Literary take on the poem "Storm Warnings"

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In the poem Storm Warnings the use of organization and choice of detail help to reveal both the literal and figurative meanings of the title.


The first stanza reveals much about an actual storm. Using the true events of a rising strom as details, the reader is first introduced to the literal storm warnings The glass...falling, winds walking overhead and gray unrest. Yet, the personification of the weather and use of words, such as unrest, adds a new element to the plot. Somehow the storm is no longer just a change in weather, but comes to stand for an uncontrollable force. The speaker uses details of his own reactions to illustrate the anticipation and nervous feeling that overwhelms him before a storm or unstoppable force. This mood of anticipation is further emphasized with the idea of air (moving) inward toward a silent core of waiting. However, sharing the figurative translation of the storm, this idea also implies all the predictable, yet unstoppable acts that inflict man and mans reactions.


With this metaphorical view the speaker comes to the main point with his statement, Weather abroad and weather in the heart alike come on regardless of prediction. This statement is placed in the center of the poem for precise reasons. The speaker builds up to this revelation, but also uses this point as the breaking time from literal description of a storm to a more personal translation of storm. The reader now becomes aware of the speakers feelings of helplessness when it comes to the so called storms. In both cases, an extreme change of weather or a conflict within the heart, can be predicted, but not (averted). Using the metaphor of the wind will rise, we can only close the shutters, reveals more about the speaker than ever before.


From the given detail the reader can come to a realization that the speaker is in a state of despair and overwhelming reality. The symbolic act of (closing) the shutters reveals his need for escape and his inability to deal with uncontrollable situations or storms. At last the speaker chooses to convey his over all gained knowledge of (stormy) situations. Choosing to add this detail at the end allows for the rest of the poem to build up to this resolution. The speaker concludes with the statement This is our sole defense against the season; These are the things that we have learned to do. This statement ties the entire poem together, expressing both the literal progression of a storm, but also the acts to be taken when in a conflicted situation, such as love.


Write a research paper on literary take on the poem "Storm Warnings"


Therefore, the use of organization and detail help to reveal the dual meaning to the poem, Storm Warning. This poem expresses the literal fears that come with a storm, but also the hesitations and need for refuge against troubles of the heart


Please note that this sample paper on literary take on the poem "Storm Warnings" is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on literary take on the poem "Storm Warnings", we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on literary take on the poem "Storm Warnings" will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!


Segway

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COLORADO TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY


MARKETING PLAN FOR THE


THE SEGWAY HUMAN TRANSPORTER (HT)


Online essay help on segway


BY


PAUL BECKFORD


JEAN ??


SANJIT POUDYAL


HASHIM AL-GHAMDI


MGM 60


ENGLEWOOD, COLORADO


MAY, 00


CONTENTS


I. INTRODUCTION (PAUL) ……………………………………..


II. THE MARKET


CUSTOMERS (JEAN) ………………………………… 4


MARKET SIZE AND TRENDS (JEAN)………………. 6


COMPETITION (SANJIT) ………………...................... 8


ESTIMATED SALES (SANJIT) ………………….. …… 14


III. SALES AND MARKETING


STRATEGY (HASHIM) ………………………….......... 15


METHOD OF SALES (JEAN)………………………….. 16


ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION (HASHIM) ……… 18


IV. CONCLUSION (PAUL) ………………………………………… 1


I. INTRODUCTION


A transportation revolution is here for the Segway Human Transporter or "HT" will soon be hitting the market. City Planners around the world are (or should be) in a frenzy as they prepare for the Segway HT to hit the streets. On par with the invention of electricity, the telephone, the solid state circuit and the Internet itself, the Human Transporter will force a major paradigm shift in the way people work, travel, commute, protect and to serve. The Segway HT is not like your average motorized scooter, its ease of use, mobility and power put it into a class of its own. It fills the niche between pedestrian foot travel and Automobile speeds. For now on, Postal workers can carry greater loads and travel farther, Police and Security Guards can patrol greater areas yet be more approachable.


Two models will be manufactured and sold at market introduction; the Industrial model and the standard model. The Industrial model is intended primarily for commercial and government uses and will feature more robust features such as greater range, higher and higher speeds. In the interest of safety, the Public will have the opportunity to buy the standard version at half the price but with limited functionality.


As detailed in the following sections, we have chosen our target customers, primary markets and identified our closest competitors. Our marketing strategy will take a multi-tiered approach, part of which will be to open our own Store Front in Downtown Denver and organize promotional events at college campuses in order to attract future Denver Businessmen.


II. THE MARKET


CUSTOMERS (JEAN)


For the customers, we use the market segment cross-classification matrix to identify the customers. Our target market is a group of people who work or live around Denver Country. We also concentrate on the group of people who are 5 to 44 years old and have annual incomes over $50000. Because our products are made for customers who have special needs, so we use the concentrated marketing zeroing in on a single target strategy to focus on only one segment.


Here are some potential customers around Denver Country that we think Segway HT can give the most benefit for them.


Manufacturing, Distribution, and Corporate Campuses


Segway HT will be an invaluable tool in warehouses, distribution centers, manufacturing facilities, and large corporate. Segway HT is a greater idea for carrying light cargo or packages than expensive motorized transport, and its speed will help maintenance workers, messengers, and others get to their parts faster, minimizing downtime caused by any failure or time wasted traveling.


Law Enforcement and Emergency Workers


With Segway HT, police, fire, and rescue workers could arrive at the scene of an accident far faster than if they'd had to negotiate crowded streets in a vehicle. Segway HT allows police officers to spend less time walking, helping them conserve energy. It also makes them more approachable than they'd be from behind a close car window or atop a horse, bringing them into contact with the communities they serve.


Security Guards


For security guards, Segway HT's faster speed allows them to cover greater areas while conserving energy for when it need. Segway HT can help security guards work effectively either in the building or in the ground.


Postal and Delivery Service


Segway HT will enable couriers and postal workers to cover larger delivery routes. By relieving physical strain that comes with walking delivery routes, or with carrying heavy packages, Segway HT could reduce stress and injuries for workers. Giving workers the strength to carry longer.


Parks and Recreation Areas


Segway HT allows people from the park service an easier way without a big vehicle. Also Segwat HT can reduce the pollution that affects the enviroment in the parks. Moreover, tourists could travel more deeply inside the park on Segway HT.


Tourism, Hotel, and Amusement Parks


Segway HT can give many benefits to the hospitality and tourism industries. Segway HT could reduce time and space by transporting maintenance personal helping food workers get to bar and restaurants. Moreover, courtesy workers and hosts at amusement parks would be more visible.


Airport and Airlines


Airport workers could travel faster both inside and outside of terminals on Segway HT such as Segway HT can take pilots getting to a distant gate faster, baggage handlers could tow a trailer to and from planes. Also, all of this could be accomplished without having to rely on trucks to other vehicles.


MARKET SIZE AND TRENDS (JEAN)


For our market size, we can infer to people who live and work in Denver area, so it can be everyone who live in Denver, age more than 4, and have annual incomes over $ 50000. From the data of the population in Denver, Colorado in 000 are used for estimate market size and trend for Segway HT.


General Demographic Characteristic 000 Denver Country, Colorado


Total population in Denver country, Colorado 554,66, however we target on people who have chance to purchase Segway HT


Sex and Age


Male 80,07


Female 74,4


Age Number of Population Percent


15 to 1 ,5 5.8


0 to 4 45,54 8.


5 to 4 11,676 0.5


5 to 44 86,40 15.6


45 to 54 71,000 1.8


18 yrs & over 4,870 78.0


Male 17,604 .


Female 15,66 8.8


Median age (years) .1


Total Market Size 00,06 people (from people who age 5 to 44) as of 6%


From http//www.census.gov/prod/cen000/dp1/kh08.pdf


From our discussion, we think, we should focus on customers who live in Denver because the number of people in Denver Country is the largest city in Colorado and large enough to be profit, also easy to advertise all of them. We don't want to target people all Colorado because the big expense have to spend on advertising and distribution. Moreover, people in one area have similar behavior, values, background and characteristics. It is easier to fulfill smaller group expectation in Denver Country more than people all state or around USA.


As the data, we can see obliviously that people who age around 5-4 are the largest group and people who age 5-44 are the second group, so we deiced target on these groups as our market. Also people from these groups have trend to interest in Segway HT. They are not too young or not too old. We don't want to target on teenager because roller-blades, Skateboards and bicycles may be our competitors in teenager market target. The most important thing, we may be the only one product in this market or we don't have any competitor.


In the future, we predict to increases our sell around 7 % for next 5 years by compare from trend of population increasing in Colorado.


Colorado Population in 000 4,168,000


Colorado Population in 005 4,468,000


In next 5 years population increase 7%


From http//www.census.gov


COMPETITION (SANJIT)


In the market plan study, my case is to derive Competitor and Estimated Sales for Segway product.


Competitor of Segway


This is the age of intense competition. Marketers must carefully identify and analyze their current and potential competitors. New technologies pose serious competitive challenge. Marketing competition refers to many firm engaged in satisfying the customer needs. There are two kind of competition in marketing the product. One is Industrial competition and other is Market competition. My goal is to analyze the marketing competitors of the product 'Segway' based on Objective, Features, Price, Quality, and User's view.


Segway is the members of scooter's family. There are mainly two types of scooter found in the market. One is Manually scooter and other is Electrical scooter. The purpose of manually scooter is to play. Electric scooters are used for play and are also used for short distance travel. Segway fall into the Human Transportation categories, which is also known as light vehicle. Actually, Segway didn't have a direct competitor. I am trying to compare with other scooter because they fall in the same family. X-port SLX/707, Great White E6, XTR are the most popular electrical scooter found in the market, can be the segway's competitors. Here, I am trying to analyze Segway marketing competitor with electrical scooters.


• Objective of the Product Every product has its own objective for consumer's attraction. Segway's is mainly used for Human Transporter and other electric scooter is used for playing. Due to use for human transportation, it is more popular.


• Features Since the purpose of the Segway is different. It has more advanced features than other electrical scooter. It is also called as transportation vehicle. See appendix for tabular presentation of each scooter type.


• Price Price of a product plays the major role in the market. Even the Objective of the product is for general use, quality is excellent still the product may not sustained in the marketing competition. This is due to the pricing policies. Generally, people looks at a price before buy and tries to compare with other similar product. Segway has two kind of model (Industrial and user's) and price varies based upon the model. Price for industrial model is around 8000$ and user's model is around 000$. If we compare the price with other electric scoter, segway's price is very high. As, I have already mentioned above that this is not an actual electric scooter only the fall in the same family. Segway has multi functional use, which varies the price with other scooter. The highest price of the electric scooter is around 00$.


• Quality Quality varies the price. Logically, if the price of the product is low, consumer cannot expect high quality. Segway has series like e-series, I-series and p-series. This is not due to vary in quality but due to feature change in each series. Analyzing the quality of electric series, there is lots of variation on price. In average it starts from 00$ goes up to 00$. It cannot be that 00$ scoter's quality is as of 00$ scooter. In my view, Segway never compromise with price and quality.


• User's View I had a short conversation with my apartment's children who are playing an electric scooter. And found that they bought the scooter just to keep their children busy in summer. I also found that the children feel good when they play with electric scooter. It runs fast and enjoy in playing. It concludes that, the purpose of the electric scooter is play rather than travel.


Segway performs a feasibility study on Tampa post office. Post office announced completion of the feasibility test of the Segway Human transporter, a-self balancing, and electric powered transportation device for use of mail delivery. The Segway used on five residential delivery routes where a portion of delivery are made by the letter carrier on foot. Each delivery has approximately 500 deliveries address. The postal service evaluation of the Segway test data will include safety and ergonomics, ease of use and adaptability. Segway are testing in lots of company such as National Park Service (NPS), GE Plastic (Unit of General Electric Company (NYSEGE)), Atlanta Organization etc. The company they are testing Segway are very positive about the product and willing to use.


Student's view


In short, electric scooter and segway are basically used for human transporter. Electric scooters are more used for playing purpose and segway are testing as transportation. There are not closely competitors for segway in the market. It is a new product and use for multiple purposes. Segway are also used for cart carry. Eg. Post office personal can dump the letters and packages in the cart and use segway to pull along their way. About the pricing, even the price of a segway is higher than general electric scooter companies are willing to use segway for safety and for multi purpose transporter. I think that segway is having the monopoly market.


Segway


Manufacturer Segway LLC


Price Industrials Model 8000


User's Model 000


Top Speed 1.5 mph


Weight 65 to 80 lbs (Depending on model)


Turning Radius Zero


Climbing Capacity 0 Degree incline at full payload


Wheelbase 0 (Single Axis)


Width 5 or inches depending upon the model


Tire size/type 16 x inches or 1 x 4 inches depending upon the model, Michelin-developed tube pneumatic


Motor type Redundant, integrated dc brushless servo motor withintegral magnetic feedback device.


Braking system Regenerative


Battery type x 7V or 58V nickel metal hydride or nickel cadmium, depending on model


Distance on Battery 10 to 15 miles (7V niMH model)


Battery charge time 4 6 hours


What makes the product Unique? Self balancing capability; on-board, smart charging system; high-technology electromechanical system like solid-stage gyros and brushless dc servomotors; extensive use of redundant systems for fault-tolerance.


X-Port SLC/707


Manufacturer EV Rider, Inc


Price $ 6


Top Speed 18 mph


Weight 5 lbs


Turning Radius Within its own Wheelbase


Climbing Capacity 150 lbs @ 15 degree


Wheelbase 5.5 inches


Tire size/type 1.50 x .5 inches, pneumatic


Motor type 50 W, 4V dc rare-earth magnetic


Braking system Front V-brakes; Rear drum brake


Battery type 4V lead acid battery


Distance on Battery 10 miles


Battery charge time 4 6 hours


What makes the product Unique? Has both front and rear suspension, adjustable seat and handlebars.


Great White E6


Manufacturer RadGo


Price $ 5 ( $6 with seat)


Top Speed 5 mph


Weight 68 lbs


Turning Radius About 8 ft, through depend on speed


Climbing Capacity 10 degree incline


Wheelbase 8.5 inches


Tire size/type 10 inches pneumatic (85 psi)


Motor type 800W, 6V dc brush motor


Braking system Cable actuated


Battery type x 1V x lead acid


Distance on Battery 18.5 miles


Battery charge time 6 8 hours


What makes the product Unique? Most powerful electric scooter


XTR


Manufacturer BladeZ


Price $ 74


Top Speed 18 mph


Weight 46 lbs


Turning Radius Not available


Climbing Capacity 10-15 degree grade, depending upon weight of rider


Wheelbase 46 inches


Tire size/type 10 inches Kenda slick pneumatic


Motor type 450W, 4V dc brush motor


Braking system Disk/Caliper


Battery type x 1V nickel metal hydride


Distance on Battery 1 14 miles


Battery charge time hours


What makes the product Unique? First use of nickel metal hydride battery on an utilitarian (non-toy) scooter


ESTIMATED SALES


The product is basically designed for organization in reducing a walk. I found that the product is not useful for homely purpose. Lots of organizations are in a feasibility test of the product. If feasibility report shows a success then only the sale of the product is high. Estimated sales based upon the interest of the organization.


III. SALES AND MARKETING


STRATEGY (HASHIM)


Our strategy is divided into three stages, short term, med term and long term.


- Short term (introduction)


This is the most important stage for two reasons


1- Its totally new product and idea, so it needs a lot of conviction for its benefit and feasibility.


- This stage is the base for the two other stages, so if we fail to market this product and convince the people in this stage we will not success to reach our goals and thus the whole project will cascade.


Anyway, in this stage we are planning to introduce and market the idea of the Segway before the product, we will focus on two points, the environment and the energy. After the idea introduction we will introduce our product by focusing on price, ease of use and safety. We dont expect high sales but we expect government incorporeal support and worm welcome from people.


- Med term (circulation and publicity)


Our two main goals in this term are


1- Make customers depend on Segway in their transportation.


- Draw our product in the transportation map.


We should sell as much products as we can with a very reasonable price. We expect to gain some profit at the end of this stage.


- Long term (replacement)


Our goal in this stage is to replace our product instead of cars. We expect to invest more money in this stage to develop Segway and its research. We are planning to look for outside markets and study different cultures to suite our products in everywhere.


This is our main strategies, but of course there are smaller goals such as selling our idea to other company in another country such as Japan if we are shortage of money. Its important to take strong control of the financial sources during the work on these strategies. We know that sometimes shortage of money is the cause of frailer, not another reason.


METHOD OF SALES (JEAN)


From our market size and market target that focus on Denver Country area only. It is necessary to use appropriate method of sales. We decided to open The Segway Shop in Denver Downtown as a Bulk-Breaking Function because this Segway Shop buy large quantities of products and sell to customers in each item.


The Segway Shop performs as a Manufacturers' agent because this shop is manufacturers' representative that is totally controlled by producer. This shop is operating in geographically limited area (Denver Country only) and this shop sells products, parts, and accessories from Segway HT only. There are many benefits of Segway Shop in Denver Downtown.


-The Denver Downtown area is the center of Denver Country and many people have chances to come in downtown area.


-Many companies and government organizations that is our target market are located in Denver Downtown. We can advertise, distribute, and reach easily to our prospect customers.


-Everyday, there are many people pass around the Segway Shop. We can have many chances to meet new customers without any cost.


-Because the most our target group live near Denver Downtown, we can safe the cost for shipping products to customer that ordered them.


In the first 5 years, we have only one Segway shop. This shop is not only opened for sell but also it is opened for give services too. A mechanic team is available every business day in Segway Shop. Moreover, customers could find all parts and accessories too. We still offer the customer service for new customers and old customers to keep the good relationship for customers.


We can conclude that The Segway Shop works as an Agent of Segway company. The first function is bringing customers to meet producers easily. This shop is allow taking possession of goods but cannot take the title. This shop offers products, service, and delivery (without extra charge in Denver Country area) too. Also this shop has an expert knowledge about product and operation.


ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION (HASHIM)


Although this mission will be commission to an advertising agency; we should put together a guideline that contains the following points


- The main media will be our voice to our customers such as, TV, Radio, Theaters, The Internet, Newspapers, Magazines and other communication media.


- Present our product in the famous night shows such as tonight with Jay Leno.


- Call our target of customers by phone and invite them to come over and try our product.


- Focus our advertisement broadcasting at the high traffic time (morning and evening).


- Setup agreements with large and mid companies to bring our product to their offices and present it there to the company and its employments.


- We should sit tight with the environment-friendly emblem.


- We should focus our ads in the bus stop parking for long time.


- Promote Segway in the universities and colleges between the students and give them chance to try it on the campuses.


IV. CONCLUSION


With its far superior mobility, incredible power, versatility and stability, the Segway HT is going to change the way we do business and how we get to our respective businesses. Our target market of Medium Income earners, living in densely populated areas are, sure to be our most valuable customers. Government agencies such as police departments, military and the postal service will benefit from wider areas of coverage and the ability to move quickly on sidewalks, even amid crowds. Commercial enterprises are going to increase efficiency and cut costs by decreasing worker fatigue, increase mobility and speed.


We don't believe our closest competitors, whom are using completely different technologies in their scooters, will be much of a threat. For the most part, their products are cheap and primarily intended for recreation. Despite the fact that our product will cost considerably more than these other products, we feel that the Segway HT fills a void in human transportation, it empowers the pedestrian.


By now, you are probably wondering, "where can I buy my HT"? Well that is a good question as they are not yet for sale but you can get on a waiting list at Amazon.com or stop by our Downtown location in Denver, if you've heard our Radio and TV spots, they you'll know the way.


Please note that this sample paper on segway is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on segway, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on segway will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!


HOMOSEXUAL ADOPTIONS

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The desire to become a parent and raise a child is perhaps as prevalent among lesbian and gay men as it is among heterosexuals. The reasons for wanting a child are also just as complex. Some believe that having a child ensures their immortality; others wish to gratify their parents' insistence on grandchildren; still others feel the basic human urge to parent and nurture. For many lesbian women and gay men, however, the only undesired consequence of their sexual orientation is the inability to have a child with the person they love. One solution to this problem has been adoption. However, the jurisdictions granting homosexual adoptions have been few and far between. This in part, has been due to the law's reluctance to keep pace with and face the realities of evolving social patterns in which gay and lesbians live together as life partners and subsequently choose to raise a family in the same manner as heterosexuals. These relationships are not, however, viewed by the law as constituting the "traditional" family.


This lag may stem from the feeling, by many of those in opposition to "alternative" families, that the "traditional nuclear" family forms the bedrock of society. Some people believe that the nuclear family is the only domestic relation unit or that it alone is the only uniquely situated to transmit society's most important values, while new types of loving relationships are seen as a threat to the very order of things. The problem with this objection is that it ignores the negative attributes of nuclear families and the positive characteristics of alternative families. "Close scrutiny of same-sex couples by the courts, however, would reveal that these alternative family arrangements preserve traditional family qualities, values, stability, commitment, affection and support, as well."(Bartlett, 87) When a household becomes the functional equivalent of a family, the law should not treat it any differently than the "traditional" family (88). There is still, evidence that courts and social commentators are beginning to extend token recognition to diversity, alternative lifestyles and the movement of the family away from the traditional nuclear model.


Courts currently do not recognize that the realities of a child's life do not depend upon legal rules. Their lives are more complex that than the one-mother/one-father model suggests. Variation from the one-mother/one-father prescription for parenthood is common (). Communal child rearing, surrogacy, open adoption stepfamilies, and extramarital births all destroy the myth of family homogeneity.


In the American legal system, the solution to the inconsistencies and uncertainties lays within the law. One solution consistently proposed by commentators is the need for the legislature to develop an expand legal definition of "parent."(5) It is felt that lesbian-mother and gay-father families, if not considered "nontraditional families" are ill served by rigid definitions of parenthood. "Current theories underlying the legal definition of parent, wholly deny the existence of nontraditional families"(Melton 10)


For example, the first theory is that every child should have one mother and one father, neither more nor less; the second theory is that those two persons identified as mother and father should have all the rights and responsibilities of parenthood, while non-parents should have little or none.


These statutory limitations lead to an unfair result when a same-sex couple mutually decide to raise a family together prior to the birth of any children and after a child is born by one, if they wish the other to legally adopt that child. Under this new definition of "parent," all those considered parents would be accorded the rights and responsibilities of parenthood, while none will be accorded on those who do not meet this definition (11). In addition, commentators propose that the concept of parenthood would be a status available to individuals regardless of their gender.


A recent state court decision, which accurately illustrates the weaknesses in current domestic relations law regarding the definition of "parent", is Allison D. v. Virginia M. (6). Allison and Virginia were in a committed lesbian relationship and began living together in 178. They decided to have children and function as co-parents, sharing all rights and responsibilities. Virginia was artificially inseminated by semen of an unknown donor. In 181, Virginia gave birth to a son named A.D.M to include the surnames of both women. Before, during, and after the pregnancy, the petitioner and respondent shared the household and the child support expenses. In November of 18, when the child was almost two-and-one-half years old, the parties separated. The two worked out a visitation plan and it went on for years until Virginia started to limit Alison's visits and subsequently terminated all contact between the child and Alison. Alison claimed in her petition seeking visitation rights that she stood " in loco parentis" to the child and therefore must be considered a "parent" within the meaning of Domestic Relations Law section 70 (). Relying on case law, the Supreme Court dismissed the action and refused to define "parent" in Domestic Relations Law 70 to include, someone standing "in loco parentis". In the court's opinion, "the biological parent of a child is the parent within the meaning of statute; the court declines to adopt the definition of parent as someone taking standing in loco parentis" (101). As a result, the court preserved the bonds of parenthood with Virginia, the biological mother, because they considered it critical to the child's well-being to protect the child from the traumatic and painful loss of a parent and did not find any "extraordinary" circumstances to grant visitation rights to petitioner where the child was properly in the custody of his mother (101).


In light of the dissent's view, courts or legislatures looking for guidance in developing a new definition of parenthood would best serve the interest of children by focusing on two criteria the legally unrelated adult's performance of parenting functions and the child's view of that adult as a parent.


In resolving the law's failure to recognize the reality of today's family formations and definition of "parent," commentators have further recommended that the legislature enact a "second-parent" adoption statute (Bowman and Cornish 5). Second-parent adoption is a particularly promising alternative because it allows same-sex couples to avoid the restrictions in current state adoption statutes, which provide that one cannot adopt a child unless either the natural parent waives all parental rights or the adoption stepparent is married to the legal parent (5). Specifically, enactment of a second-parent adoption order would provide a legitimate method for partners in same-sex couples to adopt each other's children without requiring the biological or adoptive parent to give up their parental rights. As such, this statutory modification would place lesbian and gay partners on equal footing with heterosexual natural or adoptive parents, by providing them with equal access to judicial system as well as equal rights to custody of and visitation with their children (55). Meanwhile, courts may believe that by granting sole parental rights to the biological parent in a lesbian-mother or gay-father family, they are discouraging the formation of these families. However, this cause-and-effect relationship does not exist. The formation of lesbian-mother families, as well as gay-father families, will continue, regardless of whether courts and legislatures recognize nonbiological mothers or fathers as equitable parents. The sole question is whether the judicial system will remain true to its stated goal of protection the "best interest of all children" by acknowledging the realities of life in gay and lesbian families and according those families' children all the rights and privileges that have been found to be in the best interest of all children. Currently, the law's unwillingness in some jurisdictions, to recognize and preserve parent-child relationships in nontraditional families sacrifices the best interests of the children in those families (61).


Furthermore, there is no evidence to suggest that the psychological health and emotional well-being of children raised in gay or lesbian households is comprised in any way. Research now existing on the psychological well-being of children raised in such families point to two conclusions (1) little difference exists in the overall mental health of children raised in homosexual households; and () the quality of parenting, not the parents sexual orientation, is the most crucial factor for a child's healthy growth and development (65). Arguably, assertions from the law or otherwise, that the emotional and psychological health of a child who is raised in a homosexual environment are adversely affected, is clearly mistaken.


In conclusion, it is cause for hopefulness that courts, legislatures, and scholars are struggling to devise new doctrines to address the needs of children in families that do not fit the one mother/one father model. The courts now realize that if children can adjust to stepfathers, adoptive fathers, live-in fathers, intermittent fathers and absent fathers, they can adjust to two fathers or two mothers. Thus, as more and more parents are revealing their sexual orientation, it is necessary to eliminate the antiquated stereotypes, fears, taboos and misconceptions that permeate custody and adoption proceeding involving gay and lesbian parents. Instead, homosexual couples must be viewed as having a relationship capable of legal recognition with concomitant legal rights and principles. Once it is recognized that these couples' family interest are essentially identical to those of heterosexual couples, denial of legal protections and rights become objectionable.


BIBLIOGRAPHY


1. Bartlett, Katherine. Rethinking Parenthood as an Exclusive Status. Baltimore Harper, 1-15


. Melton, Rebecca. Legal Rights of Unmarried Heterosexual Couples.


Minneapolis U of Minnesota 10-11


. Bowman, Craig and Blake Cornish. A More Perfect Union. Chicago


Harmondsworth, 1


HOMOSEXUAL ADOPTIONS


BY


SHEREE GARDNER


ENGLISH COMPOSITION 106


April 0, 001


The desire to become a parent and raise a child is perhaps as prevalent among lesbian and gay men as it is among heterosexuals. The reasons for wanting a child are also just as complex. Some believe that having a child ensures their immortality; others wish to gratify their parents' insistence on grandchildren; still others feel the basic human urge to parent and nurture. For many lesbian women and gay men, however, the only undesired consequence of their sexual orientation is the inability to have a child with the person they love. One solution to this problem has been adoption. However, the jurisdictions granting homosexual adoptions have been few and far between. This in part, has been due to the law's reluctance to keep pace with and face the realities of evolving social patterns in which gay and lesbians live together as life partners and subsequently choose to raise a family in the same manner as heterosexuals. These relationships are not, however, viewed by the law as constituting the "traditional" family.


This lag may stem from the feeling, by many of those in opposition to "alternative" families, that the "traditional nuclear" family forms the bedrock of society. Some people believe that the nuclear family is the only domestic relation unit or that it alone is the only uniquely situated to transmit society's most important values, while new types of loving relationships are seen as a threat to the very order of things. The problem with this objection is that it ignores the negative attributes of nuclear families and the positive characteristics of alternative families. "Close scrutiny of same-sex couples by the courts, however, would reveal that these alternative family arrangements preserve traditional family qualities, values, stability, commitment, affection and support, as well."(Bartlett, 87) When a household becomes the functional equivalent of a family, the law should not treat it any differently than the "traditional" family (88). There is still, evidence that courts and social commentators are beginning to extend token recognition to diversity, alternative lifestyles and the movement of the family away from the traditional nuclear model.


Courts currently do not recognize that the realities of a child's life do not depend upon legal rules. Their lives are more complex that than the one-mother/one-father model suggests. Variation from the one-mother/one-father prescription for parenthood is common (). Communal child rearing, surrogacy, open adoption stepfamilies, and extramarital births all destroy the myth of family homogeneity.


In the American legal system, the solution to the inconsistencies and uncertainties lays within the law. One solution consistently proposed by commentators is the need for the legislature to develop an expand legal definition of "parent."(5) It is felt that lesbian-mother and gay-father families, if not considered "nontraditional families" are ill served by rigid definitions of parenthood. "Current theories underlying the legal definition of parent, wholly deny the existence of nontraditional families"(Melton 10)


For example, the first theory is that every child should have one mother and one father, neither more nor less; the second theory is that those two persons identified as mother and father should have all the rights and responsibilities of parenthood, while non-parents should have little or none.


These statutory limitations lead to an unfair result when a same-sex couple mutually decide to raise a family together prior to the birth of any children and after a child is born by one, if they wish the other to legally adopt that child. Under this new definition of "parent," all those considered parents would be accorded the rights and responsibilities of parenthood, while none will be accorded on those who do not meet this definition (11). In addition, commentators propose that the concept of parenthood would be a status available to individuals regardless of their gender.


A recent state court decision, which accurately illustrates the weaknesses in current domestic relations law regarding the definition of "parent", is Allison D. v. Virginia M. (6). Allison and Virginia were in a committed lesbian relationship and began living together in 178. They decided to have children and function as co-parents, sharing all rights and responsibilities. Virginia was artificially inseminated by semen of an unknown donor. In 181, Virginia gave birth to a son named A.D.M to include the surnames of both women. Before, during, and after the pregnancy, the petitioner and respondent shared the household and the child support expenses. In November of 18, when the child was almost two-and-one-half years old, the parties separated. The two worked out a visitation plan and it went on for years until Virginia started to limit Alison's visits and subsequently terminated all contact between the child and Alison. Alison claimed in her petition seeking visitation rights that she stood " in loco parentis" to the child and therefore must be considered a "parent" within the meaning of Domestic Relations Law section 70 (). Relying on case law, the Supreme Court dismissed the action and refused to define "parent" in Domestic Relations Law 70 to include, someone standing "in loco parentis". In the court's opinion, "the biological parent of a child is the parent within the meaning of statute; the court declines to adopt the definition of parent as someone taking standing in loco parentis" (101). As a result, the court preserved the bonds of parenthood with Virginia, the biological mother, because they considered it critical to the child's well-being to protect the child from the traumatic and painful loss of a parent and did not find any "extraordinary" circumstances to grant visitation rights to petitioner where the child was properly in the custody of his mother (101).


In light of the dissent's view, courts or legislatures looking for guidance in developing a new definition of parenthood would best serve the interest of children by focusing on two criteria the legally unrelated adult's performance of parenting functions and the child's view of that adult as a parent.


In resolving the law's failure to recognize the reality of today's family formations and definition of "parent," commentators have further recommended that the legislature enact a "second-parent" adoption statute (Bowman and Cornish 5). Second-parent adoption is a particularly promising alternative because it allows same-sex couples to avoid the restrictions in current state adoption statutes, which provide that one cannot adopt a child unless either the natural parent waives all parental rights or the adoption stepparent is married to the legal parent (5). Specifically, enactment of a second-parent adoption order would provide a legitimate method for partners in same-sex couples to adopt each other's children without requiring the biological or adoptive parent to give up their parental rights. As such, this statutory modification would place lesbian and gay partners on equal footing with heterosexual natural or adoptive parents, by providing them with equal access to judicial system as well as equal rights to custody of and visitation with their children (55). Meanwhile, courts may believe that by granting sole parental rights to the biological parent in a lesbian-mother or gay-father family, they are discouraging the formation of these families. However, this cause-and-effect relationship does not exist. The formation of lesbian-mother families, as well as gay-father families, will continue, regardless of whether courts and legislatures recognize nonbiological mothers or fathers as equitable parents. The sole question is whether the judicial system will remain true to its stated goal of protection the "best interest of all children" by acknowledging the realities of life in gay and lesbian families and according those families' children all the rights and privileges that have been found to be in the best interest of all children. Currently, the law's unwillingness in some jurisdictions, to recognize and preserve parent-child relationships in nontraditional families sacrifices the best interests of the children in those families (61).


Furthermore, there is no evidence to suggest that the psychological health and emotional well-being of children raised in gay or lesbian households is comprised in any way. Research now existing on the psychological well-being of children raised in such families point to two conclusions (1) little difference exists in the overall mental health of children raised in homosexual households; and () the quality of parenting, not the parents sexual orientation, is the most crucial factor for a child's healthy growth and development (65). Arguably, assertions from the law or otherwise, that the emotional and psychological health of a child who is raised in a homosexual environment are adversely affected, is clearly mistaken.


In conclusion, it is cause for hopefulness that courts, legislatures, and scholars are struggling to devise new doctrines to address the needs of children in families that do not fit the one mother/one father model. The courts now realize that if children can adjust to stepfathers, adoptive fathers, live-in fathers, intermittent fathers and absent fathers, they can adjust to two fathers or two mothers. Thus, as more and more parents are revealing their sexual orientation, it is necessary to eliminate the antiquated stereotypes, fears, taboos and misconceptions that permeate custody and adoption proceeding involving gay and lesbian parents. Instead, homosexual couples must be viewed as having a relationship capable of legal recognition with concomitant legal rights and principles. Once it is recognized that these couples' family interest are essentially identical to those of heterosexual couples, denial of legal protections and rights become objectionable.


BIBLIOGRAPHY


1. Bartlett, Katherine. Rethinking Parenthood as an Exclusive Status. Baltimore Harper, 1-15


. Melton, Rebecca. Legal Rights of Unmarried Heterosexual Couples.


Minneapolis U of Minnesota 10-11


. Bowman, Craig and Blake Cornish. A More Perfect Union. Chicago


Harmondsworth, 1


BIBLIOGRAPHY


1. Bartlett, Katherine. Rethinking Parenthood as an Exclusive Status. Baltimore Harper, 1-15


. Melton, Rebecca. Legal Rights of Unmarried Heterosexual Couples.


Minneapolis U of Minnesota 10-11


. Bowman, Craig and Blake Cornish. A More Perfect Union. Chicago


Harmondsworth, 1


Please note that this sample paper on HOMOSEXUAL ADOPTIONS is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on HOMOSEXUAL ADOPTIONS, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on HOMOSEXUAL ADOPTIONS will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!


Who jounced the limb? In A Seperate Peace by John Knowles

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In the novel by John Knowles, A Separate Peace, guilt plays a very important role in determining whether or not Gene purposely jounced the limb. Either argument is acceptable, but finding the proof is where the hard part starts. Gene had a motive to get Phineas, nicknamed "Finny," out of his way. However, just because this motive existed, Gene did not intentionally jounce the limb.


Gene and Finny were roommates in the boarding school called Devon. Finny was the school athlete sports came naturally to him. He was not at all a good academic student. Gene, on the other hand, was almost the opposite of Finny. His area of achievement was mostly academic, although he was not terrible at sports. Gene began feeling suspicious of Finny when he invited Gene to come to the beach instead of studying. Gene took this offer, and failed the test he was studying for. But this offer would provoke many more feelings of deceit on Gene's behalf.


When Gene was suspicious of Finny, he always thought that he had the upper hand, being that he excelled in academics, not so much in sports but he was acceptable. Finny did not feel this way. When Gene and Finny were on a branch, Finny, closer to the end, to jump off of, the limb was jounced. Gene felt since he was the only other person on the branch that his jealousy had caused him to jounce the limb. Even though he did not jounce the limb purposely, he felt like he had some responsibility in the accident.


The reason that Gene did not jounce the limb purposely is because, first of all, he was not thinking of jouncing the limb when it actually happened, he thought of it after the incident had occurred. This means that he thought that he possibly could have done it. Given the situation, everyone would think this. But since Gene had previously thought Finny was trying to get at him, he thought that in the back of his mind he wanted to get Finny out of the way, so he could be the dominant person in the school.


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Gene feels very guilty about the situation; the two friends fail to acknowledge that it was a possibility that Gene had intentionally jounced the limb. Gene did jounce the limb. He was not in a state of concentration when he did though.


John Knowles never did reveal the real reason that the limb was jounced, but I can tell you one thing, it sure makes for one heck of an English essay (plus 10 points). Gene never did jounce the limb purposely, there is your answer. The proof is astonishing, natural, human, inborn guilt played the role in making the reader think that it was possible that Gene jounced the limb purposely.


Please note that this sample paper on "Who jounced the limb?" In A Seperate Peace by John Knowles is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on "Who jounced the limb?" In A Seperate Peace by John Knowles, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on "Who jounced the limb?" In A Seperate Peace by John Knowles will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!


Reflexology history

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HISTORY Page 1


Feet have an illustrious and intriguing history. People often see their feet as an alien part of their anatomy. They hardly consider the important role these pedal attachments to their body plays but anthropologists regard the foot as the definite human physical feature.


Many years ago, feet were held in high regard. The artist Leonardo da Vinci named the foot 'a masterpiece of engineering and a work of art'. He was far from wrong considering the size of the feet in relation to the body. Feet support the whole body the humble feet are absolutely remarkable. In greek mythology there was referred to the 'Achillis' heel still referred to today as a weak spot. Authors and poets like Shakespeare, Tennyson and Oscar Wilde praised the feet in their works.


ANCIENT HISTORY


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Reflexology is believed to have originated in China 5000 years ago. The oldest documentation depicting the practice of reflexology - a pictograph unearthed in Egypt dated 500 0 BC. This evidence was found in the tomb of an Egyptian physician, Ankmahor, who was believed to be a very influential person second to the king.


EUROPEAN INFLUENCE


Neurological studies done in the 180's by Sir Henry Head of London establish the scientific basis of reflexology. He discovered zones on the skin that became hypersensitive to pressure when an organ connected by nerves to this skin region was diseased. Head established what became known as 'Head's Zones' or zones of hyperalgesia, after years of clinical research.


EUROPEAN INFLUENCE CONTINUE Page


Ivan Pavlov (184-16), a Russian Psychologist, developed the theory of unconditional reflexes stating that there is a simple and direct relationship between a stimulus and a response. He found that any stimulus can act as a conditioning stimulus to get a conditioned response. The Russians presently still pursue the study of reflexology from the physiological and psychological point of view and have found reflexology effectively complement traditional medicine.


AMERICAN INFLUENCE


The founder in zone therapy, Dr William Fitzgerald, graduated in medicine in 185. He practiced in hospitals in Vienna and London. By dividing the body into zones, he established ten equal longitudinal zones running the length of the body from the top of the head to the tip of the toes. The number ten corresponds to the fingers and toes providing a simple numbering system. Each finger and toe falls into one zone. By exerting pressure on a specific part of the body he learned to predict which other parts of the


body would be effected.


The zones are equal in width and extend right through the whole body from back to front.


HISTORY The American influence continue Page


The theory is that parts of the body found within a certain zone will be linked with one another by the energy flow within the zone and can therefore affect one another. Dr Riley, a colleague of Dr Fitzgerald, enthusiastically made detailed diagrams and drawing of reflex points located on the feet.


He added 8 horizontal divisions to Dr Fitzgerald's zones, which also govern the body and published his first book named Zone Therapy Simplified in 11.


The greatest contribution to set modern reflexology on the record was probably made by Riley's Assistant, Eunice Ingham. She should be named the Mother of Modern Reflexology. She charted the feet in relation to the zones and their effects on the rest of the anatomy until she had evolved a 'map' of the entire body, on the feet. Her nephew, Dwight Byers, who often acted as guinea pig in his aunts research, continues her legacy by running the International Institute of Reflexology in Florida.


Zone theory is considered the basis of modern foot reflexology and most reflexologists see it as a useful attribute to their work. However, it is now time to combined the existing knowledge with the ancient Chinese system of meridian therapy to take reflexology a step forward.


Please note that this sample paper on reflexology history is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on reflexology history, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on reflexology history will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!