IS SHARING FILES ON THE INTERNET A CRIME IF THE FILES ARE COPYRIGHTED?

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IS SHARING FILES ON THE INTERNET A CRIME IF THE FILES ARE COPYRIGHTED?

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November 4, 00

Is sharing files on the Internet a crime if the files are copyrighted? This can be answered by many different people and in many different ways. The real answer that the record companies want to hear is that it is illegal and anyone doing it should be put in jail for stealing. They say that downloading something that is copyrighted off the Internet or from another person's computer and using the file without paying for it is just the same as going in to your local Best Buy and taking a CD off of the shelf and running out the door with it. That is a really hard way to look at what is happening, because almost all of the people downloading music, videos, and other files for free would never take something off of a shelf, stick them under there shirt and leave the store without paying for it. Most of the time when these kinds of things happen, it is because the file is free and would be nice to have, not that the person downloading it would really go out and take the product from an actual store.

Let us began with how this all became a problem. It all started back about three years ago with the Napster website and all of Napster's copy programs. Napster was nothing more than a well-built, peer-to-peer program that gained popularity by becoming a big news story. There was nothing illegal going on with the actual Napster program, but what the people who were using Napster were committing a federal offence. They were sharing music files with each other that were copyrighted. This never would have been a problem if the news had not gotten involved. Once the media got involved, people who did not even know what an MP file was had to have Napster just to be in on the "free music click". This large involvement of people brought this harmless crime to a new level.

This can be explained better if you know what a peer-to-peer (PP) program is and know how it works. Peer-to-peer is nothing more than my computer connected to yours. It allows anyone running the same peer-to-peer share program access to anything I have the program set to share. This could be one folder with one file or a whole hard drive with all access to all the files. Each user gets to pick. There is nothing illegal about that. If I wanted to share some home movies with my grandmother I could set them to be shared with her, and only her, and tell her what the name of the file was and the program would locate the file and share it with her. This is nice because most of these programs that share files do not slow your computer down as much as emailing the files, and the program allows you the option to stop downloading a certain file and pick back up at another time. The draw back to this is that both the person that has the file and the person that is obtaining the file have to be on the Internet at the same time. This is different than email where the sender has to upload the file to a server and the receiver can download it at some time in the future. The email process takes twice as long as just sending the file directly to the other computer. This is the main draw back to emailing files. Where transferring files becomes illegal is when the things being transferred are copyrighted.

Peer to peer also has an index where every file is saved under a number. Some programs have numbers that contain over one thousand characters. These numbers are searched when a word search is performed and everyone with a file that shares that number is located and shown as an availability level. This comes in handy for downloading multiple files or downloading the same file from different computers. This is faster than trying to download a file from a single source.

Napster was nothing more than a scapegoat for the record companies because there are dozens of other Napster look a likes that can be found at www.Download.com. Some include Kaza, Morpus, Bare Share, WinMX, and plenty more if you want to look. These programs are so popular that in August of 00, the Internet search word "MP" passed the word "sex" as the most searched word on the Internet.

So was Napster really guilty of a crime? No, no more than people who sell blank cassette tapes and blank videotapes. Everybody has a blank tape that has a CD recorded on it that their friend let them borrow. So, if Napster is illegal, why not prohibit all the other peer-to-peer programs? Because no one can control what people do while using a program and no one can prove the intended use of the program. The people who wrote other peer-to-peer programs, like the Tennessee based Morpus, have no control over what people using the program do, so how can they be held accountable for what is shared? It would be impossible to scan every file that is shared for copyrighted content because a copyrighted file can be changed a slight bit, and therefore, would not be recognized as a copyrighted file.

The reason for this all coming along was because of the simple fact that music albums are over priced. The average price of a CD is somewhere between $15 and $0 dollars. Many feel that is a little bit much to pay for something that most likely will only have three songs on it that to which you will like and listen. So the record company says that they are loosing billions on billons of dollars every day to this peer-to-peer file sharing. That is nice for them to think, but in all reality they are not losing half of that. Many people download songs or TV episodes, enjoy watching or listening to them, and then go out and purchase the full version at the store. On a personal note, it is nice to know it I miss a episode of a TV show I like or see a music video I like, that I can then down load it and play it on my computer. That is the same thing as recording it off the TV or the radio. It is not illegal to record a show off the TV or radio so why is it illegal to share music or TV files on one's computer? The reality is that the record companies will never be able to stop all the Napster-like programs, because there is too much that is left for users to do that is completely legal.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Courtney, Will. The Eagle Tribune (August 1, 001). Napster knockoffs. Found at http//eagletribune.com/news/stories/001081/LI_001.htm.

vonLohmann, Fred. Legal Media.net (November , 00). Peer to peer file sharing The napster aftermath. Found http//www.legamedia.net/legapractice/von-lohmann_fred/00/0-0/00_von-lohmann_fred_napster-pp_01.php.

Funderburk, Emily. The Diamondback Online (April 16, 00). On campus, Phynd can't be phound. Found at http//www.inform.umd.edu/News/Diamondback/archives/00/04/16/news5.html.

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Friere

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Educational Experience

A rich and illustrative incident from my educational past is an example Freire's "banking" concept that he had on education. I was in the beginning of my sophomore in Spanish class. The teacher expected me to memorize everything and actually understand what it meant. As Freire would say, she just deposited the information into my bank and pulls it out when needed; she used the "banking" concept. One the first things I was taught was qu pasa, and I don't remember the English translation of it. This could partly be because it was deposited not learned and after a period of time deposits are forgotten about.

The teacher would just say repeat after me, which wouldnt give the full effect of learning what she wanted us too. Then in with a week or even less what she had taught us was already forgotten. We didn't use or discuss what was taught, so then is just discarded like it wasn't there because of that lack of usage. If what is taught isn't used or discussed in class regularly then isn't really learned, because without "praxis" it not learned.

If I would have learned Spanish by Freire's "problem-posing" concept, maybe I would still be up to date on my Spanish. But I do believe she still would have had to use the "banking" concept to teach the lesson. I disagree with Freire I think you have to use both concepts. Because if just one or the other is used you don't learn effectively. Both should be used. That way you learn two ways, and if one doesn't work maybe the other one will because everyone learns a different way.

My Spanish class was taught with the "banking" concept, but if it was taught using the "problem-posing" concept it still wouldn't have made sense to me. But if both ways of teaching were combined then I believe it would have made a lot more sense and I might be able to speak it now. The problem I had in with the 'banking' concept is that when my teacher would have me memorize or repeat after her it was put into short term memory. Then I would just forget it after not using after awhile. Then it would come test time and none of the students would no what was what because it had already been forgotten, and the teacher wonders why everyone did badly. The class would say that she should go over it better and discuss it, so we understand it better. In class we never did any "authentic" thinking, the teacher did it all for us. All we had to do was sit there and take deposits. The teacher didn't understand that the world is constantly changing and leading to opinionst perceptions (personal views), which doesn't have big effect on Spanish class, but some what does. When "problem-posing" is used people tend to pick things out of their past and consciously reflect on them.

My Spanish teacher didn't treat her students like human beings, and that's how the banking concept works. "Banking" resists dialogue and tries to falsify the real world, so it can hide the truths that explain why humans exist. My Spanish teacher would talk while the students listened, and stated facts but puts no meaning into them. She treated her students as if they were waste baskets, dumping everything in, the fuller you are the better the student she thought. Most teachers believe that all students are ignorant and therefore need a teacher to teach them. She said she was teaching us Spanish so we could be a better person, but according to Freire she was just training to be what she wanted us to be, like her little army. We are not born with empty minds that are just to be filled with whatever the teachers want to put in there.

I believe she was afraid of teaching using the "problem-posing" concept then she would no longer be the dominant one of the class she would be equal. Also she was probably scared of us actually teaching her something. The teacher and the student must have dialogue between each other in order for education to be liberating. To be liberated from the "banking" concept the student must pose problems and be conscious not accept "deposits". I have never really had a class like that the closest example I can possibly think of is my environmental science class because we would have debates in class were we would teach each other but the teacher still made deposits. We would discuss problems amongst each other in the class arguing our points. We were able to relate the subject to our lives, so we would learn more valuable stuff. Authentic reflection considers people in relation to the world, in relations like that consciousness and the world are simultaneous. Our science teacher would sit and listen to her students instead of having her students sit and listen to her. With "problem- posing" it presents a situation; "banking reinforces fate. In my science class the students and teachers would communicate and advocate change, analysis, and discussion. This enabled us to learn to the subject to our full potential unlike my Spanish class that we just sat in and learned nothing. In class once we had a debate about nuclear energy, pro or con. I was pro nuclear energy side of the debate, when I did my research on the subject I learned a lot about it. But when we had our debate in class I was amazed about how much more I had learned trough other people's points and ideas. They brought up subjects and matters that had never occurred to me. I understand what Freire is saying about "problem posing" when he says you are treated like a real being, because then I did. I didn't fill like I was just a computer just taking in information.

There was a difference between my two teachers; my Spanish teacher was very old, while my science teacher was only five or six years older than me. My Spanish teacher has probably never read Freire's views on education and that might be why she used the "banking" concept. My science who just graduated has probably read Freire and has done the same essay or something close to it about his views and that might be why she uses the "problem-posing" concept more than "banking". I assume that students in college aspiring to be teachers must read this essay of Freire sometime in their college career, so I predict that the ways of teaching will slowly change.

In most of my educational experiences since birth till now have used the "banking" concept, when kids are little their parents try to get them to say Dada or Momma, but the kid may learn to say it but does he/she understand what it means. No, because it is just deposited into their heads and they know to repeat it. This a lot like my Spanish class, the "banking" concept never changes, no matter what is being taught, it is taught in the same basic form. So my Spanish teacher was treating me like a baby you could say, and that's the problem with the banking concept students don't want to be treated like one or two year olds just learning to talk. Student want to be treated like the young adults they are, well at least some are. If they are treated the way they want to be treated they will give the teacher the satisfaction of knowing that his/her students are more knowledgeable of the subject they are teaching. Only if all teachers could realize this more students could excel in school.

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Welcome to Hotel California

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Music is in our lives in everything we do; even if we are not fans, it is there in commercials, movies, and many other places. People have different taste in music, but seldom does anybody stop and think about the meaning of the song they are listening to. "Hotel California" by The Eagles, is one of my favorite songs and I liked it long before I came to understand what all the hidden meanings are.

When I first listened to "Hotel California," I pictured a scene from an Alfred Hitchcock movie. I had the image of a man driving in the desert, getting tired, and stopping in at a hotel that turned out to be more than he bargained for. The hotel turned out to be a place from which there was no escape, but there was non-stop partying. I guess I was not to far off base from my initial thought, but have since discovered there is a deeper meaning than I original thought.

In the prelude to the song, there is the sound of a rattlesnake's tail shaking. The serpent is a symbol of Satan. The man is riding in the dark dry desert possibly smoking marijuana and smells the warm scent of a woman. Temptations start to test his soul. All of his senses are tempted feelings-"cool wind"(1), smell-"warm smell of colitis"(), sight-"a shimmering light"(), and hearing-"mission bells"(7). He becomes overwhelmed and has to stop and inspect his surroundings. There is a woman, a goddess, waiting for him, inviting him in. The "mission bells"(7) are a sign of death, possibly a spiritual death. Confused, he is not sure if this is good or bad, but he wants to find out. He is enticed, and enters against better judgment. The "voices"(11) that keep calling are those of Satan inviting him to come and enjoy the sins of the Satan's world.

"Hotel California" represents a hotel on California Street where the First Church of Satan was founded. It is very much like Satan, offering what you want and hell always has room for more.

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"Her mind is Tiffany-twisted"(1) describes the goddess that Satan is using to entice the man. She is very beautiful on the outside, but she has a disease, "bends"(18). She takes him to a place of her past victims that she has lured to Satanism. They are dancing in ecstasy; while some remembering the wonderful times, other are trying to forget what they have given up. Watching, not wanting to leave the party, he gives in and calls for "some wine"(), which shows that he still has some spirit left. He is informed that spirit, whether the wine, or the Holy Spirit, has not been around "since 16"(4). The year 16 is when the First Church of Satan was founded. The evil spirits are still trying to win him over. For the final temptation, Satan uses the goddess again. She has set up a lover's den for him with mirrors and champagne. The mirrors are to make sure that the soul leaves the body (there will be no reflection if there is no soul), and the champagne is to celebrate Satan's victory once the man gives into sin. He is ready for whatever she has to offer. They both become slaves to their own passion and lust. There is no turning back. He has joined the satanic church. Everyone keeps coming back to the seduction of sin and cannot leave because of the addiction. When he realizes what is happening, he wants to get his soul back, but it is too late. Once you are in the church, you will always be in.

This song can be interpreted in many ways, but I feel like this is the way it was meant. The group, The Eagles, is known for being associated with the First Church of Satan and the founder of the church, Anton LeVay. Whatever the meaning of the song, it has a good beat and I like it.

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"Group Minds"

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According to Doris Lessing in the article "Group Minds," we sometimes alter our beliefs or opinions to fit into a group. Most people seek the need to fit in with certain people or groups so they go along with what their peers are saying and doing. Since we are exposed to group's everyday, social, political, religious, work or family, we have the tendency to follow along, whether or not we admit it. Lessing also adds that peer pressure is something we have all experienced-something we take for granted, and the hardest thing in the world is standing out against ones group of peers.

First of all, Lessing starts out with saying that individuals are free to make their own choices. But, this is not always the case. No matter how free people are to make there own choices, they will always be concerned about what others are going to think or how they will react to their responses. Sometimes people incline what others say for the fear that they might be rejected from that particular group.

Second, Lessing proposes that we guard against the influence of our group minds by learning to contemplate these tendencies calmly and without emotion. She also adds that you must be on your guard against your own most primitive reactions and instincts. What Lessing

means by these two proposals is that we should learn to

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consider our tendencies to follow along with what our groups or peers are doing or saying just because we fear there rejection or what they are going to think about us. According to Lessing, we should be on guard about how we react to certain situations and how we respond. We should thoroughly think things through before we react. Miss.Lessing proposes that every time we're faced with a certain circumstance, we should stop; think; contemplate what we're going to say, then respond. That is not always going to be the case; and perhaps that will never be the case.

Though Miss. Lessing proposes a good idea, I don't agree with her because when a person is faced with a situation (when around a certain group) he or she is not going to consider these tendencies, instead they are going to follow along with what they think or know their peers will say or do. For example, recently in my English class, my teacher did a little "wake up experiment" after coming back from spring break.

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Globalisation

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Globalisation is the term used to describe the increased pace of interconnectedness that has taken place over recent years. Globalisation involves the way countries over the word increase their trade of goods, services, production and resources. The acculturation of culture through media, tourism, and intergovernmental consultations, has lead to consumer demand for globalisation. The increase in transnational corporations has provided a base for globalisation, as it has established subsidiaries in other nations, aiming at achieving production facilities out of their own nation.

Throughout the globe there has been a vast increase of trade, finance, flow of investment, technology, and labour. The environment has become a greater concern demanding countries to develop environmentally friendly treaties which compromise the detrimental behaviour that leads to a decline in the level of living standards worldwide. All of this international economic and social interaction have predominately increased the pace of globalisation and therefore led to a greater level of global convergence and a harmonious business cycle on a world level.

Australia's economy is currently experiencing a period of economic growth. Recent statistics have shown that Australias GDP has increased by 1.% to give a current total of .6%. Interest rates have also increased to a total of 5.5%. The increase in GDP has called for an increase in interest rates to ultimately decrease inflation. The rise in interest rates has also increased financial flows into Australia. With the cash rate as high as it is, compared to other countries, i.e. Japan-0% and America-just over 1%, investment into Australia from foreign countries become more appealing.

The microeconomic reform within Australia is aimed at controlling the economy and keeping Australia out of any potential recession which may occur. As international convergence becomes more and more global, separate countries share the same booms and recessions because foreign countries rely on each other for trade of labour, capital, land and enterprise and a congruent international business cycle is developed. Australia has had a sustained growth for the past 1 years and has managed to escape the recession which is occurring throughout many countries. This has not affected Australia because of its

· Increase productivity of labour due to decreases in protection such as subsidies, and increases in the level of education and specialised skills obtained by the current population;

· Deregulation of finance, labour, telecommunications, taxation, transport, and trade protection which create a more efficient economy as labour productivity increases and specialisation occurs;

· High interest rates creating larger foreign investments; and

· An increase in living standards, infrastructure and public sector.

The World Trade Organisation (WHO) was established in the early 0's who look after the rules of trading and decide how things should be done to create global peace.

Trade throughout the world had become more popular for many countries and in some cases a smaller country may rely on a larger country for its resources as it may not have the appropriate factor endowment Australia has had a massive change in the way it trades with other countries since the 150's. Wheat and wool made up 80% of Australians exports this decreased to give a total of 6% in the 80s and is now at a rate less than 5%. Manufactured goods and services have grown due to productivity and Asia has become a major trading partner.

Throughout trade many countries have had an improvement in their lifestyle. From global trade of goods and services, particularly technology, ties are forming between countries in the way of telecommunications, the world wide web, world sports etc. Although there have been a lot of protection implemented to create fairness throughout world trade, levels of protection are becoming smaller hence free trade and global convergence are coming closer. The decrease of protection has not only been accountable for more imports into Australia but also more exports. In the late 80's there was a Button report released which took away protection of Australia's cars. This led to an increase in the importation of foreign vehicles and considering the minimum price they were selling at, Australian's bought the overseas cars instead of the expensive Australian made cars. This created a large amount of unemployment as people involved in Australia's motor vehicle industry lost their jobs to foreign absolute advantage. This is an example of how globalisation can be detrimental to economies.

Australia's living standards have developed significantly since the mid 180's. This is seen through the achievement of health care facilities, the new public health approach which illustrates prevention is better than cure, more technology regarding treatment, and a wider level of knowledge on risk factors leading to diseases.

Policies have been developed promoting equity throughout Australia regarding culture, employment and wages and although there has been a cultural lag (values not changing as quickly as legislation) these legislations have still impacted Australia providing a relatively more fair society.

Satisfaction of wants and needs in Australia is at a high standard. Australia has a lot to offer regarding finished products whether they have been imported or not. The majority of Australian residents have a wide choice concerning products and services and receive these at a usually qualified standard.

The distribution of income amongst people in Australia is not equal; it in fact runs on productivity, ability, occupational and geographical mobility etc. Australia has a tax system where a person pays a percentage of their pay to the government, which is called a marginal rate of tax. The amount of dollars that people receive because of their work has risen due to an increase in inflation since the end of World War II and because of specialisation. Also because of award wage and other government legislations, Australians now receive more money for their work.

Globalisation is accountable for much of this increase in living standards within Australia, as there has been a larger satisfaction of wants and needs through global trading and acculturation of a diverse range of cultural ideas and values.

Australia has developed a greater amount of resources through global trade which led to an increase in lifestyle. Also trading has created more exports from Australia and because of Australia's increasing productivity it is justifiable to say that Australia may continue to have an increase in GDP. With higher interest rates inflation has been controlled and although it costs more money for individuals to live it has increased the demand for Australian dollars from overseas investors. Tourists and transnational corporation's existence within the economic developing country of Australia have also proved to be beneficial and with all of this global interaction occurring global convergence is becoming more probable everyday.

Please note that this sample paper on Globalisation is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Globalisation, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Globalisation will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment from and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!