Cheating spouse (classification)

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Danielle Crawford


English 00


Due June 6, 00


Characteristics of Cheating Spouses


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What are the characteristics of a cheating spouse? In addition, what are the mistakes a cheating spouse commit? Cheating in the Webster dictionary is the act of deceiving. Specifically, cheating spouses fall into four categories the spouse that gets caught but blames it on the other spouse, the spouse that tells the their spouse that they are cheating and expects the other spouse to be okay with the situation, the spouse that stays out all night and comes home with hickies on his/her neck, and finally the spouse that is messing around with someone in the office. All of the cheaters end up getting caught one way or another.


The first category is the spouse that gets caught but blames his/her discretions on the other spouse. This is a classic thought it is not the spouses' fault you made the spouse cheat. The spouse does not want to feel fully responsible for his/her actions, so he/she will give as to hundred and one reasons or excuses on why he/she cheated, so he/she can make the other spouse feel bad and want to take them back.


The Second category, is the spouse that tells their spouse that they are cheating and expects the other spouse to be okay with the situation. He/ she has an arrogant demeanor about his/her self. The spouse feels the other person in the relationship is lucky to be in the relationship. He/she knows the person would not leave the relationship because the spouse knows that their spouse could not find anyone better, so the spouse continues to cheat.


The third category is the spouse that stays out all night and comes home with hickies on his/her neck; smelling like the other person's scent, and tries not to acknowledge that it is there or does not know where it came from. The spouse is obviously too dumb for the spouse own good or just likes to live on the streets.


Final category is, the spouse that is messing around with someone in the office. This is one of the hardest ones to detect, because he/she spends most of their face time with the spouse and the family. The spouse always work a lot of hours, takes really long lunches and a lot of out of state business trips with an opposite sex co-worker. To a spouse, this would look as if their spouse is working hard to make ends meet, but if you look closely, this person is working hard, but not at what we would expect him/her to be doing during work hours.


Not every cheating spouse falls under these categories, but cheating spouses always find new ways to trick their spouses.


All of the spouses in these categories eventually are caught, but there are a few that slip through the cracks. Cheating never makes sense and it always ends up hurting the other spouse. If there is any problems in the marriage, a spouse's need to inform the other spouse and him/her should sit down and make a joint decision if they want to leave or continue with the relationship.


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Starbucks Entering the Brazilian Market

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Starbucks Entering the Brazilian Market


Key Aspects, Country and Company Examples


Jason Jones


College Essays on Starbucks Entering the Brazilian Market


Marc Medina


Elle Peji


University of Phoenix


Roy Peterson


MGT/448


April , 00


Starbucks Entering the Brazilian Market


Key Aspects, Country and Company Examples


Traditional companies and markets are obsolete. The economy is changing. Companies are going global and initiating change in their strategy, culture, structure, and technology. U.S. companies are expanding their presence into different nations. Different nations have different political, economic, and cultural institutions. Hill (000) suggests that there are different strategies when a company pursues international competition. This case study will consider the pros and cons of these strategies and discuss various factors and tactics that affect a company entering a new market. This case study will introduce a country risk analysis for Brazil describing six aspects (1) history, () climate, () culture, (4) political risk, (5) economic and financial risk, and (6) legal risk. Next, the case study illustrates Starbucks Coffee as a new player in the Brazilian market. This case study will define four aspects of the SWOT analysis, discuss their importance, and show their impact on the organization. Next, four key aspects will be described (1) human resources, () legal and ethical issues, () supply chain, and (4) information technology. Finally, specific company examples will be offered to demonstrate how these aspects are practiced at Starbucks.


Country Risk Analysis


Starbucks in Brazil


In order to fairly assess the risk factor of foreign direct investment, several factors are taken into consideration. One of the most crucial aspects of determining risk when entering a foreign market is gaining a clear understanding of who we are, and what is our product is. We have chosen Starbucks as our company and introduce the all around Starbucks product including atmosphere, customer service, taste, touch, aroma, and feel into the Brazilian marketplace. Collectively, we have considered Brazil a moderate risk in our analysis.


Historical Background


Brazil


According to Nations of the World (00), Pedros Alvares Cabral, a Portuguese navigator, was the first European to reach Brazil in 1500. During the next centuries, the Portuguese brought large numbers of slaves to Brazil until slavery was outlawed in 1888. In 18, Brazil proclaimed its independence from Portugal and was ruled by an emperor until 188. In 188, the United States of Brazil became the legal name of the country. This remained the name of the country until 167 when the country was renamed, the Federative Republic of Brazil. The country's capital was moved from Rio de Janeiro to Brasilia. Each of the successive governments pursued industrial and agricultural growth, in addition to, development of the Brazil's interior. This continued exploitation of the country's natural resources, as well as, a large labor force enabled Brazil to become the leading industrial power of Latin America by 170.


According to Nations of the World (00), the current population of Brazil is 176,0,560 with 65. percent of the population between the ages of fifteen and sixty-five. Ethnic groups comprise 55 percent white (included in this group are Portuguese, German, Italian, Spanish, and Polish), 8 percent are mixed black and white, and 6 percent black. Predominantly Roman Catholic (70 percent), the people of Brazil generally speak Portuguese, the official language of the country. Spanish, English, and French are also languages predominantly spoken in Brazil. There are 5 Brazilians per square mile in South America's largest country, which covers over ,65,100 square miles.


According to Nations of the World (00), Brazil is the leading grower of coffee. Starbuck's decision to enter the Brazilian marketplace is based on this and other factors. The prevalence of coffee farming functions as a positive influence on the decision making process. Other demographics of the Brazilian economy include a large producer of textiles, shoes, crude oil, cattle, and the single largest producer of the mineral iron (Nations of the World, 00).


Climate


Brazil


According to Edgar (00), Brazil is more like a continent than a country. Brazil's climate makes it rich in its natural resources. It is geographically larger than the United States. It is the fifth largest nation in physical size and the largest country in Latin America. With ninety percent of its territory lying between the equator and the Tropic of Capricorn, Brazil is the world's largest tropical country. The Amazon region has the world's largest river system. The Amazon is the source of twenty percent of the world's fresh water. Brazil's climate varies from arid scrubland in the interior to the impassable tropical rainforests of the northerly Amazon jungle and the tropical eastern coastal beaches. The south is more temperate. Rainy seasons occur from January to April in the north, April to July in the northeast, and November to March in the Rio/Sao Paulo area. Brazil's various climates have contributed greatly to its economic well being. Its dynamic climate is the cornerstone for its generous crops. Brazil is the world's largest producer of bananas, coffee, and orange juice. It has the world's largest iron mine and vast stores of precious minerals (Edgar, 00).


According to Economy and Energy (00), Brazil derives almost half of its energy from hydropower and biomass. Over 0 percent of the country's electricity comes from hydroelectric plants and about 15 percent of total energy from renewables. Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon has increased percent over the last decade to 18,000 sq. kilometers per year. Deforestation is caused by the developments of highways, settlement programs, government incentives for agriculture, financing of large-scale projects such as hydro dams, and export-oriented companies. This has had a detrimental impact on the forest. It also results in the increase of emissions to the environment and accelerating greenhouse gases. Climate risk factor is low.


Culture


Brazil


According to Executive Planet (00), Portuguese is the dominant language in Brazil. Brazilians have a strong cultural identity. Brazilians do not perceive themselves as Hispanics, and will take offense if addressed in Spanish. In business culture, English is widely spoken. Women business travelers have few problems dealing with male colleagues in Brazil. Business negotiations require several trips to arrive at a satisfactory conclusion. Brazilians have the image that North Americans jump directly to business building relationships of trust. Valuing people and relationships over business is essential. Therefore, changing a negotiating team can jeopardize an entire contract and is a major breach in Brazilian business protocol. Small talk should always precede business talk. Leaving a business meeting as soon as it is over is another offense leaving Brazilians with the impression that they think you have more important things to do. Business cards and presentation materials should be readily available and printed in both Portuguese and English. In Brazil, personality, cultural awareness, and other interpersonal skills will win a Brazilian counterpart over charts, graphs, and other empirical data. Brazilians conduct business only through personal connections. There must be an implicit understanding that the business relationship will be long term.


According to Executive Planet (00), decision-making is hierarchical in Brazilian business culture. Only the highest person in authority makes the final decision. Social class and status are a major influence in Brazilian society and often determine the type of job a person will have. The assumption that the powerful are entitled to special privileges is starting to be questioned.


Official business hours are 80AM to 50PM. Business appointments are generally scheduled from 1000AM to noon, the 00PM to 500PM allowing time for "meio-dia" which is a two to three hour midday break.


According to Executive Planet (00), Brazilians are very personal and close in nature. Brazilians tend to stand very close to each other. Greetings are made with long handshakes and noticeable eye contact. Women most often greet men and women with a touching of the cheeks or a kiss on both cheeks. Frequently touching of the arms, hands, or shoulder occur during conversation. Machismo in Brazil is subtler than other Latin-American countries. It is more important for men to appear self-assured and in control at all times. Women are perceived as equals in business and society. Brazilians are one people, with a single culture. Starbucks has proven a strong ability to adapt to the cultures in which business is conducted making the overall cultural risk factor low.


Political Risk


Brazil


According to Hill (000), when evaluating the international business climate of a particular country, it is critical to review the country's political risk. Gathering political risk data means understanding the country's political history as well as what the future may hold. Furthermore, it is important to determine the likelihood that the existing political structure may cause drastic changes to the business environment. Such changes could have a negative affect on the goals of a business enterprise.


According to Brazil Country Fact Sheet (00), Brazil is a federative republic with a presidential system. The president executes policy approved by the 51-seat Chamber of Deputies and the 81-seat Senate. Constitutional review is by an independent judiciary. Although the president wields considerable power and can resort to temporary decrees to push through legislation, the provisions of the 188 constitution give Congress ample capacity to frustrate the executive. The president is elected for a maximum of two terms of four years each. The Brazilian political system is notable for the fragmented nature of the political parties and the efforts that governments must make to build and maintain workable congressional partnerships. This means that the existing political party will have to work any proposed changes in policy through the political "grinder" in order win approval on even the most basic of issues.


According to the Latin American Monitor (00), a new president, Luiz Inacio "Lula" da Silva was recently elected from the leftist Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), which is the Workers' Party. Investor attitude towards Brazil has noticeably improved since the new government took office in January 00, despite the current economic downturn. This is partly due to promises of reduced inflation, lower interest rates, and lower unemployment.


According to Parmar (00), the burden is on the newly appointed president to maintain a strict fiscal policy while managing the publics' expectations. The most difficult political problem for Brazil at this time is managing expectation. Voters chose Lula because of his promise of more jobs and increased income. However, if he does not deliver on his promises quickly, the Congress and public's support may go elsewhere.


While the overall political outlook looks good for Brazil, the president will be faced with the difficult task of moving quickly to bring noticeable economic growth to the country. If Brazilians do not perceive that change is brought about quickly, this could have a negative impact on future business opportunities. The newly developing political stability in Brazil makes the political risk moderate.


Economic & Financial Risk


Brazil


According to Nations of the World (00), Brazil's economy was one of the largest in the 10's; inflation and devaluation of the real, Brazil's currency, have taken their toll on the economy. The International Monetary Fund approved a $0 billion loan in August of 00 to help boost the economy and decrease the $60 billion debt when the country was close to meltdown. According to the Economist (00), Luiz Inacio "Lula" da Silva, the current president of Brazil, has since been trying to settle the country's finances. A spending squeeze and two rises in interest rates have functioned as attempts to level out the deficit and help control inflation. Additionaly, attempts to increase the nation's trade surplus are measures that will contribute to improving the economy. According to the Economist (00), since January of 00, Brazil's trade surplus has quadrupled to $14.1 billion. The success of these measures could in fact be Brazil's steppingstones on the road to first-world benefits of prosperity and social justice. For Starbucks, the absence of inflation plays as a major determining factor to entering this market. For Starbucks, the ability to source and developing a process to roast coffee in Brazil can essentially have a positive economic impact on the Brazilian economy.


According to the Economist (00), in the early 10's, one in four Brazilians continued to survive on less than $1 per day despite Brazil's economy being one of the largest in the world. Currently .60 real, the currency of Brazil, are equal to one U.S. dollar. One year ago the exchange was .4 real to the dollar. According to the Economist (00), the war with Iraq has been a factor in the recent slip in the value of Brazil's currency. Any sharp devaluation of the real will raise the debt burden of Brazil, regardless of a heightened primary surplus. Thus, the exchange rate for both Starbucks and Brazil becomes a critical factor in the successful fortitude of this global business venture. The overall economic and financial risk factor of Brazil is definitely moderate at this time. As noted above, there is great opportunity for both financial success and economic hardship for the country and Starbucks.


Legal Risk


Brazil


When legal risks in a country are high, an international business might hesitate entering into a long-term contract or joint-venture agreement with firms in that country. This is due to the likelihood that a trading partner will opportunistically break a contract or expropriate property rights. This is not the case with Brazilian Corporate Law.


According to Brazilian Corporate Law (00), Brazilian law provides for several different forms of business venture organization. Most foreign investors doing business in Brazil invest in either a Sociadade por Quotas de Responsabilidade Limitada (SRL) or a Sociedade Anonima, Lei das Sociedades por Acoes (LSA). The quota holders of SRL have ample flexibility to draft provisions into the corporate charter that would elaborate on or modify the otherwise simple structure of an SRL. Indeed quota holders can make the company more like a partnership or a corporation, or something in between. Therefore the charter document of an SRL permits minority quota holders to obtain extensive protection on a negotiated basis.


According to Brazilian Corporate Law (00), the basic statute regulating Sociedades Anonimas is the Brazilian Law of Corporations, LSA, which significantly extended the protection afforded to minority shareholders of both closed and public corporations. Under LSA, public corporations are those with securities authorized to be publicly traded through the Stock Exchange Commission, or in other alternative exchanges markets, such as Mercado de Balcao.


The development of these reforms was part of reconstruction of turmoil and misguided plans with foreign investors. The deposition and determination of the Brazilian government to put aside political interest in favor of sound economic measures is now paying off. Brazilian government has not only accomplished bringing inflation down to record lows, it has put Brazil back on the map of foreign investors, who have been flooding the country with tons of cash.


The question that has been asked by this new reform is, "Is Brazil selling its soul to foreign capitalists? According to Alvim (00), Price Waterhouse was the buyer in 70% of the acquisition deals that took place in the country during the first quarter of this year. Numerous multinational companies already doing business in Brazil can attest to the market's potential.


Some examples of successful performances by foreign investors are, American Phillip Morris, French Rhodia, Korean Samsug, English Glazo Wellcome, Swedish Electrolux and the list goes on and on. The financial sector has also seen an increasing participation of foreign banks, English Lloyds, Spanish Santander, German Dresdner and Hong Kong Shanghai Bank Corporation. Many other institutions await Banco Central's authorization to begin operations in the country (Alvim, 00).


According to Alvim (00), in spite of the risks, analysts believe that the Brazilian economy is on firmer ground now than in the past. As long as the government keeps its consistency and commitment to the economic reforms, Brazil will remain a top choice for foreign investors. Recent research released by Site Selection, the official publication of the International Development Research Council, shows that Brazil is the fifth investment destination recommended by 4 percent of the world's 100 largest corporate advisors. It shadows only to the United States and China, tied in first place, and chosen by 47% of the consultants; Mexico, with 0% and the United Kingdom, with 7%. The Brazilian market is preferred over Malaysia, Thailand, Japan, Canada and Germany (Alvim, 00). From a legal perspective, the risk is low.


SWOT Analysis


According to Mind Tools (00), a SWOT analysis is a very effective way of identifying a company's strengths and weaknesses, and of examining the opportunities and threats faced. Carrying out an analysis using the SWOT framework helps a company focus specific business activities where there is strength and where the greatest opportunities lie. SWOT consists of five basic areas (1) strengths, () weaknesses, () opportunities, (4) threats, and (5) trends. We will discuss the first four key aspects and give specific examples. We will approach the SWOT framework using Starbucks Coffee entering a new market, Brazil.


Strengths


Starbucks


Starbuck's is an organization that is able to bring several strengths to the Brazilian marketplace. Starbucks mostly purchases premium green coffee, certified as Fair Trade Coffee. The Fair Trade Coffee Agreement ensures local farmers receive a guaranteed price for their harvest above the prevailing market price, thus helping to improve their economic stability. Commitment to Origins is Starbuck's strong commitment to coffee producers, their families, communities, and the natural environment to help promote a sustainable social, ecological, and economic model for the production and trade of coffee (Starbucks, 00). This precedence setting commitment sends a strong message to the world economy that Starbucks is committed to preserving the best interest of farmers, the economy, and the environment.


According to Starbucks (00), with nearly 00 coffeehouses in markets outside North America, it is clear that Starbucks passion transcends language and culture. Expertise and experience in entering new markets is another strength that Starbucks brings to the table. Starbucks further magnifies this ongoing business practice by its dedication in supporting communities around the world where Starbucks lives and works, as well as in the origin countries where Starbucks coffees are produced.


Weaknesses


Starbucks


As with any new idea, one must consider both the obvious and the subtle areas of marketing vulnerability. One of the most obvious weaknesses for Starbucks market in Brazil would be that they do not exist. It is the South and Central American countries that provide Starbucks with coffee beans along with all the other specialty coffee companies in the United States. It is understandable that these countries are probably not the most likely for coffee companies, of other countries, to invest in their markets. The fact that there is no research from the Specialty Coffee Association of America, or other coffee companies doing business in Brazil can make it very expensive for Starbucks. A tactic to overcome this is to develop roasting and distribution processes in Brazil to avoid importing and exporting associated costs, thereby reducing costs while continuing the product offering of neighboring countries.


Another weakness for Starbucks is dealing with a country that is very traditional. Researching a countries culture is one of the most important factors before "starting up shop." What is the success rate of any other American beverage product in that country? Like many other South American countries, new products are foreign as well as expensive and Brazilians may not find themselves susceptible to change, or opt to purchase specialty coffees. Extensive and appropriate research that determines the appropriate Brazilian niche can combat this weakness.


Opportunities


Starbucks


It is clear that Starbuck's has been successful in appealing to all five senses of its customers through the enticing aroma of the beans, the rich taste of the coffee, the product displays and attractive artwork adorning the walls, the contemporary music playing in the background, and even the cozy, clean feel of the tables and chairs. Though the startling success is evident, every company has weaknesses when entering a new market. According to its Annual Report (00), Starbucks expanded its international presence by opening 4 new international licensed stores, including the first stores in Austria, Oman, Spain, Germany, Indonesia, Mexico, Puerto Rico and Greece. Net revenues from international customers totaled $458,58,000US.


Starbuck's has identified and created opportunities around the world. Doing business in Brazil requires time and building relationships of trust. Since Brazil manufactures one-third of the world's coffee beans, the supply chain can be shortened. Instead of shipping beans from Brazil and other South and Latin American countries to the United States, Starbucks should build its own roasting plant and distribution facility in Brazil.


Despite it's popularity, coffee is not the most popular beverage of the people. It is Guarana, a beverage produced from dried berries, water, and sugar. Brazilians have historically consumed their coffee, strong, thick, and simple. It will be an opportunity to introduce the various and sweeter tastes of Starbucks various coffee drinks to the Brazilian market. Coffee in Brazil has long been inexpensive and readily available at the price of pennies. Brazilians drink coffee at home, in restaurants, cafes, even in tiny villages. Thousands of coffee vendors line the streets of Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paolo, and other large cities. For example, Starbuck's challenge is to convince an entire market that paying to 4 dollars per cup is normal. Starbuck's must change the Brazilian consumer's perceptions of value. Building brand loyalty and adjusting the pricing structure to align with the culture, especially during the initial product offering, can achieve impact the perception of value.


Regardless of the business, brand loyalty is the fundamental building block to ensure an organization's long-term success. According to Starbuck's Chairman Howard Schultz (00), Starbuck's understands the significance of building brand loyalty. It begins with a commitment to the business philosophy that your customers are precious. Customers are at the heart of the business and winning their loyalty is your first objective. The customers have many choices for beverages and will dictate what they want, why they need it, and how they want to do business with Starbucks. Success can only be gained by listening. Customer loyalty will depend on Starbuck's ability to understand and cater to the needs of the Brazilian people. Brand loyalty will ultimately drive long-term, profitable customer relationships.


Threats


Starbucks


All organizations face threats in the marketplace. Threats and change are two things that can be ultimately relied upon. Some of the most prevalent threats are discussed in more detail below such as finding the right people, overcoming differing legal, cultural, and ethical issues, developing a local production, roasting, and distribution operation. In addition to these threats, there are the aspects of pricing, product offering, and competition. Starbucks must identify a pricing structure that is profitable, differentiates Starbucks from any other cup of coffee, and is still economical in the Brazilian marketplace.


Finding the right unique product offering that is just similar enough to Guarana, the Brazilian drink of choice, is another task at hand to ward off potential threats. One of the last threats to anticipate is competition. Once the Starbucks craze catches on, there is always the potential threat of copycats. Copycats coffee houses are no stranger to Starbucks history. Nonetheless, Starbucks almost always prevails.


Human Resources


Starbucks


In the case of Starbucks, a potential challenge is sourcing, hiring, and training employees to model the Starbuck's genre. There needs to be a synergy of Starbuck's mission and values with Brazilian work ethics, employment laws, culture, and language. It is recommended that key members of Starbucks International operations expatriate to Brazil and work with local legal counsel to create Starbucks University Training Facility, employee handbooks, and ensure compliance with business and employment laws.


According to Country Watch (00), Brazil is ranked number 6 of 174 in on the Human Development Index far ahead of the United States, ranking 117. A notable measure of human development is the Human Development Index (HDI), which is formulated by the United Nations Development Program. The HDI is a composite of several indicators, which measure a countrys achievements in three main arenas of human development longevity, knowledge and education, as well as economic standard of living. This measurement demonstrates the opportunity for sourcing and staffing a native workforce that is appropriate to the Starbuck's culture, yet experts of the Brazilian culture. The true test is to see where the two can mix to create a workforce that can benefit both. Overall, the long-term success of the organization is contingent on Starbuck's commitment of acknowledging people as its greatest asset. Starbuck's goal is to meet and exceed the needs of its Brazilian customers, its Brazilian employees by providing them the overall Starbuck's experience.


Legal and Ethical Issues


Starbucks


Legal and ethical issues are sure to arise that differ from the standards in the United States. Finding ways to conduct business in alignment with these differences will be crucial to Starbuck's ongoing success in Brazil. Some of the legal and ethical issues to consider when conducting business in Brazil are the presence of bribes and government subsidies. In the Brazilian marketplace, it is a common practice to issue and accept bribes in order to continue conducting business. These types of transactions are considered unethical in the United States and in the Starbucks corporate culture. As a result, Starbucks may need to pay higher taxes or expediting fees in order to get the products on time and avoid unethical business practices of bribery until roasting, production, and distribution processes are developed in Brazil.


A current Starbucks business practice is to protect the workers within the coffee industry by setting and adhering to Fair Trade agreements with the organizations and countries in the global coffee marketplace. Subsidies are another trade barrier the Brazilian government could impose which would protect the Brazilian coffee industry and ensure that Starbucks is paying a fixed price in order to acquire, roast, produce, and distribute Brazilian coffee products.


Supply Chain


Starbucks


According to Starbucks (00), the company is committed to sourcing the highest quality coffees from around the world. It searches mountain trails in Indonesia, Kenya, Guatemala, and all over the world for the highest quality Arabica beans. Starbucks requires zero defects in grade, good even color, and consistent bean size. Starbucks has limited their sourcing by applying strict, more environmentally beneficial guidelines to their suppliers. Starbucks has a specific purchasing philosophy. In order to become a Starbucks preferred supplier, these qualifications must be met (1) verifiable quality of product, () minimal environmental impacts, including soil management, water reduction, clean water, forest conservation, use of shade and energy use, and waste management, ( )social conditions, including wages, benefits, health and safety, and living conditions, (4) economical issues, including transparency from supplier to farm level., and (5) price incentives. Starbucks believes that all these criteria are crucial to creating a sustainable coffee production system and improves the coffee market.


According to Starbucks (00), the company participates and encourages the Fair Trade Certified label. Starbucks purchases 5 percent of their coffee directly from farmers and small-scale coffee farming cooperatives while paying higher than prevailing market prices. Its participating farmers democratically run these cooperatives. Starbucks pays an average of $1.0 per pound for green coffee purchased through long-term contracts.


For Brazil, Starbucks should provide incentives to local farmers and cooperatives to grow premium coffee that meets their standards. It has successfully convinced many farmers to do this. According to Hill (000), Starbucks in 1 set a new precedent in the coffee-purchasing world by outbidding European buyers for the exclusive Narino Supremo bean crop.


In Brazil, Starbucks intends to establish a production operation to roast the coffee beans and package the products. Starbucks will seek local suppliers for paper goods and other necessary raw materials. A distribution warehouse will be established to track the supply chain process and distribute its retail locations and new local joint ventures with hotel, airports, and grocery stores.


Information Technology


Starbucks


Advanced technology is essential to the success of collaborative relationships. Starbucks uses the same point-of-sale system in the stores, the manufacturing system, and distribution system. Coffee beans are tracked all the way through the roasting process using a silo management system and production control. The distribution system tracks the roasted beans. And it also tracks receipt in the stores. The point-of-sale system feeds back into the corporate office where a replenishment order is generated. It is a full circle process. According to Starbucks (00), some examples of in-house Information Technology (IT) training are Unix-based systems and software, life cycle methodology, database query tools, and AS/400.


Starbuck's goal is to have an enduring and innovative, state of the art integrated supply chain system that would reduce costs by an undisclosed amount, improve customer service, and maintain consistent quality.


According to HighJump Software (00), Starbucks began using HighJump Software's Internet-based Supply Chain Execution Software solution to automate its product distribution network. This software provides warehouse management and data collection solutions that can be easily and precisely tuned to fit Starbuck's operational needs in its three primary U.S.-based distribution center. We will connect the new Brazil warehouse and distribution center with the same technology to streamline business-to-business transaction in real time.


Starbucks will be in constant communication with Brazilian employees. The latest technologies using the Internet, E-Mail, and Business-to-Business and Business-to-Consumer software will also be implemented. According to Hewlett-Packard (00), Starbucks and Compaq Computer Corporation have a five-year strategic relationship in which Compaq provides the information technology structure and hardware for Starbuck's retail stores and corporate headquarters. Starbucks and Microsoft have created a wireless, high-speed connected internet environment in more than a thousand U.S. locations. This wireless internet service will be made available in all the Brazilian retail locations as well.


Overall Risk Factor


Starbucks in Brazil


Brazil, Vietnam, and Colombia account for more than 50 percent of world exports of green coffee. Starbucks creating a presence in the Brazilian market place is ideal. From a political aspect, the country has renewed leadership strength. Economically, foreign investment is increased. The new president's goals are to keep inflation down and decrease the national deficit. Export is good. The Brazilian Real is low compared to the U.S. dollar. This is advantageous for Starbuck's to fund business growth in Brazil. However, the devaluation of the Real also means that Brazilians will have a difficult time paying premium prices for Starbuck's products. Sourcing beans and raw materials in Brazil will be financially opportune for Starbucks. From an economical and environmental perspective, Starbucks can help Brazilian coffee growers zero in on better premium beans in a ecologically improved environment. From a financial perspective, Starbucks coffee shops are sprouting on every street corner in our part of the world, it is inevitable that it will do the same around the world and especially, in Brazil. These benefits financially outweigh the risks.


Summary and Conclusion


As this case study has shown, the country risk analysis key aspects were described for Brazil (1) history, () climate, () culture, (4) political risk, (5) economic and financial risk, and (6) legal risk. Next, we introduced Starbucks Coffee as a potential new product in the Brazilian market. Starbucks served as an example for a SWOT analysis. Four key aspects of a SWOT analysis were described (1) strengths, () weaknesses, () opportunities, and (4) threats. Finally, Starbucks illustrated the importance of understanding these aspects (1) human resources, () legal and ethical issues, () supply chain, and (4) information technology.


In conclusion, it is our view that introducing Starbucks coffee into a new market, Brazil, would be a difficult challenge. However, it will be a profitable venture. It is our recommendation that Starbucks enter the Brazilian market creating a local roasting and manufacturing plant, a distribution warehouse for all its South American suppliers and distributors, and to open the initial Starbuck's retail locations in Sao Paolo, Rio de Janeiro, and Brasilia.


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Hill, C. (000). International Business Competing in the Global Marketplace (rd ed.). Boston, Massachusetts Irwin Mcgraw-Hill.


Latin America Monitor Brazil Monitor. (00). No Pressure Then. Retrieved March 10, 00, from http//search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=87080&db=buh


Parmar, Arundhati. "Globally, Expect a Mixed Bag Since So Much Depends on U.S.


Marketing News. January 6, 00. 71. Retrieved March 0, 00, from http//search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=8785578&db=f5h


Starbucks Coffee Company Selects HighJump Software Supply Chain Execution Solution to Streamline Product Distribution and Prepare for Future Growth. (00). Retrieved


April 6, 00, from http//www.highjump.com/news/PR00-01--starbucks.asp


Style list for references. (n.d.). Retrieved April 4, 00, from


http//ecen.com/other_is.htm


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http//www.edgar-online.com


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http//www.starbucks.com/aboutus/fy_archive.asp


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http//www.starbucks.com/retail/wireless.asp


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April 1, 00, from http//search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=8847761&db=aph


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Death penalty

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The death penalty is, by far, the worst penalty possible for any crime committed. Most crimes will land a person in jail or prison, but this will take a persons life. This penalty of the law isn't really anything new to people of the United States. The citizens of this country have been putting people to death for many years. From the days of hanging petty thieves, to the present times of sending a convicted felon to the electric chair or the much more painless procedures of the lethal injection. Although this process of elimination of the troubled portion of the human race has been used for so long, it hasn't really been favored by to many people. Some may think that it is the best thing that has ever happened, but then there are those people who think that it shouldn't even be an option that we should be able to turn to. Some people just think that no one person deserves to die no matter what crime that they might have committed, but our justice system here in the United States still seems to look at the issue in a little different perspective. Despite what anyone may say in regards, I believe along with many others that the death penalty should be used and is the only way we will stop the scum of our society from ever committing another crime again.


The death penalty is pretty harsh way of ending someones life, but when a felon is sentenced to death it shows others what may happen if theyre stupid enough to commit the same crime. This deterrence is a pretty logical way to look at the effects that the penalty has on many people. Just think about it If a person saw someone go out and kill someone and then they get put to death in result of the crime, would that make a reasonable person want to go out and kill someone too, seeing what had just happened to the other guy who had done the same thing. The answer is no, and its pretty obvious why. If someone knows that they might be put to death in result of a crime, theyre a lot less likely to follow through with that crime.


The death penalty is a necessary means of punishment. Without this penalty, what happens if a convict lives out his sentence in prison and gets out? Is this person forgiven for their wrongful deeds in the past? These creeps shouldn't be allowed to ever get out of prison or even see daylight again. What if these felons live out their sentences in prison and when they get out, they start killing again? Our justice system doesn't need to give them a second chance and risk more lives that may be taken. There should be no way that a person who kills someone else be allowed to live.


Many people think of the old saying of an eye for an eye when it comes to the punishment of criminals. No mercy should be taken on these guys and they should receive a punishment equivalent to that of the crime that was committed. If someone is caught stealing, then they should lose a hand. In turn, if they kill someone, then they too should be killed. It is just as simple as that and our system needs to keep being tough to crack down on these hardened criminals. Some people don't seem to agree at all with any type of life threatening punishments. Whether its their religion, morals, or just their personal feelings, they don't believe that taking a life is a necessary measure.


Online essay help on Death penalty


One religion that is very much so opposed to the whole idea of the death penalty is the Catholic Church. Due to their beliefs, they don't agree with capital punishment. They have put out many letters stating what they believe, but their efforts have not been taken into consideration. In recent documents the church has said that because other means of protecting society are now available, there is practically no longer any justification for the use of capital punishment (Death Penalty Dilemmas 1).


In some states there are ways to get out of being put to death. Some allow the defense of insanity, and some even accept the defense of mental retardation. There have been many cases in the dealing with different factors of getting out of the death sentence. In one case, a Texas death-row inmate won a stay of execution from the high court after arguing that blacks were systematically excluded from the jury that convicted him (Chipping Away at the Death Penalty 1).


In our war on terrorism, we have had to come to terms with the use of the death penalty. Some countries have suspects from September 11th, but those countries don't believe in the death penalty. These countries, in turn, will not release these suspects to the United States because of our use of the penalty. These countries have agreed to turn these suspects over to the U.S. on one condition and that was if we rule out the use of the death penalty on these criminals. (Schorr 1) Only time will tell if the U.S. will fall for these games of the other nations in our corrupt world.


To some it all up, many people have different outlooks on life. There are many facts that are out there that support our governments use of the penalty. One major advantage to the penalty is the deterrence of others to commit similar crimes. The justice system has proved time and again that capital punishment works. It is the only, for sure, way to keep these creeps from ever killing someone again. Everyone has a different opinion, but mine will not change. I am a strong believer in the death penalty.


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Centenarians in Today's World

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Centenarians in today's world


Longevity and world science


Essay help on Centenarians in Today's World


Introduction Centenarians in today's world


Longevity and world science


Chapter 1 Society and Early life of Iris Scantlebury in


Barbados at the turn of the 0th Century 187-


105


Chapter Childhood and teenage life in Barbados 105-


118


Chapter Iris Scantlebury as a young adult worker and


Homemaker 118-17


Chapter 4 Social and political changes in Barbados 17-


166


Chapter 5 Family life changes 166-000


Chapter 6 A Centenarian's Religion


Chapter 7 The secret of long-life, health and diet systems


Chapter 8 The role of sport and recreation in a


Centenarian's life


Chapter Travel and Education


Chapter 10 Economic, Social and Health Conditions Of Iris


Scantlebury


Summary


Introduction


Centenarians in today's world


Longevity and world science


It is suggested that old age results in withdrawal from the labour force, loss of earnings and therefore decreased income, poverty and economic deprivation on the elderly. On the other hand there is evidence, which supports the alternative view that old age does not necessarily mean economic deprivation. It is argued that there are a non-taxable benefits, social security payments, health insurance, reduced travel cost, family support and so on, which might serve to mediate the economic impact of old age.


As the 1st Century came Barbadians were seeing an increase in the number of females and males centenarians born on the island. At present the oldest centenarian is 10 years old. The majority of today's centenarians still live at home with their families while a small number resides in District Hospitals or private homes in Barbados. When it comes to revealing the secrets of longevity most centenarians summons it up to hard work, a good supply of ground food and the grace of Jesus Christ.


Centenarians over the passed years have contributed earnestly to our society socially, economically, religiously and politically. These outstanding individuals have also worked on our sugar plantations cutting canes, weeding, spraying, dropping manure, haling-canes and fixing plantation equipment. While others went as far as establishing their own businesses as shopkeepers, hawkers, bakers, fishermen and the list goes on. Centenarians have also passed down to our generation "old time" remedies for the common cold to high blood pressure to a small crack under the toe. In addition, "old time" stories about the obeah men and women and ghost stories are stilled being told today as they have been passed on from generation to generation although they have been replaced by Bed Time Story Books such as Jack and Jill, The Three Little Bears and Cinderella to mention a few. Many games such as Pick Ups, Rounder, Marble Punching, Hop Scotch and Ring games like " John Belly Mama", There is a Brown Girl in the Ring", "Find the Leader, Open your window Mrs. Sue have survived and are stilled being played today.


Although many young children are not seen playing these games as in the passed due to the fact that our society have undergone several changes. The invention of Computer games and other technological games are also to blame for such lack of interest in such games. However, we can still see some of these games in our Primary Schools and wider community where the "old time" village life still prevails.


The Government of Barbados alone with the Governor General of the island have recognized the important role which all centenarians have played in the political, social, religious and economic process in the country which is also mention in our National Anthem, "In plenty and in time of need when this fair land was young, Our great forth fathers sowed the seed from which our pride is found". Hence, all centenarians on their Birthday are visited by the Governor General were he or she spends a few hours chatting about the "old time" day while celebrating with family members and close friends on such a happy occasion.


At present they are no books, pamphlets, documentaries or any other source from which the life history of centenarians can be used as research material or for personal pleasure. It must be noted that the life of centenarians and the elderly are adventurous, exciting, unique and full of local history. Many young adults Barbadians do not see the need to communicate with the elderly within their communities because of the impression that they have nothing in common with each other. Sadly enough the elderly within Barbados are often left to live on their own in poverty, abused, abandon in the Queen Elizabeth Hospital or in the District Hospitals on our shores, they


suffer from loneliness, broken hearts, illness, financial difficulty homelessness and mental problems.


As Barbadians we must realized and see the importance of the elderly within our country, for they are the building blocks of Barbados. Therefore, we must respect and care for them, if this is not done we as young people and adults would certainly have no roots or culture to pass on to new generations to come. Therefore, we need to document this rich history of Barbadian village life, wither it is through the means of television, radio or books.


The centenarian whom we would be examining is Mrs. Iris Scantlebury. This short but powerful lady only turned one hundred years on the 5th of September 00, she currently resides at Rock Hall St Lucy in a house which she and her husband Whitfield Da Costa Scantlebury not only built together but also raised their nine children side by side. Mrs. Scantlebury has lots of experience and wisdom to share with fellow Barbadians, her story is just like any other filled with happiness, disappointment, death, pain and many blessings. May her life history inspired and motivate us to be more appreciative of our families and the things we often take for granted in our lives.


Chapter 1


Society and Early life of Iris Scantlebury in Barbados at the turn of the 0th Century 187-105


I Iris Scantlebury was born on the 05th of September 10 to the proud parents of Josephine and Joe Alleyne. My family was made up of three boys and two girls I being the third child. I played a number of games in my early childhood alone with many friends from my neighborhood in Josey Hill St. Lucy such as Catchers and Hide and Seek. As a child attended the St. Clements Elementary School located in Pipe Corner St. Lucy.


Chapter


Childhood and teenage life in Barbados 105-118


I went to work on the Pickering Plantation since my parents could not afford to send me to High School. My sister Lola was a shopkeeper while my last brother did agriculture work, however, my two oldest brothers worked in the Waft packing good into boats that were called Lighters for export. Almost everyone used to walk to town at night it was nuff laughter as we talk to keep each other company, sometimes ghost and obeah stories were told and children used to be frighten. If on the way to town and you got sleepy people use to stop and sleep in the cuscus grass on the side of the roads.


Chapter


Iris Scantlebury as a young adult worker and Homemaker 118-17


I always loved children and I born my first child at a very young age, I called her Carmine. I worked at the Pickering Plantation located in the Parish of St. Lucy; I often walk to work and took the shortest route through Rock Hall gully. Carmine's father named was Torrid and he had lost his life in the prime of his youth as a result of the quarry in which he worked cave in without any warning and took his life. I was devastated by his passing and know had to work extra hard since I was the only person to support my child. With time my heart healed form my lost and I became close friends and then lovers with another gentlemen, his name was Mr. Whitfield DaCosta Scantlebury who arrived from St. Peter in an area called Nichol's, he too worked as an Agricultural worker at the Pickering Plantation.


As the years passed Whitfield and I were the proud parents of Conrad, Ralph, Keith, Arlic, Selwyn, Yourlene and Norma Alleyne, after the birth of my last child Norma we both decided to get married. Our wedding was held at the St. Lucy's Parish Church located in St. Lucy. My husband and I both worked hard on the plantation in order to provide food for the family, things were hard in those day, people today work for two to three hundred dollars but my wages were only 6 cents a day, and this had to run my house, buy food, and support my children. I was an excellent cook cause I learn from my mother Josephine and her mother, I used to cook all sorts of food never pick out anything, want ever I cook was ate. Some of these dishes were breadfruit, salt beef, yams, eddoes, conkies, bakes, muffins, green banana, beef tough, cocoa, corn meal dumplings and green peas cook up in rice. We had no modern beds to sleep on, I use to send my children out in pasture or gully to cut cuscus grass, which was later, dried and stuffed into cocas bags to make beds to sleep on. Children will always be children and urinate on their beds this was a common trend in those days and many insects were harvested in these beds giving off a bad odor. At Christmas time now Barbadians paint their homes, buy tiles, carpet, new curtains, ham, turkey and a wide variety of drinks. However, Christmas for me was quit different than the way it is celebrate today. I remembers I used to send my children to pick tall grass from the pasture or gully behind my chattel house, I made it into a brome to sweep and crown web the house while straw bromes were used for the yard, this was home made by bundling together the grass and tying with three strings at separate areas. The straw broom was made from dried coconut stems and a mackerel tin that was place at the top, people also made them to sell. We did this because we could not afford the type of bromes we use today or tooth brush, toothpaste or deodorants instill we substitute toothbrushes for coconut husk; toothpaste for blue soap and deodorant was powder or nothing at all.


Paint was expensive and me and my husband used white marl and mix it with water to create the appearance of snow at the front of the house, on Christmas day men from the nearby villages would visit everyone's home singing Christmas song while playing the drum, steel pan, flute or cymbal, after which a small monetary contribution was collected.


Chapter 4


Social and political changes in


Barbados 17-166


Within the Barbadian Society leading up 17 white individuals on the island discriminated against black people even though slavery had been abolished some years ago. Whites more than blacks established themselves socially and politically, in essence white people had the power to treat blacks and poor whites as they chose. The majority of blacks like myself worked on low income jobs, worked long hours, never received any compensation of any kind for illness or injuries on the job and workers were hired and fired at any time by those in authority. Whenever I was pregnant I used worked to I deliver my child and was back out to work within a matter of days.


These problems came about because whites had all the power, blacks could not vote in any elections and we did not have a trade union to right for our rights. Families during this period were quite large some families included up to twelve to seventeen children in one household. Parents working for low wages found it difficult to make ends meet during this time. Living conditions were deplorable; diseases such as malaria, yellow fever and small pox were extensive on the island and claimed the lives both adults and small children as seen in some our cemeteries across our twelve parishes.


I knew that in order to keep food on the table men often stole ground provisions from nearby plantations at night, often they were shot at by the overseer and if caught the police was called in. In the case of women the overseer often asked for sexual favors in return for freedom and the stolen food, if by chance a woman objected to such advances the police would be further used as a treat. As a result, many wives bourn children who were not their husbands or boyfriends, this further led to the break up of relationships and some marriages in my district.


Communities in Barbados, were as violent as today's society which is filled with kidnappings, murders, guns, knifes, drugs and bad behave children. Each individual were their brothers and sister's keepers, a community were everyone looked out for the other person. Men used to fit with their fist or maybe a rock or two mostly over women at dances, many village fights broke out at the stand pipes were women, men and children went to catch water. Someone would wait until someone's bucket is filled and processed to put the bucket on their heads, then someone else would gave that person a push and all the water would fall to the ground and that person would then have to stand up and wait his or her turned again. People also quarried over whose bucket were at the pipe first. Those were the good old days, filled with laughter and fun. Young people today do not know what is respect, if your mother and I were not on speaking terms your child still had to speak to me and my child to you, and if by chance my child passed you and did not speak you were in title to gave him or her a skin of licks and when they arrived home I would then gave a fresh set of licks also because someone would have told me what my child did wrong. Today it is a different story some parents have their children spoiled, indiscipline and graduate them into men and women before their time.


Communities backs then were quit safe to life in and walk around, the doors of houses and windows were never locked but always starring open. I remember on many occasions when I left my windows and doors open to go by the village shop or to walk down "Balls" to catch water or visit" Over Gully" to wash my clothes.


Blacks and especially in my community were so poor that many children did not attend school since their parent cold not offered to send them, others who got the chance attended what was called Elementary Schools up to the age of fourteen or maybe earlier depending on your families financial situation. The uniform for school was either khaki or flower bag pants and shirt, no shoes were worn and only wealth families like the Greaves, Ward's and Campbell's worn shoes, proper khaki uniforms and were the ones who had lunch money and a full lunch since these families had servants to tend to their needs.


My children attended the Mesh House School, and lunch was mainly stew potatoes, bakes, muffins, lemonade and water that I prepared. Me our my husband could not afford to send our children to High School and between the ages of ten and fourteen my children went to work in the positions of Agriculturalist, Domestics and Shop Attendants.


Children were often sent to learn varies trade such as masonry, carpentry, boat building, welding or domestic worked, this extra income although small still contributed to the house hold, will other stayed at home to take care of younger siblings as their parents went to work.


In addition, only parents who were well off could afford to keep their children in school after Elementary School High School was the next level and this included schools like Harrison Colleges, Queen's College, The Lynch School and Modern High School.


Barbados political parties had severe franchise restrictions, which retarded the development of political parties. The first party on the island can be regarded as the Democratic League formed by Dr. Charles Duncan O'Neal in 14. Other parties were the 'conservative' and the 'liberals' who represented vested interest and workers had soon form. The vast majority of successful candidates were always 'conservative', but in the 17 elections the 'liberals' were successful in electing out the 4 members of the Assembly.


The 17 disturbances marked a political awakening of Barbadians generally, and the following year the Barbados Progressive League was formally launched by some past members of the Democratic League. Grantley Adams was Vice-President the first year and its President soon after. By the early 140s, the League was divided into three sections two of which were the Barbados Workers' Union and the Barbados Labour Party (B.L.P.) with Adams as Chairman of both. The lowering of franchise requirements in 14 greatly expanded the number of eligible voters, and it was followed by the formation of two new political parties, namely, the Electors' Association and the West Indian National Congress Party.


The strength of the three existing parties was about equal, but in 148 elections the B.L.P. returned 1 of the 4 members of the Assembly, the Electors' Association , and the Congress Party . The introduction of universal adult suffrage in 150 triple the electorate and produced completely different results in the 151 elections the B.L.P returned 16 members, the Electors' Association 4, the Congress Party and the Independents.


In May 155, the newly organized Democratic Labour Party was officially launched by Cameron Tudor and Errol Barrow (previously of the B.L.P). As


well as O. T. Allder. They were joined by the elected members of the Congress Party shortly before the 156 elections but the D.L.P. won only 4 seats to the B.L.P.'s 15. Will in the 161 elections the D.L.P.won 14 seats to the B.L.P.'s 5.


Barbadians now saw the existence of co-operatives, credit unions, and burial societies during this time. In 16 education became free to all nationals attending government institutions. Recently the system has been extended to include lunch for $1.00 a week at primary schools, a textbook loan scheme, income tax, and allowances on uniform and subsided bus fares. Pre-school or nursery education, secondary modern schools emerged in the last three decades with the opening of St Leonard's Boy's and Girls (15) Princess Margaret and West St Joseph (155) Parkinson (160) Springer Memorial (164) St Elizabeth's and Ellersile (166) St Lucy Secondary (171) and lastly St George Secondary (17).


Person who wanted to earn certificates or diplomas institutions such as Home Craft Centers (145) and the Evening Institution in (148) The Community College (16) Hotel School (164) and the Samuel Jackson Polytechnic (170). Tertiary education was offered by the University College in 16 at Harbor Road (Martin 166), which was moved to Cave Hill, there was also Codrington College as well. Therefore, barbarians had the opportunity to acquired education at its highest level and it was largely the work of the Barbados Democratic Labour Party, which was lead by Errol Barrow. Barbados requested Independence from the British Government in 165 after much consideration this request was granted officially on the 0th of November 166.


Chapter 5


Family life changes 166-000


My family went through tremendous changes between 166 and the year 000. My daughter Yourlene jaw tooth was growing down on her nerves in the jaw bone, eventually this tooth was extracted but it was too late Cancer had already develop and soon spread to the jaw bone. Doctors at the Hospital made the decision to removed this side of the jaw bone and in order to gave her face shape Doctors used bolts and screws to solve the problem, after a while were these bolts and screws were located began to juice the Cancer had taken over the face. At the age of 5 my daughter Yourlene Alleyne passed away at the District Hospital located in St. Lucy, she left one son and two daughters behind one of which was a little baby girl. This family tragedy made live very difficult not only for the family but more so for me since this would have been the second person that I was close to who died.


In time my family heal and recovered from there lost, my daughter Carmen and Arlic moved to the United States in search for a better life and found jobs as domestics. Even know I still miss them a great deal and look forward to any phone calls, postcards or visits to Barbados by them. Arlect left her daughter Donna to be taken care of by me in Barbados.


My husband Whitfield DaCosta Alleyne suffered from high blood pressure which eventually took his life at the age of sixty-six in the year 166. I remember that day since it was the day I lost my beloved husband, it was a Sunday afternoon about 00 o'clock when he took ill Ralph, Conrad, Keith and Norma were at his bedside will my son Selwyn was summons by Yourlene boyfriend Herald to returned to the Hospital as soon as possible. It seemed to me that Whitfield was only waiting for his last son to arrive so that he could speak his dying words. When Selwyn came he went straight to his father bedside by this time everyone had assemble round the bed where Whitfield laid, as Selwyn sat on the bed while holding his fathers hands he slowly whisper, "Selwyn don't forget Iris gave her some of what ever you have", he later passed away and Funeral arrangements were soon organized. The turnout was handle by Fred Greaves who owned Greaves Funeral Home and was the brother of son Selwyn's girlfriend Annetta; he took the body to the Funeral Home in Church Hill St Lucy. Selwyn went on Monday to the Funeral Home to help dress his father who was later buried in the afternoon at the St Lucy's Parish Church.


As the years passed my children moved away from their home in Rock Hall, Ralph moved to Hope Road, Conrad to Allendale, Selwyn to Jemmott's, Keith to Durham's and Norma remained at home along with Yourlene three children, Donna joined her mother Arlic in the United States soon afterwards. Today, both grandchildren and greatgrand childrens lives near me since all of my children remained in the parish of St Lucy.


On Thursday 5th of September 00 at ten o'clock in the morning my birthday party was held at my youngest son Keith's home in Durham's St. Lucy, celebrations started as family and close friend from all over the twelve parishes on the island joined together to celebrate the life of a friend, mother, grandmother, and great grandmother. Father Goodridge who is my present Reverent started the ceremony with a prayer; the St. Lucy's Parish Church choir was specially invited later presented me with Special music and service. A short sermon was delivered by the Reverent, which told the congregation about my character and the gratitude towards God for awarding me this wonderful achievement in my life.


The Governor General of Barbados Sir. Clifford Husbands was also present, and took part in the celebrations by making a speech and giving a toast to me. As the hours passed more guest arrived and the Advocate Newspaper journalist was also present and chatted with me, more and more fruit baskets, bottles of wines, postcard in their envelopes unopened, and other gifts wraped neatly in their gift papers were placed on the tables and in one of the bedrooms, while the telephone seem not to stop from ringing.


On this memorable day I was quit tried after such excitement but was stilled happy that I reached the age of one hundred years surrounded by four generations of grandchildren and seven surviving children out of nine. I am not able to read my bible as I used to in the passed but I continue to sing some of the hymns I can remember as part of my worship at home.


At least ones every month I look forward to the visit of my Reverend Father Goodridge, who gives me worship and communion services while spending a few hours talking mostly about my health. I openly thank God everyday for sparing my life so that I can see another day.


Chapter 6


A Centenarian's Religion


From the time I was a little girl my mother use to carried us to church services with us. And as a result religion has also been part of my life. I attended the St. Lucy's Parish Church from a little girl up to my old age. I have also tried to encourage all my children to worship God.


In my old age I still tries to worship God and I praise him everyday for what he has done for me. I take my religion seriously because of the goodness that God has done for me and my family, if it was not for him I do not know what would have happen to me.


Chapter 7


The secret of long-life, health and


Diet systems


I believe that I have gained long-life as a result of the hard and long hours I work on the plantation, raising eight children and keeping up with them, a good supply of ground food (yams, green banana,) and the goodness of Jesus Christ whom I has served for the majority of my life. My favorite foods and drinks in my old age is rice and chicken, corn meal cocoa and I like orange juice, lucazade, mauby and seldom a glass of wine or brandy to thin out the blood. My health has not been too good as I came closer to one hundred years. I have high blood pressure, which is monitor by medication. My three sons are all diabetics but she has not been grace with this illness as yet.


A few years ago I had a touch of Shingles but has since gotten over such sickness. The family started to give up hope since I was very ill but I told them that God had other plans for me, he wanted me to be one of the ones to reach one hundred.


Today I cannot walk around as I used to between her early seventies and nineties, I have arthritis and sometimes my feet are swollen and hurt terribly. Likewise, I still gave praises and honor to God for not forsaken me, and giving me the chance to reach one hundred, an age which many individuals will not reach.


If people want to live long you need to eat plenty of ground foods and cut out the junk foods and fast foods. People need to cook food at home and not eat the ready cook foods that you put in the microwave. We old people never had anything so, and we could not afford fancy foods to cook but our parents still made sure we had food to eat such as soup with corn meal dumplings, breadfruit, bakes and salt fish and cocoa.


Chapter 8


The role of sport and recreation in a


Centenarian's life


Sports and Recreation for me was working on the sugar cane fields haling canes unto the trucks, weeding grass around the crops such as eddoes, yams and sweet potatoes. I find peace and rest relaxing at home with my family while remembering the good old days. Since worshiping God at my church is no longer possible due to my limited movement and arthritis in my legs I still finds joy in praising my creator by sing song of praise and adoration, in earlier year I used to read bible tract that were post in from the United States of America my daughter Arlect and listen to the Radio Fusing program on VOB which have since been abandon.


In my early nineties I could stilled be seen walking strong around the house and to the top of my gap every morning. I also took the hoe and cutlass from my shed and weed the grass around the house. Even more amazing was the fact that I continued to baby-sit my daughter's grandchildren and great grand's, while making formula and changing diapers. I believes that the majority of my young years were spend in recreation, as I often used to walk from St Lucy to Bridgetown to take clothes and food for my brothers who worked packing goods on board ships in the Waft. Picnicking was the sport and recreation of the Barbadian society as hundred of pincers would turn out in their numbers from the east, west, south and north of the island dress in their finest clothing, at that time up to sixty-six buses meant in King George Memorial Park in St. Philip. Music was licking down, people were dancing and having a good time, food was plentiful and of different variety; fried chicken, rice and peas, gravy, lamb stew, puddings, cakes, bottles of brown rum and, whisk were on the menu for the day. Today as I reached my one hundred mark I is not as strong as she used to and her sport and recreation have been limited, but I still have a strong voice and I listen to Christian radio station while watching the Young and Restless, Bold and the Beautiful and my favorite television shown Days of Our Lives, for a lady of my age I can still explained or filled anyone in on the actors and the picture itself. Two of my brothers departed at the harbor bound for Cuba and Panama to work, but up to know I have not heard a word or received a letter from them but believe they are all dead by know and may have left family behind.


Chapter


Travel and Education


I got the opportunity of my life when my daughter Arlect sent an airline ticket for her to join her in the Unite States of America for one month. I had never ever travel on a plane before and was quit frighten at the though of flying so high in the sky but at the same time I was looking forward for such a one in a lifetime experience. As I made her way to the States I vividly remembers the bright lights of the City and my granddaughter Donna placing a jacket around my shoulders at the J.F Kennedy Airport. Every morning breakfast was made for me and sometimes consisted of; eggs, bacons, toast, tea, coffee, corn flasks and orange juice were some of her favorite foods. I went shopping in Queens, Brooklyn, and New York and meant some of my daughter and granddaughter's friends. I also remember visiting the Twin Towers which were destroyed by terrorist earlier this year, I remember that my head began to spin from the height, it was a beautiful scene as you look around New York, it was something which one would always remember even if they are gone.


In terms of my education I did not go one to finish my learning but thank God that I can read, write and count on my own. My parents were poor but we still turn out ok, it does not matter how poor you are but if you believe in God and have dreams he will help you to accomplish them.


Chapter 10


Economic, Social & Health Conditions Of Iris Scantlebury


As the bible says the root of money is wickedness, I have never worked for any lot of money in my lift time; the most money I am getting now would be my pension. I do not have much of it but I make do with what I have. I do not get any money to spend really since I do not go to the store or shopping anymore, I am an old woman now so I do not have much need to spend money. However, I still keep a few changes in my purse to send for anything I may need from the shop. My daughter's oversees always send back or bring hats, dresses, under pants, wigs, anything they think I may need. My daughter even sent up a wheel chair and walker for me. My granddaughter buys the other items I need with my old age pension.


In my old age I have benefited from the old age pension, which I receive every month, when I used to catch the bus to go to the Doctor or Speighstown I ride on the transport bus for free. From the time I came alone knew about the Welfare Department. In my time they was a district hospital in St. Lucy near to River Bay and women used to go there to have babies we used to called it the Almshouse, but have change to a place which take cares of the elderly. I know of nurse who came and take care of the elderly and one used to come and check up one me too.


My son Keith prepares my food, during the week and my daughter Norma and her daughter Betty give me breakfast on mornings and food on weekends, I am not able to cook anymore. Any vegetables is usually pumpkin, okras, yam that I eat, I am not so keen, one the other types of vegetables now. I usually use Complain, barley, oaths and saga porridge to drink and it keeps me full during the day.


I was forced to retired earlier than I wanted to, I was always sick with high fever after all my children were born, doctors could not help cure me, my son Selwyn went out to work picking pound grass to get money to feed the family while my husband continue to work as usual.


My daughter Norma, her daughter Betty who is the head of the family and her two daughters live in my house, which my husband and me built together. It has two bedrooms, a kitchen, living room and a dining room. It need the roof changing and my son Selwyn and his son Rally came and change it for me cause the house was getting wet when the rain fall. The toilet, bath and pipe are outside of the house.


In my younger years I used to cook on wood and used kerosene oil, up to today which my daughter Norma still sometimes cook on kerosene oil stove. My granddaughter Betty brought a fridge, gas stove, television, video, radio, telephone, furniture's and carpet to petty up the house.


Some old people do not have anyone to take care of them, they are lonely, family members put them in homes for someone else to take care of them and they need someone to talk to them. Sometimes I feel lonely when I am home by myself.


In my younger years I had a number of friend all over this country but as you go your separate ways one tends to lose contact with each other. As a young woman I also used to keep company with the older women because I realized that they had lost of wisdom and understanding which could guild me in my life and training my children. I believed I had friends from all over Barbados, in my older years I used to run into them in Speighstown or one of their children who I ask to say hello for me. My grand children as comes home and sometimes say that I saw X or Y this place and they say hello. Some come once in a while to visit me at my home in Rock Hall. At my one-hundredth-birthday party were friends that I have not seen in years but they still remember me all these years and wanted to celebrate with me. Other friends have passed away a long time ago.


My neighbours are my granddaughter Alison, her two children, Fredrick, Quering, the Babb's, Hinds and Lettuce. All my neighbours and I speak to each other, they come and visit me sometimes. The members of the Chance Hall Seventh-day Adventist Church also come to visit me and give me service and food hampers sometimes.


People often called me a senior citizen, old girl, old, and moms. I do not mind people calling me these names I am proud to reach such an age. Young people sometimes don't want to listen to old people they feel they know all about life, but old people have experience which younger people don't have.


I do not see my other children often, but I see my son Keith almost everyday, the others in America usually call on Mothers Day, Easter, Christmas and one my Birthday. My daughter Arlect comes back every year now, this is years that I have not seen my daughter Carmen; her daughters visit me when they come on holiday. They write letters, send postcards, phone and send money for me. I do not hear from my sister Laya or from my other brothers who went to Cuba, the rest arte dead.


I visit my doctor every month, if I am really ill she comes and visit me at home. My doctor is a private one and my pension helps to pay my medical bills, and I am presently on medication by my doctor. My granddaughter gives me the tablets to take.


Sometimes my memory goes and comes, I use to have a big appetite but I hardly eat food know, my eyes are not too good either but I can still see, they run water, I can hear fairly well. I usually sleep during the day but some time I am restless during the night.


I am old and all I am looking forward to is to see my heavenly father, I am not afraid of death, I have serve the Lord all my days and I kept trusting in him. I have enough money to bury me, I made sure I safe something, and I don't have a will made out.


I don't see my grandchildren too often; some come and visit me, ask for me and call on the telephone to see how I am doing. I saw the majority of them at my one hundred-birthday party last September. We all get alone well and they have behaved themselves and kept out of trouble.


SUMMARY


Barbados will continue to be bless with it's elderly population living long enough to be called centenarians as a result of a excellent health care system, the monthly pension which is provided by the government, the survival of the extended family and the varies homes on the island who cater to the elderly.


Iris Scantlebury, have seen both good and bad in her life as she develop and travel through the path from childhood unto adulthood, she has seen and experience what it is to be poor and the many changes which our society have undergone since 10.


With the pension that she receives from the government and the finical assistance that her family makes available Iris has been able to life a life without poverty since all her needs finically, spiritual, socially and mentally are being meant. Although most of my friends are dead I still have a few remaining, my neighbours and their children get on well with each other. My children and grand children visit me once in a way and the majority does not live two far from me, while, my children overseas call me or send post cards for special occasions.


Iris has know reached her final stage in life as an elderly person and have prepared herself mentally and physically for her father Jesus Christ if he should come at anytime or call her to eternal rest, may her life story touch our hearts and motivate us to treat the elderly with love and care as we too will get old someday.


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Death of a Salesman

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Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman is a tragic play about an aging and struggling salesman, Willy Loman, and his family's misguided perception of success. In Willy's mind, being well-liked is more important than anything else, and is the means to achieving success. He teaches this flawed idea to his sons, Biff and Happy, and is faithfully supported by his wife Linda. Linda sympathizes with Willy's situation, knowing that his time as an important salesman has passed. Biff and Happy hold their father to impossibly high standards, and he tries his best to live up to them. This causes Willy to deny the painful reality that he has not achieved anything of real value. Willy's obsession with a false dream results in his losing touch with reality and with himself.


Many times during the play, Willy drifts in and out of flashbacks. Most of these occur during the period when Biff was in high school, and foreshadow the events of the present. For instance, in one of the flashbacks, Biff "borrows" a football from the locker room, and is told by Willy, "Coach'll probably congratulate you on your initiative." Obviously, Willy rationalizes Biff's behavior in addition to his own. In the same flashback, Willy asks Biff, "What do they say about you in school, now that they made you captain?" Willy proudly hears that Biff has a crowd of followers in the halls between classes, and is well on his way to becoming well-liked and successful. The reason Willy tries to maintain the guise of success is to not disappoint his boys who admire him. He wants the best for Biff and Happy; deep down, he hopes that their lives will be better than his.


During the play, Willy loses touch with himself, evidenced by his numerous contradictions. In one scene, he mentions that Chevrolet is "the greatest car ever built," only to say later that "they ought to prohibit the manufacture of that car." Willy is an elderly man, his mind is slowing, and he has trouble remembering what he truly believes. When he does have moments of heartbreaking clarity, Linda does her best to buoy his spirits. Willy painfully realizes that people do not seem to like him very much, but Linda reassures that he will do better next time. Later, Linda calls Willy "the handsomest man in the world." While Linda probably thinks that she is helping Willy by comforting him, she is actually enabling him to continue his self-delusions. Willy needs someone to stir him from his illusion, not someone to reaffirm his beliefs. The idea of the American dream is a significant part of the play. Unfortunately, Willy sees only a portion of the picture-- the superficial part. Personality and charisma are important, but hard work, determination, and ethics are more essential. Willy views his life as a childish popularity contest; the one with the most friends wins. His immaturity is most clearly demonstrated in a flashback in which Bernard warns that Biff had better study so he doesn't flunk math, and Willy dismisses Bernard a nerd. However, as Willy finds out, the quest of being liked by everyone is futile and will never bring true happiness. One of the most humiliating insults was that Willy was fired from his job by his boss, Howard-- whom Willy had named when Howard was an infant. Because appearance and popularity are so vital to Willy, he feels utterly disgraced when he is dismissed by a man half his age.


Willy's sons, Biff and Happy, are also failures. Biff is a thirty-four-year-old man whose favorite memories are from his days as a high school football player. He inexplicably ignored a football scholarship from the University of Virginia, and has not been able to find himself since. Willy cannot understand how everything could have gone so wrong for Biff, who had just come back from a ranch in the West. Willy believes that he has taught him the way to be successful, when really he did nothing but rationalize and condone harmful activities. "I never told him anything but decent things," Willy laments. Like his brother, Happy is also misguided. He grew up in the shadow of his brother, and attempts to mask his self-esteem issues by surrounding himself with women. He has sordid sexual affairs with the wives of executives at his company, and hates himself for it. After his father commits suicide, he tries to carry on Willy's unrealistic notions of success.


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Reality, in the play, is represented by the character of Charley, the Loman's neighbor. He is Willy's only friend, and offers him a job when the old salesman is fired. Willy's egotism gets in the way, however, and he cannot bring himself to work for Charley, since this would be admitting failure. Charley symbolizes reality-- a reality that Willy never acknowledges.


Death of a Salesman is one of America's most tragic plays, because it tells of disappointment, failure, and death. Ultimately, Willy wastes his adult years trying-- unsuccessfully-- to prove his worth. He has a misguided philosophy that he passes on to his two children, and can no longer distinguish between reality and illusion. The story of Willy Loman will remain popular because it serves as a warning to all: the question to be asked upon retiring from an occupation is not, "What does the person know?" but rather, "What has the person become?"


Please note that this sample paper on Death of a Salesman is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Death of a Salesman, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Death of a Salesman will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!