The Creation

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"The Creation"

"The Creation" is apart of a volume of poetry called God's Trombones written by James Weldon Johnson in 17(Napierkowski, ed. 17). In this volume, Johnson wished to create a monument or literary movement for the black race ("On The Creation…" ). The poem "The Creation" retells the Biblical story of the Creation in the form of a Negro sermon. In the poem, Johnson follows the same order and techniques used in the Bible's Book of Genesis (Napierkowski, ed. 17), but with changes and twist along the way. He uses this poem to imply that the black race is God's chosen people. In "The Creation" James Weldon Johnson employs personification, repetition, and imagery to emphasize the theme concerning God's omnipotence.

The personification of God in the poem helps emphasize the theme concerning God's omnipotence through God's actions. God's actions reveal his physical human characteristics. One example of God's actions is in the beginning when, "God stepped out of space," this focuses on the feet of God (Napierkowski, ed. 0). "As far as the eye of God could see," is another example that draws attention to "eye of God" indicating that God has eyes and can see (Napierkowski, ed. 0). One other example draws attention to the arms and hands, "The God raised his arm and he waved his hand". A last example is God making man, "Like a mammy bending over her baby, / Kneeling down in the dust/ Toiling over a lump of clay/ Till he shaped it in his own image." This indicates several body parts such as hands and knees and it also portrays God as the tenderhearted mother of mankind (Koprince, 15). These actions are all parallel to human actions and characteristics.

Through the feelings of God, personification shows God's omnipotence. God having feelings of loneliness and expressing them several times throughout the poem shows vulnerability (Goodman, 7). He also shows feelings of compassion and happiness through his smiling which lets us see the humble side of God (Goodman, 7). All these feelings expressed by God lets us into the emotions of God shared in humans.

Repetitions throughout the poem help emphasize the theme concerning God's omnipotence. The repetition of line arrangement helps give the poem structure and rhythm as well as a flowing, pulsating rise and fall of living speech (Jackson, Rubin, 15). Johnson's line arrangement is almost repeated in every line (Napierkowski, ed. ). This line arrangement first starts with a subject, usually God, then ends with a verb describing what God does, (Napierkowski, ed. ). The repetition of Johnson's line arrangement makes an almost hypnotic rhythm (Napierkowski, ed. ). An example of this repetition of line arrangement is about in the fourteenth stanza "God scooped up the clay [...]; He kneeled him down […]; the great God Almighty who lit the sun […]" this example follows John's repetition of line arrangement.

The repetition of words and phrases in the poem help emphasize the theme concerning God's omnipotence. The repetition of the words "And" or "And the" mimics the Biblical story of the creation in which the phrase "And God said" is repeated consistently throughout the passage. Another repetition of words "The God" is at the beginning of many stanzas of the poem. One of the repeated phrases throughout the poem is "That's good"; it expresses the same idea as the familiar phrase, "It is good," said by God in the Bible. Another repetition of a phrase is "Bring forth" which is a short version of "Let the earth bring forth creatures according their kind […]" said by God in the Bible. (Napierkowski, ed. 0-).

Imagery plays a major role in the poem to emphasize the theme concerning God's omnipotence. Light and dark imagery is a part of the major role. The separation of light and darkness in the poem is similar to that in the Old Testament. An example in the second stanza second line; "Darkness covered everything, Blacker than a hundred midnights. Down in a cypress swamp which involves darkness." Then light comes in, "God smiled and light broke and the darkness rolled up in one side and light stood shining on the other". More light and dark imagery appear when God flings the bright stars into the darkness of the night sky (Napierkowski, ed. 1-0).

Celestial imagery also suggests the theme concerning God's omnipotence. The poem contains sun imagery,"God rolled the light in His hands /Until He made the sun; /And He that set the sun a-blazing in the heavens". The moon and star imagery, "And the light left from making the sun /God gathered up in a shining ball /And flung against the darkness /Spangling the night with moon and stars". Sun, moon and star imagery appear later with "And the sun was on His right hand, /And the moon was on His left, /The stars were clustered about His head". All of the celestial imagery gives a visual of God and his "creation" (Napierkowski, ed. 0).

In conclusion, Johnson employed personification, repetition, and imagery to emphasize the theme concerning God's omnipotence. Johnson wrote this poem for African American audiences to relate to God more personally. Through this poem, the creation of the world is unfolded before the eyes of an astounded congregation as a Negro sermon (Wagner, 6).

Works Cited

Goodman, Brent. Essay. Poetry for Students, Detroit Gale, 17. Rpt. In Poetry for

Students, Eds., Marie Rose Napierkowski and Mary Ruby. Vol. 1, Detroit Gale,

18, 17 Vols. 17-6.

Jackson, Blyden, Louis, D. Rubin, Jr. "The Search for a Language, 1746-1," in Black

Poetry in America; Two Essays in Historical Interpretation. Louisiana State

University Press, 174. 1-6. Rpt in Poetry Criticism Vol. 4 Detroit Gale, 1,

4 Vols. 151-157.

Koprince, Susan J. "Femininity and the Harlem, Experience. A note on James Weldon

Johnson", Cha Journal, Vol. XXIX. No 1, September, 185. 5-56 Rpt in Poetry

Criticism. Vol. 4 Detroit Gale, 1. 4 Vols. 151-157

Napierkowski, Marie Rose and Mary Kay Ruby Eds. Poetry for Students, Vol. 1 Detroit

Gale, 18. 17 Vols., 17-6.

"On The Creation and God's Trombones", Modern American Poetry. 001. The

Creation 1 April 00

http//www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/g_/johnson/creation.htm.

Wagner, Jean. "James Weldon Johnson", Black Poets of the United States From Paul

Laurence Dumbar to Langston Hughes, University of Illinois Press. 17. 4-55.

Rpt in Poetry for Students, Eds. Marie Rose Napierkowski and Mary Ruby Vol. 1

Detroit Gale, 18. 17-6.

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