thinkers, the truth is that the other appeals often can become more persuasive than logical appeals. Logical arguments consist of medical documents, scientific theories, and experiments. We now that they are clear, concise, and sound. The premises of logical arguments must be the same.

Persuasion does not have to be logical. Logic is not consistent across an audience. You can be talking to a group of psychiatrist who have all had the same degree of education and exposure, but will select different forms of medications and treatments for one patient. This is because there are many logical routes to solve the problem. Logic does not rely on understanding personal and individual differences.

For argumentation to be persuasive you must go beyond the mere argument itself.

It must connect with the audience. Can't be complied directly from logic or, directly from the emotional point of view. An intersection must be established according to your audience.

Please note that this sample paper on Aristotle's Philosophy is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Aristotle's Philosophy, we are here to assist you. Your custom paper on Aristotle's Philosophy will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Urbanization and its Effects

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Urbanization and its Effects. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Urbanization and its Effects paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Urbanization and its Effects, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Urbanization and its Effects paper at

Our affordable prices!

Starting approximately during the year of 1870, the Northeast and Midwest regions experienced an immense transformation. Occurring at a time often called the "Metropolitan Era," these transformations were due mainly to concentration on the philosophies of industrialization, modernization, and urbanization. Urbanization, which is the rapid growth of a city, began with the arrival of immigrants from all around the world to the United States. The rapid urbanization of cities in the Northeast and Midwest promoted success and opportunity, while also paving the way for beneficial change in urban politics, economic conditions, and citywide spatial transformation. Immigrants didn't arrive in the United States without a reason --they left the places that they called home, risked everything that they lived for, and strived to move on, all in the hope of achieving success.

"...immigrants sought to escape difficult conditions -- such as poverty, famine, land shortages, or religious or political persecution -- in their native countries." (The Americans, 438)

The basic appeal for most immigrants was the new boom of industrialization. The spread of industry meant that there were more jobs available, and jobs, as long as they were paying, meant opportunity for success. Many immigrants also came to earn money for their families back in the homeland, and would then make the trip back once they'd saved up enough to provide a decent living.

[Some immigrants] "...known as "birds of passage" intended to immigrate temporarily in order to make money and then return to their homelands." (The Americans, 438)

College papers on Urbanization and its Effects

Many of the people that immigrated to the United States had no choice but to make an attempt at a new life. They arrived from all four corners of the world, most coming from the nations of Europe and northern Asia, Mexico, Japan, China, the West Indies, and the already well-known continent of Africa. The most prominent group of this bunch would have to be from Europe. Even combined, all of the other nations that arrived in the United States only tallied up to about a quarter of the amount from Europe.

"Between 1870 and 1920, approximately 20 million Europeans arrived in the United States. Before 1890, most immigrants came from countries in western and northern Europe, including Great Britain, Ireland, and Germany. Beginning in the 1890s, however, increasing numbers came from southern and eastern Europe, especially Italy, Austria-Hungary, and Russia. In 1905 alone, about a million arrived from just these countries." (The Americans, 438)

Due to rising conditions in Europe such as famine, political corruption, and economic disaster, more and more Europeans began to leave. Even though the mortality rate was high, the birth rate was higher still, causing an overflow of population, with hardly any land. Without a place to stay and a job to provide for their family, many Europeans were morally forced to leave their homelands in search of a new life. With bountiful openings for a promising career and a home that compared to the nothing they had at the moment, the United States may have seemed as almost a miracle.

"Other Europeans left because of rising population. Between 1800 and 1900, the population in Europe had more than doubled to 432 million. This population explosion resulted in a lack of land...Finally there was a spirit of revolt and reform in Europe...Many young men and women who were influenced by the spirit of these movements sought to start independent lives in the United States." (The Americans, 439)

On the other hand, China was facing only the typical problems a country might. The reason for Chinese immigration was mostly the massive need for laborers during the time that the transcontinental railroad was being built. From the point of the railroad completion onwards, Chinese arrived in the United States to obtain mostly labor-based jobs -- jobs that also paid extremely well. However, previously, the news of a gold rush was the main inspiration for the Chinese. Unfortunately, in 1882, the immigration of Chinese was dramatically limited, halting their major influence on the country.

"Between 1851 and 1883, about 200,000 Chinese arrived. Many came to seek their fortunes after the discovery of gold -- in 1848 -- sparked the California gold rush." (The Americans, 439)

"The Chinese helped build the nation's first transcontinental railroad as well as other railroads in the West. When the railroads were completed, they turned to farming, mining, and domestic service. Chinese immigration was sharply limited by a congressional act in 1882." (The Americans, 439)

A country that was under the pressure of political turmoil, along with the basic need of occupations, was Mexico. Unlike any other culture and race to immigrate to the United States, many Mexicans became United States citizens without much effort. After the annexation of Texas, the United States acquired an immense amount of land from Mexico. Most likely seeing no reason to leave everything they had worked for, they were extremely willing to accept the offer of citizenship, and become official, American born citizens.

"The Mexican population in the United States also increased. Unlike the Europeans, Asians, and West Indians, however, some Mexicans became United States residents without even leaving home." (The Americans, 439)

"As a result of the annexation of Texas in 1845 and the treaty with Mexico in 1848, the United States acquired vast territories from Mexico. Many of the residents of these territories chose to become American citizens." (The Americans, 439-440)

With increased usage of the land irrigation system for farming -- due to the 1902 National Reclamation Act -- many Mexicans were drawn northward into the Midwest, where farm land was now fresh and bountiful. Even more Mexicans immigrated to the United States in 1910 when many political and social upheavals occurred. Amazingly, about 7 percent of Mexico's population at the time had immigrated by 1920.

"Other Mexicans immigrated to the United States to find work or to flee political turmoil. As a result of the 1902 National Reclamation Act, which encouraged the irrigation of arid land, new farmland was created....This farmland drew Mexican farm workers northward to seek jobs. After 1920, political and social upheavals in Mexico prompted even more immigration." (The Americans, 440)

"Nearly a million people -- 7 percent of the population of Mexico at the time -- came to the United States over the next 20 years." (The Americans, 440)

Another string of immigrants that brought vibrant, lively, spirited culture to the United States was that of nations in the West Indies. Consisting of skin pigments ranging from dark to albino, these people immigrated due to the need of wage-based work. Over 200,000 people from nations such as Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Haiti had arrived by 1920, mainly settling in the east and southeast, along the Atlantic coastline.

"They came from Jamaica, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and other islands. Many West Indians left their homelands because jobs were scarce." (The Americans, 439)

"Between 1880 and 1920, about 260,000 immigrants arrived in the eastern and southeastern United States from the West Indies." (The Americans, 439)

In addition to those who were voluntarily coming to the United States, the African Americans had been there for years on end before them. Still suffering from racial discrimination and abuse in the South, many emigrated north and west seeking a new chance at life. Totaling about 200,000 emigrating in the United States alone, they settled in cities like Chicago and Detroit, many continuing on to Canada. Still, even at their new homes in the North, the African Americans were looked down upon, seen as incompetent illiterate barbarians. Almost forced to accept dirt-cheap wages as factory laborers or domestic servants, they might've been compared to that of a peon. Even though these factors were evident, their new life was said to have been comparatively better than that as a slave.

"Between 1890 and 1910, about 200,000 African Americans moved north and west to cities such as Chicago and Detroit, as they tried to escape racial violence, economic hardship, and political oppression." (The Americans, 447)

"Because of racial prejudice and their inadequate education, they were often forced to take low-paying factory jobs or to work as domestic servants." (The Americans, 447)

Despite the oppressive conditions that the immigrants had lived with most of their lives, the United States was the way of their escape. Offering more than just a home and a job, the United States provided the immigrant with the chance to decide the future of his generations to come. With the arrival of new citizens came the arrival of new machines and other inventions. Many, such as the steam-powered engine, helped to revolutionize manufacturing, farming, and industry overall. Cutting harvesting time in half and reducing the need for as many employees boosted output and profit for the South. While in the North, mass production spread like wild fire, finance and administration became more complex and necessary for business maintenance and development (ie,. loans and bankruptcy issues), the ideas of wholesale and retail took form (balanced the relationship between manufacturer and consumer by providing a "middleman" to satisfy each party's needs -- while at the same time receiving profit for completing this task), and commerce -- domestic and foreign -- had more than doubled, extremely enhancing the value of the products and economy of the United States (ie,. supply and demand system). Newly established businesses -- mainly mines, mills, and factories -- were opening up everywhere around the city center, as electric subways and cable cars transported the employees longer distances, faster, to these businesses.

"The technological boom in the 19th century not only revolutionized the age-old occupations such as farming but also contributed to the growing industrial strength of the United States." (The Americans, 446)

"New mills, factories, mines, and transportation systems needed millions of workers who lived close to the workplaces, most of which were located in the northeastern part of the United States." (The Americans, 446)

Along with the development of the economy came the development of transportation. Before 1873, urban areas were based on pedestrian transport - this would include travel on foot and by bicycle. In 1873, however, an invention called the cable car was developed in San Francisco. These "trollies" -- as they came to be called - were driven by moving underground cables. They provided the population with means for simple transportation that was fast, efficient, and allowed passengers to travel beyond their original 2 mile walking limit.

With the exception of a specific few, many urban neighborhoods were and still are divided up by ethnicity. In establishing this concept, newly arriving immigrants encountered people that spoke the same language they did, shared the same religious beliefs, celebrated similar culture-specific holidays and events, and had already learned about and become adapted to the world around them. Those who had come previously would teach the newcomers, eager to explain the language and way of their "new" homeland.

"The cities became vibrant, colorful collages of various ethnic groups -- "...an extraordinary, crazy quilt," as Jacob Riis called the New York of 1890." (The Americans, 447)

"Immigrants often clustered in ethnic neighborhoods with others from the same country.... Living among people who shared their background enabled the newcomers to speak their own language and practice their customs and religion while learning about their new home with the aid of those who had come before." (The Americans, 447)

When immigrants arrived in the United States, unless they were wealthy, had only taken what they could carry. This consisted mainly of whatever money they had, the clothes on their back, an extra set of clothes (if they were lucky), and a minuscule amount of food. This is the reason that most of the immigrants became city dwellers. Cities were much cheaper than any other residential servicing area and they were home to as many job opportunities as one would think of. In addition, most of these immigrants didn't journey far from the ports at which they had landed.

"Most of the immigrants who streamed in the United States in the late 19th century became city dwellers because cities were the cheapest and most convenient places to live. Most Irish immigrants, for example, initially settled in Boston, New York City, and Philadelphia not far from the ports where they landed." (The Americans, 446)

In addition to the transformation and advancement of the economy and transportation systems, the issue of urban residence also arose. Being that the goal of a successful city was to keep its residences as close to the city center as possible, new buildings were designed to sit on top of the originals, this was known as "vertical citywide reform." From this, city areas became known as "urban jungles" and "concrete catacombs." The houses that immigrants first lived in were originally known as "row houses." The row houses were attached single-family houses that shared sidewalls with other similar houses (This style of housing, though used by the most poor of immigrants, sells for hundreds of thousands of dollars this day in age, and is now known as a town house). This building configuration packed many single-family residences on a single block. Once the population of the cities had grown considerably, it was realized that a new style of residence was needed to accompany the need for shelter. Soon after this problem began, an apartment complex called "dumbbell tenements" had been designed. The building was long and narrow, about five or six-stories high, and was shaped like a barbell. The cylinder design provided all apartments with a window that had outside access. Unfortunately, careless dumping of waste and garbage into this airshaft led to putrid, rotten, disease-ridden odors and bacteria. This caused more problems for the city than with the previous complex that contained a select few apartments with no windows. For those that could not afford to live in a shelter at all, an establishment called a settlement house, created by a few reformers in the late 1800s, was available to partially suit their needs. This community center supplied food and clothing, shelter, and a place to make a friend (This was the original design and purpose of the "homeless shelter" or "soup kitchen" that is still in effect today).

"...row houses.... dumbbell tenements, long narrow, five- or six-story buildings that were shaped like barbells." (The Americans, 448)

"In the late 1800s, a few reformers established settlement houses, community centers in slum neighborhoods that provided assistance and friendship to local men, women, and children -- especially immigrants." (The Americans, 451)

Please note that this sample paper on Urbanization and its Effects is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Urbanization and its Effects, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Urbanization and its Effects will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!