Reasons for Australia's involvement in the Vietnam War.

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Australia became involved in the Vietnam War due to many reasons one being the "Domino Theory". This resulted in the policy of "Forward Defence". In order to carry out the policy of "Forward Defence" Australia aligned itself with the United States the result being the treaties ANZUS and SEATO. (Hypothesis)

Australia's role in the Vietnam War went from 16 to 17. Although prior to 165 Australia had only been sending military advisors. There were many reasons that influenced Australia's involvement in the Vietnam War. One of those reasons being the policy of "Forward Defence", which resulted from the "Domino Theory". It was believed that if communism wasn't stopped it would spread throughout Asia cutting Australia's ties with Europe. Another reason Australia got involved was the treaties Australia had signed with the United States, known as SEATO and ANZUS. The sending of the troops to Vietnam, as Australia saw it, was an opportunity to gain favour with the United States.

Australia became involved in the Vietnam War as a result of the policy of Forward Defence. (1) In its strictest sense the forward defence policy means the deployment of forces across the approaches to Australia to prevent a potential enemy reaching Australia. It was a concept based on an older Australian concept, that of achieving security through alliances. The treaties with the United States easily showed this. In Vietnam this policy came into effect because of the North Vietnamese communist threat to the South Vietnam Democracy, also because of the fear that it would open the door for other nations in the region to adopt the same communist concepts. Despite the then Prime Minister Menzies's sympathy for maintaining strong links with Britain, the emphasis on "Forward Defence" from the mid- 150's to the end of the 160's coincided with the strengthening of Australia's defence relationship with the United States. (1a) Certainly Australia joined the war because it had common security interests with the United States, but Australian policy makers were also concerned by the 'Domino Theory".

The "Domino Theory" was the belief that if South Vietnam 'fell' to communism, Laos, Cambodia, Burma, The Philippines, and New Zealand would to fall until Australia would be in danger of becoming communists too. The Domino Theory was a real fear for Australia and the US, and so to combat that Australia came up with the policy of "Forward Defence". A quote by at the time, Vice-President Nixon

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"If Indochina falls, Thailand is put in an almost impossible position. The same is true of Malaya with its rubber and tin. The same is true of Indonesia. If this whole part of South East Asia goes under Communist domination or Communist influence, Japan, who trades and must trade with this area in order to exist must inevitably be oriented towards the Communist regime."

Vice-president Richard Nixon, speech, (December, 15)

The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization or more commonly known as SEATO was another reason why Australia became involved in the Vietnam War. SEATO was an alliance organised under the Southeast Asia Collective Defence Treaty by representatives of Australia, France, Great Britain, New Zealand, Pakistan, The Philippines, Thailand and the United States. SEATO was created to oppose further communist gains in Southeast Asia. This treaty was one of the main reasons why Australia got involved in the Vietnam War. It was set up to stop any chance of communism reaching Australia's shores and the other world nations who had signed the treaty. However unable to intervene in Laos or Vietnam due to its role of unanimity, the future of the organization was in doubt by 17, and SEATO was ultimately disbanded in 177.

No other challenge is more deserving of our effort and energy... Our security may be lost piece by piece, country by country. Under President Kennedy, America would be willing to pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and success of liberty.

The ANZUS Treaty defence agreement was signed in 151 by Australia, New Zealand and the United States. As a result of the reestablishment of peace between Japan and the United States in 151, Australia and New Zealand asked for a treaty making it clear that an attack on any of the three signatory countries would be considered an attack upon all. The pact became effective in 15.

"It was in Australia's interest to help the West in combating this threat"

Quoted from Australia-Asia relations during the Cold War

The ANZUS alliance with the United States was underlined by the purchase of American ships, planes, armoured personnel carriers and signals equipment. In 16 an agreement was signed for the Americans to establish a naval communications station at North West Cape in Western Australia. This was followed by agreements in 166 and 16 to establish US defence satellite ground facilities at Pine Gap and Nurrungar respectively. In hosting these bases Australia confirmed its commitment to the Western alliance.

The ANZUS treaty was, however only part of a more extensive network of alliances. After WW11 Australia, Britain, the United States, Canada and New Zealand had signed an important agreement on intelligence cooperation. The information gained by Australia has proved immensely valuable to Australian policy makers.

Australia's involvement in Vietnam had many reasons, the fear of communism spreading; the "Domino Theory", which resulted in the policy of "Forward Defence" fighting as far from Australian shores as possible and the treaties SEATO, The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization and ANZUS, which was a pact that should one of the signatories be attacked it would be considered an attack on all. All these reasons combined were the result of a fear that Australia would be isolated from it European allies should communism manage to take hold of Vietnam's neighbouring countries and spread out towards Australia's shores. As the then Vice-president Nixon said,

"If this whole part of South East Asia goes under Communist domination or Communist influence, Japan… must inevitably be oriented towards the Communist regime."

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