Act One- Aristophanes 'Peace'

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Act One- Aristophanes 'Peace'

The opening lines of this play are in mid argument, between two slaves. A typical Greek comedy tactic, using slaves to provide humour- slaves which hate their owners. Now these slaves are doing a comical thing in rolling up poo into balls to feed a Dung beetle. Now this Dung beetle as expressed by the second slave is very picky with it's food and has a large appetite. The second slave is the one which is rolling the poo into buns, the one which has the worst job of kneading the poo all day so that the beetle will like it. The Dung beetle is getting hand made poo buns for it is a very important asset within this play. Trygaeus- the owner of the slaves- is planning on flying up to the Gods on the back of the beetle, calling it his 'hippo beetle'. The slaves mock Trygaeus for attempting to do this calling him a mad man, that he has a 'new kind of madness'. The slaves appear to think that Trygaeus will not be able to get up to the God's so make the audience laugh by giving them examples of his attempts, his failures (a great way to make your master look bad in front of the audience.) But to add more humour his comments are ridiculed by the fact that Trygaeus's attempt on Hippo beetle back is successful, thus making the slaves judgements incompetent. The slaves attempt again to make their master look bad by shouting his children and telling them that they are orphans, for their parent has left them alone, this should be looked as bad on Trygaeus's behalf. But once again the slaves are shown as funnily incompetent for the conversation between father and daughter shows that he has good reasons to go up to heaven, shows an understanding between the two.

Once Trygaeus reaches heaven after all his bother he is stopped by Hermes. This in itself is funny, for it after all the trouble nobody appreciates it. Also the attitude of Hermes is funny, for he goes completely over the top calling him a 'foul, shameless, desperate, good-for-nothing villain' and the 'villainists of villains'. After these accusations Trygeaus plays with his words for when Hermes asks him questions he simply answers 'villain', branded with the label given by Hermes. Also the humour of this is that Hermes attitude later is the opposite, for once he is given the offering of meat then Trygaeus is suddenly a 'poor fellow'. This in a way is mocking at the God's too, the fact that they could be bribed, shows that the God's are very shallow. But Aristophanes not only stops there at mocking the Gods, he also provides humour by painting an image of the Gods using ridiculous equipment such as; 'furniture, pots and pans'- perhaps suggesting that the God's are not all that they are cracked up to be, they need utensils which are the same as the mortals on Earth.

Aristophanes introduces the first manipulative language within the play to sway the audience to be against the wars, when Trygaeus first reaches heaven.. The drama of the play has began where the audience and Trygaeus is told that the Gods (Zeus) have left for they had enough of everyone praying to them to win the war, so moved as far away as they could. Thus letting War take over their old grounds and told to do as he wished. This resulted in War taking Peace and throwing her into a 'deep dark cave'. You also learn of the most disastrous prospect of the play, and of War. That the God War has bought 'a gigantic mortar', which War is going to 'pound every city in Greece to a pulp'. Surprisingly even at this moment of doom Aristophanes brings humour in by Trygaeus laughing at each City and its stereotypical food produce. For example Sicily- 'poor Island all grated up', he also makes it funny that Trygaeus should be worrying about how much some honey costs for a God- as if the God's need to watch their money. But alas a disaster there is no pestle- so creating a chance for humans to sort out the problem of war and save their cities- also it creates suspense- keeping audience interested. Neither place though that Havoc (another God) searches for a pestle has one. The Pestle could perhaps be symbolic for the Governors of either side. Both sides (Athenians and Spartans) had lost their general when fighting, resulting that both sides were just pointlessly fighting each other. This is a very good symbolic idea of Aristophanes, for it will subcontiously manipulate the more intelligent minds within the Greek audience- and generally the more intelligent were the more important and influential, hence the reason for realising that the war was pointless and should be stopped.

Trygaeus then calls all men of Greece to help and rescue Peace- for the good of their own cities and country. This brings all the people together-what Aristophanes wanted. The chorus call up the men of Greece- which is not heavy hearted instead Aristophanes attempts to bring across his message to the audience light heartedly, bringing in humour. Visual humour of the legs which cannot stop because they are to excited, about the prospect of peace. The audience looking upon the scene will want to be as excitable as the chorus are who cannot stop their legs from dancing.

After the call up of the men of Greece there is another incident between Hermes and Trygaeus- a rather pathetic attempt of Hermes to stop Trygaeus and the men from moving the stones from the pit Peace is locked up in. Once again the God's are mocked at by Trygaeus by asking Hermes after he condemns Trygaeus to death when the date of his death will exactly be. To persuade Hermes again Trygaeus flirtly compliments Hermes calling him the comic name of 'Hermikins'- Trygaeus then uses the chorus to compliment Hermes into not uncovering their actions to Zeus- I find it ironic though that the Gods are supposed to see everything which goes on around them but they cannot even see what is happening in their own home lands- perhaps showing incompetance again! This does not work too well though so Trygaeus tells Hermes of a conspiracy against them which makes Hermes afraid of his privilages position and starts paniking thinking that Trygaeus and men of Greece are their only salvation- a strange turn around from the people of Greece needing the God's, to the God's needing the people of Greece. But although Aristophanes is mocking the God's throughout the play he does still show some respect to them for after Hermes consent for the rescue of Peace te leader and Trygaeus pay their respects to Apollo asking him to bless them.

Although all the men of Greece are helping out there are many people not pulling their weight, Lamachus, Argives, Megarians and the Athenians. This I believe is a warning to the people of these nationalities not to provoke or create war. The reason, because peace will hate you and you will be beyond any hope- so to stop this from happening they should pull their weight now and work together to rescue her (peace).

Peace is eventually rescued.

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John smith and william bradford

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John and Will

Who was John Smith and how was he depicted in history? According to his third

person memoirs, the General History , he was a hard working, courageous explorer who

founded Jamestown despite misfortune. On the other hand William Bradford was a deeply

College Essays on john smith and william bradford

religious pilgrim who wrote the Plymouth Plantation In both accounts however the two

men sailed across the Atlantic looking for a new world. When looking closer at what

these two men did when they arrived in America we find that they have some close

similarities as well as some differences.

John Smith was a was an English soldier and adventurer. He played a Vital role in

the founding of Virginia and New England. Smith Sailed in a squadron of three ships that

established the first permanent English settlement colony in America. On the other hand

William Bradford sailed to America on the mayflower in 160 and helped in the founding

of Plymouth. Both men had different colonies but were similar in the fact they both helped

in the founding of a colony.

Smith And William Bradford were similar in who they gave credit to when they

first landed and that was that they both thanked God for their good fortune and health.

John Smith believed that God mullified the hearts of the Indians so that they would help

the settlers rather than attack them. Similarly, William Bradford, when coming onto shore

for the first time, fell to his knees and thanked God for all that he had done for them on

their voyage. The two men gave God all the credit for everything that they received.

Smith and Bradford differed in their reasoning for coming to America in that Smith

wanted to explore the Earth and that Bradford wanted to escape the persecution of the

English. It can be summed up that they differed from each other in their reasons for

leaving their homeland as well as their actions when landing in the new world.

In conclusion, the way that John Smith is portrayed in history is greatly different

then that of William Bradford but on the other hand they have some close similarities that

allow them both to be called founding fathers of America.

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To what extent can it be argued that WW1 was caused by nationalism?

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Nationalism was one of the profound causes of the First World War. In the 1th and 0th centuries, an air of intense nationalism permeated Europe, slowly infecting all who lived on the continent. Nationalism is the strong feeling of pride, loyalty and support for one's nation. During the late 1th century to early 0th century, there was an outbreak of aggressive nationalism, where many nationalists took their beliefs up one step further, to the extreme. These radical groups believed that their nation was the richest, most powerful and most important nation in the world and they wanted desperately for their nation to be recognized as such. This feeling of nationalism was in essence the spark that set Europe at war, for it was this belief that led to the assassination of the Archduke, Franz Ferdinand. Nationalism also caused or played part in many incidents that contributed to the start of the War. Amongst them were the Balkan wars, the arms race and the build up of the alliance systems. Nationalism also nurtured the drive for prestige and vengeance between the European powers. In short, nationalism further escalated the tension that contributed to the outbreak of war.

Nationalism didn't just influence the middle class; it influenced people of all ages and societies. The governments realized the power which nationalism held, it was able to encourage public support for military buildups and for a country's use of force to achieve its goal. Militarism controlled the thinking of many European leaders in the period before World War 1. They believed that the use of force could solve problems amongst nations and that the military strength of one country reflected the importance and power of the nation. However, to increase the military budget, the government had to increase the taxes. Therefore to avoid civil unrest, the excuse for the increase in taxes was to display the importance and power of the nation. In 188, Germany began to challenge Britain's dominance of the seas; hence Britain challenged Germany to an arms race. The arms race in essence was driven by nationalism, for neither powers wanted to give in and be second to the other. For each believed that they were the best, and their military strength must show that they are the best. Both Germany and Britain ended up with navies so large and powerful, that there was no use for their military strength unless a war broke out. Nationalism encouraged public support all over Europe, for military buildups and for the nation to use force to reach its goals.

Nationalism in the Balkan states played a huge part in the building of tensions amongst the great powers of Europe, especially between Austria-Hungary and Russia. The Balkan Peninsula was then under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. It consisted of proud ethnic groups whom did not wish to be ruled by any authority other than themselves, they desired independence and were eager for the chance to revolt. In 1878, at the decline of the Turkish Empire, the Balkan nationalists with the help of Russia were able to overthrow the Turkish government. The rebellion eventually resulted in the emergence of many independent Balkan states; the major ones were Serbia, Montenegro, Rumania and Greece. The absence of a power in such an economical and territorial significant area attracted many European powers to the Balkans. Russia hoped to gain control of the straits. Austria-Hungary wanted to control the Balkans and restrain the Balkan nationalists, for they feared that the nationalists would set a bad example for Austria-Hungary's own racial minorities. This conflict of interests increased the tensions between Russia and Austria-Hungary, but was set to rest in a pretence truce. Soon Serbia became the major power in the Balkans. Austria-Hungary felt threatened by the growing power of the Serbs and wished to crush them before it was too late. The Serbs, however, were now a very proud race, they didn't want to be ruled by anybody else, furthermore they wanted the unification of all Slavs. Serbian nationalists despised the thought that fellow Slavs, like their Bosnian brothers were under Austro-Hungary rule and wished to set them free. Hence, on June the 4th, 114, a young Serbian nationalist assassinated the heir to the Austrian-Hungarian throne Archduke Franz Ferdinand. By doing so, this young nationalist has lit the fuse to set the whole of Europe at war.

As Europe enters the 0th century, the European powers began to feel more and more insecure. Both France and Russia were filled with nationalists who couldn't forget the humiliation of the previous century. France had nationalists marching about Paris demanding for vengeance of the loss of Alsace and Lorraine to Germany in 1871. Whilst the Russian nationalists urged their government to regain prestige after the loss to the Japanese in the Russo-Japanese war of 105. In Austria-Hungary, the tension was worst. With the minority groups under her reign adopting the idea of national independence and the Slavic groups growing more and more restive, Austria-Hungary found it hard to keep her monarchy together. The growing tensions both within each power and amongst the powers caused all the countries to feel insecure and vulnerable. The solution to this was the treaty systems. The great European Powers thought that alliances would ensure the safety of themselves and peace in Europe. However the opposite was achieved, the alliance system pulled each and everyone of the European powers into War.

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Nationalism, though not the sole cause of World War One, blew up the tension that existed in Europe and had influence in causing World War One. It created public support to one's nation that didn't exist before; it enabled governments to know that they can depend on their people if in the event of war. Nationalism was also a contributing factor to the drawing of the alliance systems, for not one country felt safe alone especially when the majority of countries were increasing their military powers. Finally nationalism created some extent of civil unrest amongst great powers such as Austria-Hungary, where their monarchy consisted of so many different minority groups. Essentially, nationalism was the pinprick which popped the balloon of tension that existed in Europe, it was the reason which a fiery young man by the name of Princip assassinated the heir to the Austrian throne. In doing so, setting the whole of Europe at war.

Please note that this sample paper on To what extent can it be argued that WW1 was caused by nationalism? is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on To what extent can it be argued that WW1 was caused by nationalism?, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on To what extent can it be argued that WW1 was caused by nationalism? will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Cloudstreet - the significance of the Blackfella

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In Cloudstreet, the mysterious figure of the Blackfella appears at key points, mostly to Quick. In each occurrence he appears to represent a different meaning or purpose, but there is an overall symbolic representation, and that is of spirituality.

Although he appears to be in physical presence, as in where he talks to Quick, the Blackfella has an overwhelming spiritual presence. This is not represented just through aboriginal symbolism there are also many biblical references when the Blackfella appears.

On page 61 the Blackfella flees from Cloudstreet once he reaches the centre of the house. This portrays a sense of spirituality in the air due to the ancestral deaths that had occurred there.

In an imaginary scene on page 178, Fish sees a lack man flying around and over him. This image represents somewhat an impression of the spiritualistic freedom the Blackfella has.

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On page 08, Quick picks up the Blackfella who has take the role of a hitchhiker. He leads Quick back home to Cloudstreet, but Quick refuses to go back. During the drive to Cloudstreet, a biblical reference is made to the Blackfella. From his bag, he pulls out bread and a wine-like drink, much like the bible story, and this supply appears not to deplete. Quick suspects nothing at all.

By page 17, Quick begins to think about who this black man is. Quick had been pulling in hundreds of fish in an almost incomprehensible situation, where he would be catching strings of fish attached to each other. As he is rowing he sees a black figure that appears to be walking on water. As he moves closer he recognises the black figure as the familiar Blackfella. This, again, can be perceived as a biblical reference.

Page 6 has a short appearance of the Blackfella to Fish, who sees him across the street from Cloudstreet. As a truck goes by, the Blackfella disappears "in the dust as it leaves". This simply gives a supernatural feel to the Blackfella's presence.

Earlier when Quick had given the Blackfella a lift to Cloudstreet, it had appeared that the Blackfella was attempting to guide Quick home. This subtle message was later presented much stronger on page 6 where the Blackfella tells Quick straight up to "Go home … This is not your home".

Again on page 68 the Blackfella sends Quick home. When Quick turns to face him again, instead of one, there are hundreds of Blackfellas.

Page 405 has the Blackfella appear, and then enforce to Sam not to sell the house.

Every time the Blackfella appears in Cloudstreet there is a sense of spirituality in the air. It is not always of a common faith but it is spirituality all the same. Often in his presence there are biblical symbols of Christianity, such as the walking on water and bread and wine incidents, and often the symbols appear to be of aboriginal tradition, such as when he flees from the centre room of the house. A possibility is that these faiths should be considered one in the same and that the Blackfella is a messenger or campaigner for the common spirituality. Certainly he must be a Guardian-Angel figure for the Lambs, especially Quick, seeing as he persisted in his attempts to send Quick. There's now way in hell I'm going to have counseling.

No matter Tim Winton's real purpose was for the Blackfella in the story, it is certain that the Blackfella is a spiritual figure that Winton has used to present his messages on the subject.

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Everyday use

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By contrasting the family characters in Everyday Use, Alice Walker illustrates the mistake by some of placing the significance of heritage solely in material objects. Walker presents Mama and Maggie, the younger daughter, as an example that heritage in both knowledge and form passes from one generation to another through a learning and experience connection. However, by a broken connection, Dee, the older daughter, represents a misconception of heritage as material. During Dees visit to Mama and Maggie, the contrast of the characters becomes a conflict because Dee misplaces the significance of heritage in her desire for racial heritage.

Mama and Maggie symbolize the connection between generations and the heritage that passed between them. However, by helping Mama, Maggie uses the hand-made items in her life, experiences the life of her ancestors, and learns the history of both, exemplified by Maggies knowledge of the hand-made items and the people who made them--a knowledge that Dee does not possess.

Contrasting with Mama and Maggie, Dee seeks her heritage without understanding the heritage itself. Unlike Mama who is rough and man-like, and Maggie who is shy and scared, Dee is confident and also has a modern education. Dee associates the hand made items with her heritage now, but thought nothing of them in her youth as when the first house burnt down. Dees quest of her heritage is external, wishing to have these various items in order to display them in her home. Dee wants the items because she perceives each to have value.

Dees valuing of the quilt conflicts with Mamas perception of the quilts. Dee considers the quilt priceless because the quilt is hand-stitched. Mama knows there exists a connection of heritage in Maggie. Because of Maggies connection, Mama takes the quilts from Dee, and then gives them to Maggie.

After Mama gives Maggie the quilts, Dee believes heritage to be the quilt on the wall or the churn in the alcove. Dee knows the items are hand-made but not the knowledge and history behind the items. Yet, Mama does know the knowledge and

history and knows that Maggie does too. Ironically, Dee criticizes Mama for not understanding heritage when, in fact, Dee fails to really understand heritage. Dee mistakenly places heritage wholly in what she owns, not what she knows.

Please note that this sample paper on everyday use is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on everyday use, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on everyday use will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!