Smoke Signals

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This movie has all the necessary ingredients of a classic road movie, the long trip that turns into as much of a philosophical journey as a physical one, the oddball characters encountered along the way, and the everything-will-be-alright ending. But the foundation of Smoke Signals is the central figures of Victor Joseph and Thomas Builds-the-Fire, two natives of the Coeur dAlene Reservation in Idaho. I would not say that Victor and Thomas aren't exactly friends, but they have known each other since childhood and they share a link. At a drunken Fourth of July celebration in 176, Arnold Joseph, Victors father, accidentally set fire to a house killing everyone trapped inside. However, Arnold did manage to save his son and the infant Thomas from the blaze.

The movie is narrated by Thomas, who has become a devout believer in spirits. He waits patiently for visions and enjoys stories of both fact and fiction. Yet,

he is also a bit of a nerd who spends too much time watching Indians on television and Dances With Wolves. Nonetheless, Thomas who was raised by his grandmother continues to worship Arnold even though Arnold left the reservation for a life in Phoenix when Thomas and Victor were only 1 years old. But Victor fumes with hostility toward his father for abandoning him and his mother Arlene. The boyhood scenes of Victor and Arnold show a man who loves his son dearly but who is also clearly possessed by his own demons. One minute Arnold is happily telling stories to his son, drinking his beer as they drive home, the next hes slapping Victor's head for knocking over the bottle. Victor responds by alternately showing love and rage for his confused and violent father.

Now in his twenties, Victor is a quiet young man, still as a rock. After Arlene receives a call from Phoenix informing her that Arnold has passed away, Victor is sent to retrieve the possessions of this man who has caused him such pain. Thomas winds up tagging along for the ride, since hes got the money to get the two of them all the way from Idaho to Arnolds trailer in Arizona.

Along the way, they teach each other life lessons. Thomas, through his storytelling shows Victor that theres more to life than cynicism and pent-up anger. Victor, in turn, lets Thomas know what it means to be a real Indian. In my favorite scene, Victor has these words of advice, Indians aint supposed to smile. Get stoic. If you dont look mean, white people wont respect you. This shows the inside struggle Victor faces about being an Indian in a white man's world. A few scenes later, when two obnoxious white men steal their seats, Victor and Thomas dont fight them but retire to the back of the bus, where they wage warfare by singing a rude anthem devoted to John Waynes teeth. For Thomas, the trip from Idaho to Arizona means an opportunity to come to grips with his ancestry. For Victor, its a chance to forgive his estranged father in death. For me, it offers the prospect of seeing beyond the stereotypes that plague Native Americans in all films.

The many characters the two meet along the way provide good comedic and dramatic support. Theres a radio traffic reporter who sits at a deserted intersection and reports about who occasionally passes by, what speed theyre going, and whether theyre likely to be late for work. The two women who offer Victor and Joseph a ride is driving the car backwards, which I believe is supposed to represent the direction the Indian culture is heading, backward. The young Indian lady, Suzy Song who has been saving Arnolds ashes. Suzy is a modern, professional woman living and working on the reservation who befriends Arnold in the last years of his life. When he dies, her mourning keeps her from returning to work for a month. There is also a small-town sheriff who is not as prejudiced as he first seems.

I enjoyed the ending when Victor finally came to terms with his father. He forgave Arnold for the past and seemed to make a good friend with Thomas for the future.

My reaction to Smoke Signals is that it was a decent movie. It is not a film I would normally have rented, let alone pay $7.00 to see in a theater.

It is very much a dialogue movie, as was Pulp Fiction, but it lacked any of the action I crave. The comedic moments in Smoke Signals were very light and did not make me laugh, which left nothing else except plain drama. Overall, my rating of this film is /.

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Buisness Economics

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Economic Indicators

Unemployment Rate An unemployment rate is the rate/number of unemployed people in a region/country.

The unemployment rate is measured by seeing how many people are unemployed out of the total population. However in some small country towns there maybe 50% of the people unemployed where as, in a city like Melbourne the unemployment rate may be 10%. This goes to show that certain areas may vary quite dramatically but the country as a whole stays between 5 and 10 percent.

The unemployment rate in December 00 was at 6.%. This is quite good compared to ten years ago in December 1 when the unemployment rate was at 10.%. Though it has been down to 5.4% in June 181 it has seemed to vary between, 0.04% and % each year. A reason for Australia's 10.% unemployment rate in 1 may have been that companies in Australia were closing down; another may be that Australia was importing their goods from other countries rather than buying Australian owned goods. In 181 when the unemployment rate was down to 5.4% it may have been because there were less people living in Australia. There were more people aged between 0-50 than the children and elderly. The wage for the dole may have been lower meaning more people were trying to find work rather than sitting back and getting their wage off the government. The current unemployment rate implies that Australia's businesses have grown or that more people are eager to find work

College papers on Buisness Economics

Interest Rate The money paid for the use of money. If the interest rate was at 5% p.a. over one year for a $100 loan the money paid in interest would be $5.

The interest rate is measured by; Australia borrows money from overseas so in order to get that money back they make citizens pay interest on borrowed money. The government gives the banks a certain rate and then the banks raise that price again in order to make a profit. It also has to do with the monetary policy. Monetary policy is conducted by the Reserve Bank independent of the Government. The Reserve manipulates the official cash rate to directly influence other, short term and variable interest rates and thereby, the strength of demand and inflationary pressure.

The current interest rates are around 6% on average. About 5-10 years the interest rates were around double of what they are today. The reason that the interest rates vary are because of the variations of profit that the banks want to make. Some are greedy (7%) some are at a bargain price (6%). It just depends.

The indicator tells us that the current economy of Australia is doing well. Whereas around seven years ago they weren't doing so well as the interest rates were around 10%.

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Abortion

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Editorial Essay For The Illegalization Of Abortion

Many have pondered upon the meaning of abortion. The argument being

that every child born should be wanted, and others who believe that every

child conceived should be born (Sass vii). This has been a controversial

College papers on Abortion

topic for years. Many people want to be able to decide the destiny of

others. Everyone in the United States is covered under the United States

constitution, and under the 14th Amendment women have been given the choice

of abortion. In 1973, Harry A. Blackmun wrote the majority opinion that

it's a women's right to have an abortion. Roe v. Wade legalized abortion.

Even though these people have been given the right, the case is not closed.

Pro-life activists carry a strong argument, and continue to push their

beliefs. They feel so strongly about these beliefs that violence has broken

out in some known instances. Pro-choice activists, on the other hand, also

carry very strong points. They believe that the child inside them is their

property and it's life doesn't be until birth. In 1973, the United States

Supreme Court decided that as long as the baby lived in the womb, he or she

would be the property of the mother. Because of this decision almost every

third baby conceived in America is killed by abortion, over one and a half

million babies a year (Willke vii). Many countries have followed our

decision on the abortion issue and some of these include Canada, England,

and France. Other countries still believe abortion should be illegal, they

include Germany, Ireland, and New Zealand. Although many believe that

abortion is a women's choice, abortion should be banned because its immoral

and life begins at conception.

Abortion is the choice of a women whether or not she want's to receive

one. Under the 14th Amendment's "personal liberty" women are given the

right to receive an abortion. The 14th Amendment's concept of "personal

liberty" and restrictions on state action is enough to allow a women's

decision whether or not to terminate her pregnancy. The right to choose to

have an abortion is so personal and essential to women's lives that without

this right women cannot exercise other fundamental rights and liberties

guaranteed by the Constitution (Paltrow 72). The state can't interfere in

the private lives of a citizen. Without the right to choose an abortion

the 14th Amendment's guarantee of liberty has little meaning for women.

With the right to choose abortion, women are able to enjoy, like men, the

rights to fully use the powers of their minds and bodies (Paltrow 73). A

man can withdraw from a relationship as soon as he finds out about a

pregnancy. There is no question of his involve t after that, he has made

his choice. It is only fair to say that women should be given the same

choice. If one doesn't want to hold the responsibilities of a child than

she should be able to have the choice of abortion in her options." Because

contraceptives fail, and because they are not always available or possible

to use, abortion is necessary if people are to be able to determine whether

and when to "bear or beget a child"(Paltrow 72). Couples choose the

alternative of abortion so they can start or expand their families when

they feel most ready and able to care for them. Women choose to have an

abortion because pregnancy and childbirth can prevent them from keeping

their jobs, from feeding their families, and from serving others in ways

they consider necessary and appropriate. Pregnancy and child birth may

determine whether a women ever gets to start or complete her education,

which will significantly influence her ability to support herself and her

family. The availabilit y of abortion makes it possible for people not

only to choose the number of children they want, but also to create the

kind of family life they have always wanted for themselves, to meet their

responsibilities. If a women cannot choose to terminate an unwanted

pregnancy, she is denied the right to the "possession and control" of her

own body. One of the most sacred rights of common law is to choose and if

a women can't do this than their most important possession is taken away.

Abortion isn't only a women's right, it's a women's choice.

However, allowing abortion to be legal is immoral. A pre-born child

is given the status of a "product of pregnancy" and never seen as the

miracle only a women can create. Compassion for the small one is drowned

out under a demand for "rights", but what about the rights for the unborn.

"A women has a right to her own body" is an idea more and more women are

realizing, but that idea ignores the unborn child's right to his or her

body. Never, in modern times, has the state granted to one citizen the

right to have another killed in order to solve their personal, social, or

economic problems. the embryo is its own being that should have it's own

rights to protect it. The zygote is a unique genetic being (Zindler 27).

If one was to abort an embryo than that embryo, that human life would never

be duplicated. A scientist that may have found the cure to A.I.D.S. would

be killed. There is a better way to solve our problems than by killing

children. A fertilized egg is the most beauti , most innocent being that we

could ever create, and can redeem even the worst of our mistakes. This

fertilized egg is not just a mass of tissue, for if it were than there

would be no debate. A fetus feels pain. Ultra sound, fetoscopy, study of

the fetal EKG (electrocardiogram) and fetal EEG (electroencephalogram) have

demonstrated the remarkable responsiveness of the human fetus to pain,

touch and sound (willke 64). The fetus responds to light, heat, cold, and

taste. Observations of the fetal movements in saline abortions indicates

that the fetus experiences discomfort as it dies. One doctor who, the New

York Times, wrote "conscientiously performs" saline abortions stated, "when

he injected the saline, he often saw an increase in fetal movements"

(Willke 64). In another case, a film using mew sonographic techniques,

shows the outline of the child in the womb thrashing to resist the suction

device before it tears off the head. Then you see the dead child

dismembered child and t he head crushed (Edwards 40). This is murder.

Nobody who sees this film will speak again of "painless" abortion. After

the doctor who performed this procedure saw this film, he never performed

another abortion again. But, many doctors still do perform abortion, and

in some instances a live child is killed. "About once a day, somewhere in

the United States, something goes wrong and an abortion results in a live

baby" (Willke 76). Forty five out of six hundred and seven mid trimester

abortions done in Connecticut in 1974-1976 resulted in live births (Willke

76). In these cases the child was killed in cold blooded murder. It is

immoral to kill, therefore abortion is immoral.

Finally, abortion should be banned because life begins at conception.

The individual sex cell consists of 23 chromosomes. It is only through

combination, however, that the sex cells contain the full complement of

heredity units that defines a human being (Shettles 17). This procedure of

combination defines conception. After the merger of the two sex cells 46

chromosomes are present. This is what makes a human being. The merger is

complete within twelve hours, at which time the egg is fertilized and

becomes known technically as the "zygote". The inherited characteristics

of a unique human being has been established, and in no circumstances will

it change (Shettles 17). Nothing from this time on, until death, will

anything be added. The definition of alive is that a being is growing,

developing, maturing, and replacing its own dying cells. It means not being

dead. At the very time conception begins the zygote is growing, developing,

maturing, and replacing its own dying cel It's alive. The single-celled

fertilized ovum cannot by any stretch of the imagination be considered part

of a women's body. This new living being has a genetic set up unlike

anyone else's, totally different from the cells of the mother's body. It

makes no difference to assume that human life is more human post-born than

pre-born. What is critical to figure out is if it is or isn't human life,

and of coarse it is human life. At 18 days the heart is pumping through a

closed circulatory system, with blood whose type is different from that of

the mother. At 40 days the brain begins to function. In the 16th week

motion has been detected. At 6 and 1/2 weeks all twenty milk-teeth buds are

present. During the eighth week the baby's stomach secretes gastric juice,

and all it's body system is present. The baby dreams, thinks, and feels

pain. This is definitely a child, and no one on the face of this earth

would be here if they weren't conceived.

In summary, abortion can be justified by a women's right to choose, but

it should be banned because it's immoral and life begins at conception.

Women have been given the right to have an abortion under the United States

Constitution, but this right is still being protested by the people that

fight for the unborn's rights. Pro-life activists claim that its immoral

because it is simply defined as murder. Life begins at conception is

another strong point brought up by pro-life activists. Before a child is

born it is given all it's necessities to survive. Notice the operative

word is before. Before birth the childs heart beats, the gastric juices

flow in the stomach, and all its necessary organs have been made present.

This is a child that thinks, dreams, and feels pain. Yes, some women may

look at having an abortion to solve her personal problems, but in all,

women are abandoning the abortion because it weakens their great strengths:

creation, compassion and the ability to loo eneath the surface of

appearance of things. Maybe soon the abortion issue will reverse, and

people will see the rights of the unborn as greater importance than that of

a personal right.

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Critical Analogy of "My Antonia"

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Willa Cather was born on December 7, 187 in Back Creek Valley, near Gore, Virginia (Cyclopedia 67). Cather's dads name was Charles Cather. He was an average farmer. Her mothers name was Mary Virginia Boak Cather. Her mother was the eldest of the couple's four children, who also included brothers Roscoe and Douglass and a second Daughter, Jessica (Magills Survey 4).

Cather was a very avid reader. Since she was moving constantly until the age of about nine, she did not stay in any one school for long. When she turned sixteen she went off to the University of Nebraska. She quickly established herself as one of its brightest and most individualistic students there (Magill's Survey 45).

Cather had many influences. Many of her novels are related to prairie life. The reason why she wrote most of her novels on prairie life is because that is where she grew up. She also got many of her influences from the people she met while on her journeys across the prairie (Magill's Survey 4).

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Cather stayed in the career of writing throughout her life. She had many different jobs as a writer before she became her own writer. Since she established herself as a writer in college, she was offered many jobs. One of the first that she had was that she had published two articles in the Nebraska State Journal, to which she began contributing a regular column during her junior year in college. She then graduated and moved to Pittsburgh, where she stayed for the next ten years and wrote articles for Home Magazine (Magells Survey 45).

Cather was given many awards for all of her different writings. Her best award

was a Pulitzer Prize in fiction for her novel "One of Ours". There were many other awards.

One of Willa Cather's many novels is "My Antonia". This novel was published in 118. Cather portrays Antonia through the telling of her life experiences. Her life is seen and portrayed through the watchful eyes of Jim Burden. Willa Cather illuminates the theme of the American dream through conflict, characterization, and setting.

The theme of the American dream is portrayed through conflict. Antonia is forced to grow up on a farm with her family. Growing up on a farm means having to work all the time. "Antonia and her family struggle to establish themselves on the Nebraska plain." (0th-Century 55). At first Antonia and her family are faced with great deprivation. They live in a dugout house for a few years. The Nebraskan winters get cold and they barely make it through the winter months. Therefore she has to work in order to support her family. She starts in the fields sharing the back-breaking work with her family. When she becomes a little older she becomes a hired girl. This is all to support her family. All of this work forced her to forgo any serious thought of study (Magill's Survey 47). This severely set her back on getting to the American dream.

Jim burden develops maturity through conflict. Like Antonia, Jim to is raised on a farm and has to endure the backbreaking work also. Unlike Antonia, Jim's family is already established. Therefore Jim does not have to work quiet so hard and has the time to go to school. Going to school enables him to get to the American dream faster than Antonia. He is still faced with leaving his hometown to go to college "Jim, goes away to college to study the classics" (0-th Century 55). This move is hard for him because he does not want to leave the simple life that he has known for so long. After college he becomes a lawyer for the railroad. Even through he reaches this success, he still becomes home sick and comes back to Red Cloud. He returns to find Antonia aged but still happy. She has found the American dream (0-th Century 55).

Conflict is portrayed again though Antonia with her illegitimate child "And her trusting in nature leads her into trouble in the form of an illegitimate child" (Magill's Survey 47). The father of this child abandons her and her new baby. This also severely sets her back from getting to the American dream. She not only has to take care of herself, but now she has to raise her knew born child as well. She eventually finds a husband, which makes this task much easier.

Please note that this sample paper on Critical Analogy of "My Antonia" is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Critical Analogy of "My Antonia", we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Critical Analogy of "My Antonia" will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

McCarthyism

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What is more important national security or individual rights? This question has been posed many times throughout our nation's history. One of the most memorable times when this became an issue was the McCarthy era. Did Communism threaten America's internal security in the 140's and early 150's or did Joseph McCarthy and the House of Un-American Activities Committee create a Red Scare and abuse their powers? The answer to this question is yes to both parts. After World War II, it was obvious that the three world powers were the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and the United States. Even before the War ended, Joseph Stalin was attempting both to become the most superior power and to possibly spread Communism through espionage. Soviet spies had infiltrated into the American government and established a liable threat to our national security. In reaction to this, Joseph McCarthy and the HUAC promoted a sense of political fear throughout the United States and threatened to destroy the balance between national security and individual freedom. Soviet espionage threatened national security and brought about the second Red Scare in which McCarthy not only destroyed the lives and careers of many Americans but also the innocent image of the country.

Espionage

In the 140s Communists spies penetrated the U. S. government and were supplying government secrets to foreign countries. The first revealed case of espionage is known as the Amerasia case. In this case, several State Department officials including John Stewart Service had given materials to Amerasia, a small magazine dealing with East Asian Affairs. The spies had stolen the documents in order to publish them. The Amerasia spies were arrested, but their case was dropped before there could be a trail. The materials that Service supplied to Amerasia did not actually endanger our national security, but it is claimed to be a major reason we "lost" China to Communism. However, they found no link between the Amerasia spies and the Soviet Union.

With the help of a former Soviet agent and the Venona Project, the U. S. government was able to expose numerous spies loyal to the Soviet Union. Several ex-Soviet agents warned the government about Communism and their underground espionage. Whittaker Chambers and Elizabeth Bentley were two well-known former spies who began working with the government. Another huge resource of information about uncovering Soviet agent came along with the Venona Project. The Venona project was originally an attempt to decode messages between Soviet diplomats and the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs in Moscow. These messages turned out to be going between field agents and the directorate of the KGB.

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"The deciphered Venona messages also showed that a disturbing number of high-ranking U. S. government officials consciously maintained a clandestine relationship with Soviet intelligence agencies and had passed extraordinarily sensitive information to the Soviet Union that had seriously damaged American interest." (Haynes p. 51)

The Venona Project uncovered several hundred agents associated with the Soviets. However, the decoders were only able to decode a portion of the messages, meaning there could have been thousands of more traitors working with the Soviet Union.

One of the first espionage cases involving the Soviet Union was the Hiss case. The Hiss case established the credibility of the charges that Communists had infiltrated the New Deal. McCarthy and the HUAC had been accusing New Deal supporters as being Communists or Communists sympathizers. The charges against Alger Hiss ended his career in the State Department as Chambers was able to produce written documents from Hiss to the KGB. However, a bigger spy in the government was Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Harry Dexter White. White was the highest ranked official to be named as a traitor, yet he died of a heart attack before his trial. The Hiss case proved that the HUAC had a valid argument for seeking Soviet spies.

In 14, the Soviet Union had built an atomic bomb, which led the HUAC into another spy hunt. Not long after, authorities found Klaus Fuchs, an ex-Communist in Great Britain who worked on the Manhattan Project. In search for an American contact, the FBI stumbled upon Harry Gold. Fuchs and Gold both confessed to passing secrets to the Soviet agents. Gold also gave up the name of another spy named David Greenglass, who in turn gave up his sister and brother-in-law Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. However, the confessions and giving-up of other spies ended there. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg denied that they were Communists, but later they were tried, found guilty, and executed. Several decades later with the release of the Venona Project, the American public was informed that the Rosenbergs were truly Soviet Spies. The Soviet Union was now able to develop an atomic bomb several years earlier than without the American secrets. Indeed, without such successful espionage, "the Soviet Union might not have developed the bomb until after Stalin's death, and the early Cold War might have proceeded on a far less frightening path." (Klehr p. 5)

Many other spies were present within the American government. A personal assistant to President Franklin Roosevelt, Lauchlin Currie, who warned the KGB that the FBI had started an investigation of one of their agents, Gregory Silvermaster. This allowed Silvermaster to escape and continue spying. Another, William Perl, gave the Soviet Union secret test and design experiments for American jet engines and jet aircraft. His actions led to the Soviets fighter jets being far more superior to American fighter jets in the Korean War. Maurice Halperin, who was America's chief intelligence arm, transferred hundreds of pages of secret American Diplomatic cables to the KGB.

Of the 47 Soviet agents in America, only around half were ever discovered. It seems obvious that this was a huge national security crisis. The Soviet espionage was very successful in the United States. Although not every Communist was a spy, a large number were involved in KGB efforts to gather intelligence. Nevertheless, in the same manner, not every spy was a Communist.

Fear

Truman and his administration started to get attacked by many conservative Republicans for being to soft on the espionage and Communist threat within America. In reaction to these attacks, Truman established an anti-Communist loyalty-security program in March of 147 and set up the Central Intelligence Agency in November. In 148, the Truman administration followed up these actions by indicating the leaders of the CPUSA under the sedition sections of the 140 Smith Act. The Smith Act states that

It shall be unlawful for any person

1) to knowingly or willfully advocate, abet, advise, or teach the duty, necessity, desirability, or propriety of overthrowing or destroying any government in the United States by force or violence, or by the assassination of any officer of any such government;

) with the intent to cause the overthrow or destruction of any government in the United States, to print, publish, edit, issue, circulate, sell, distribute, or publicly display any written or printed matter advocating, advising, or teaching the duty, necessity, desirability, or propriety of overthrowing or destroying any government in the United States by force or violence;

) to organize or help to organized any society, group, or assembly of persons who teach, advocate, or encourage the overthrowing or destruction of any government in the United States by force or violence; or to become a member of, or affiliate with, any such society, group, or assembly of persons, knowing the purposes thereof. (Fried, p. 15)

The Republican senator from Wisconsin, Joseph McCarthy took this Act to the full effect. When he cried Communism, the world seemed to listen.

McCarthy installed fear in the U. S. citizens, but people feared tremendously the loss of their jobs. They feared that their political afflictions would reflect on their job status. McCarthy and his ways challenged the Bill of Rights. Peoples' First and Fifth Amendment rights were suspended when on trail. By trying to keep America from becoming a Communist nation, McCarthy and his followers turned the country into an anti-Communist nation. Many Americans lives and careers were lost due to McCarthy and his accusations. Hollywoods leaders resisted allowing politicians to regulate their hiring practices, but, following the HUAC hearings, the blacklists began in Hollywood. No one who was known to be a communist would be employed (Fried, 77-78). This mainly listed teachers, writers, and Hollywood stars. Producers started questioning their employees on many topics including politics and affiliations. Mist who were "caught" or accused of Communism confessed, and in order to be spared, gave the names of other "Communists."

In 150, McCarthy claimed he had a list of 05 members of the Communist Party of the US, who worked for the State Department. The HUAC summoned ,75 men and women, which was enough to cost them their jobs. Accused individuals were at the true mercy of the government, "because congressional hearings were immune from the due process requirements that accompanied criminal prosecutions, the committees had more leeway to denounce and accuse" (Schrecker 54). Over 400 Americans went to jail, some without a fair trial. McCarthy bullied, threatened and abused witnesses while he accused them of Communist sympathies. Without a doubt, McCarthy created an era of fear and conformity.

Soviet Espionage threatened America's national security, which led to the House of Un-American Activities suspending citizens' rights and creating fear in the hearts of many Americans. Whenever national security is threatened, the government is forced to tighten security and infringe on many people's rights. This is even seen today after September 11, 001. So it appears during times of national strife, crisis or threat, national security comes before individual rights.

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