Marketing and product concepts

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The focus of Product concept is making the best product(quality, performance and features) possible on a continuous series of product improvements. Marketing concept focuses on the needs of their customer and then work towards building up customer value and satisfaction. Nike is an example of a company which uses these two concepts to satisfy its customers' needs, wants and demands.

The mission statement of Nike is 'To bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world.' It has been able to provide a competitive edge and to help athletes perform better.

Even with its current success, I feel that Nike has never ceased to constantly find ways to improve its products. Three main areas of research in the labs are biomechanics(study of human movement and related forces), physiology(study of the integration of the body's energy systems and responses to environmental stress) and sensory/perception(subjective evaluation of product attributes, usability and durability). Geography, gender, age and skill level must be taken into consideration in areas of research. These differentiating factors lead to the different needs and demands that have to be met. Each Nike product is created for every individual athlete, in accordance to weather conditions, activity used in and customer's needs, wants and demands.

Nike's Nike Air have created a great impact on sports. Its basic function is protection from impact. It has been shaped and tuned to meet the specific demands of contemporary athletes, which resulted in the forms of Max Air, Zoom Air and Tuned

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If you have a body, you are an athlete.

Air. In the year 001, Nike Shox was introduced and a new revolution in cushioning began. Besides shoes, Nike apparel has unified innovative designs and high-performance fabrics, to help athletes to train and compete in any conditions. Equipment by Nike such as watches, eye wear, carry gear, and even socks and underwear have been created for the needs and wants for design and functionality.

Cushioning in Nike's footwear is by far the most important aspect. Cushioning needs to reduce shock, protect from impact and ensure comfort. Nike Air is for those who are do all kinds of sports and are looking for durability in a pair of shoes. Max Air provides maximum impact protection for those who do aggressive sports. Zoom Air is lightweight, and has extremely responsive performance cushioning. Nike Shox has columns of highly resilient foam that enhances durability and spring.

Nike apparel has been able to manage moisture, add comfort and inspire performance. Nike Sphere Cool increases the body's natural cooling process, suitable for athletes in hot and humid areas. Nike Sphere Dry, Sphere Thermal, Sphere Pro and Therma-FIT provides insulation from cold and wind, made for athletes performing in cold weather activities. Clima-FIT and Storm-FIT are made with a waterproof fabric that keeps athletes in wet, cold and windy conditions dry.

'Product innovation and athletic performance are incomplete if you don't address the digital revolution' says Nike. Nike Eyewear delivers unparalleled optical clarity and integrated high-performance design features improve fit and comfort for every athlete under the sun. The athlete's need and want to measure their own performance has been taken into account by Nike's Timewear. Nike [Techlab, through advanced technology, has given athletes the training means to meet their demands. Hrm[traix heart rate monitor, the sdm[traix speed/distance monitor, the psa[play MP player, and the acg[ascent altimeter compass, are some of the products of Nike's [Techlab.

I personally feel that Nike has come a long way since its start and that it has 'hit the nail' in terms of marketing management concepts. Its products cater to literally every athlete of any age, gender or physicality.

There is enough to prove that, through the years, Nike has been focusing on the needs of their customers and working towards gaining customer value and satisfaction(marketing concept), and on making the best product possible on a continuous series of product improvements, in terms of quality, features and performance(product concept).

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Hange

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Task Change usually involves both positive and negative elements. Write an essay in response to this statement, demonstrating how your area of study focus presents its ideas about change.

The world changes through the evocation of positive and negative elements. These elements are propelled by those change the world, such as writers Melvyn Bragg and Miroslav Holub, social commentator Hugh Mackay and scientist Carl Djerassi.

Melvyn Bragg's "On Giants' Shoulders" is a transcript of his radio series of the same name which invites people of expertise to comment on the work of such prominent scientists as Michael Faraday and Sigmund Freud. Both of these men contributed to the world through the evocation of both positive and Negative elements. For example, Bragg explains in his colloquial terms, Michael Faraday furthered discovery in the field of electronics and magnetics through his discovery of a field of force of electricity and magnetics. This has positively affected the world through the inventions of fax, television and mobile phone. He also did elementary research into magneto-optics, but as Bragg explains, Faraday was excluded from his religious denomination for several years (a negative element in his life, perhaps) despite his being spurred on to study science as a result of his faith in God. So it took what was to become a negative force to encourage Faraday to research the positive elements of scientific furtherment, which have changed the world to what it is today. Sigmund Freud, states Bragg in "On Giants' Shoulders", had similar problems. In his field of neurology, he coined the term agnosia and created a greatly beneficial (hence positive) form of therapy called psychoanalysis. Unfortunately, his extreme ideas regarding the Oedipus Complex and the sexual (excessively primal) urges of infants so shocked society that it became a very negative element in his work. Michael Faraday and Sigmund Freud, written about by Melvyn Bragg in his "On Giants Shoulders" experienced both positive and negative elements in their careers which changed the world to what it is today.

Miroslav Holub's poem "The Door" explains the differences between positive and negative elements involved in the changing of the world through positive and negative elements through visual imagery. He uses the images of trees, gardens and a magic city to describe the positive, and "a dog's rummaging" to describe the negative, explaining that no matter whether a change is positive or negative it is, at least, a change ("At least there will be a draught"). And, Holub asserts, change will only occur if "the hollow wind" (persistance) is present. Using the short phrases "at least" and "even if" Holub gives the impression that even if the change is met with reluctance the positive and negative elements are necessary in the changing of the world.

Social commentator Hugh Mackay wrote an article entitled "Hang Loose Youth Keep Options Open" for the Sydney Morning Herald. In it, he explained with the aid of statistics and emotionally evocative language that the positive element in the changing world today is that the current generation of youth is accustomed and adapt well to change. The negative elements, he ascertains, are the circumstances under which we have become accustomed to it. 750,000 dependants live in non-wage earning households. One million children live in one parent households. 0% of the youths of today will face job shortages when they have completed their training. The changes which come at the above cost are that now 50% of university students (or students undertaking tertiary study) are female and 45% of the workforce are female. Mackay described these positive elements in the changing world in jubilant terms, using words such as exciting, liberating and freedom mourning their effects with the phrases "lack of stable framework" and "aching sense of alienation." There can be no doubt that Mackay holds firm in his social commentary to the statement that positive and negative elements are necessary in the changing of the world.

Carl Djerassi's article "What if the pill had never been invented?" began with the statement that "When Carl Djerassi invented the oral contraceptive he triggered a sexual revolution." This is true. He aided women in third world countries, most notably, in areas such as Burma, Bangladesh, North Africa and Algeria in his quest to aid women to gain control of their bodies. He "unlocked nurseries, kitchens and bedrooms" to allow women the chance to campaign for emancipation as never before. Unfortunately, he has also been accused of preventing abortion being legalised for several extra years, though this has been admitted to being speculative evidence circumstantial rather than concrete. Still there can be no doubt that Carl Djerassi invented his oral contraceptive for the positive elements it offered the world it was merely unfortunate that speculation as a negative element was present in order to satisfactorily change the world.

Melvyn Bragg, Hugh Mackay, Miroslav Holub and Carl Djerassi understood when composing their works that positive and negative elements are indeed necessary in this changing world.

Task Change is necessary if an individual is to grow and move forward. rite an essay in response to this statement, demonstrating how your area of study focus presents its ideas about change.

Melvyn Bragg's On Giants Shoulders was written to expand and move forward an individual's knowledge of science. Hugh Mackay's article "Hang Loose Youth Keep Options Open" explains the changes in the world amongst which young people grow up and move forward as individuals today. Miroslav Holub's poem "The Door" shows how various changes can affect an individual, prompting them to grow and move forward. Carl Djerassi's article "What if the Pill had Never Been Invented?" shows how a marginalised group such as women can grow and move forward as a result of change. The area of study entitled Changing Worlds supports the statement that change is necessary if an individual is to grow and move forward.

Melvyn Bragg's On Giants' Shoulders was written to expand and more forward an individual's knowledge of science. Within this, however, are scientists such as Michael Faraday and Sigmund Freud who through change have allowed individuals to move forward and grow. Bragg writes about Faraday that he did not aim to answer questions about the relationship between religion and science as his wish to study science was borne of his strong faith in God. This change from his contemporaries was necessary in order for his research into electrolysis and magneto-optics to progress. These pieces of elementary research gave rise to the inventions of fax, telephone, mobile phone and glasses-lens, and these inventions have in turn affected individuals, being the instruments through which they have grown and moved forward.

Though Sigmund Freud's work was of a simply theoretical nature, they have helped the growth of many individuals and helped them move forward through his practice and recording of his experiences relating to psychoanalysis. His beliefs that sexual urges excessive primal urges begin in infancy changed the way many people thought of neurology. It aided the growth and moving forward of this scientific field as well as that of the individuals which implement it. Melvyn Bragg's On Giants' Shoulders has helped the growth of contemporary individuals through an understanding of Freud's work, hence aiding them to move forward.

Miroslav Holub's poem "The Door" explains obliquely which changes are necessary for the growth and moving forward of an individual. He argues that whether a change is positive (the ability to see a tree, a garden, a wood, a magic city) or negative (a dog's rummaging) it will only occur with persistence (only the hollow wind). He argues that no matter whether the change is positive or negative it is at least a change (at least there will be a draught) and will aid an individual through the necessity of growth and change.

Hugh Mackay (social commentator) wrote an article for the Sydney Morning Herald entitled "Hang Loose Youth Keep Options Open". This article describes the changes youths are forced to face in their growing up and movement forward. It is necessary for youths to come to terms with and understand these changes before they will be able to grow and/or move forward. For example while one parent families were once frowned upon, says Mackay, now 1 million children live in one-parent households. 750000 dependants live in non-wage earning households. These figures are alarming, but youths will be forced to accept these changes from when our parents were young if we are to grow and move forward, especially if the statistic is proven true that 0% of us will be facing a job shortage when we have finished our training. Indeed, since the previous generation the number of females entering tertiary education and/or training has reached 50% of the total number, and 45% of the workforce is made up of females. Acceptance of these changes will result in the growth and movement forward of not only the individual but of the labour market as well. Change is necessary in this world around us.

"When Carl Djerassi invented his oral contraceptive he triggered a sexual revolution." The revolution is a synonym for change and the changes which came with the invention of the oral contraceptive have been necessary for the growth and movement forward of women. The "unlocking of nurseries, kitchens and bedrooms meant that women were gaining emancipation they had fought for for so many years. It has aided women in third world countries to gain control of their bodies and fight against the growing rate of back-room abortions. These changes were necessary if women as individuals were to grow and move forward.

Melvyn Bragg, Miroslav Holub, Hugh Mackay and Carl Djerassi hold in common a purpose. Whether it is a discussion of Faraday and Freud or the invention of the oral contraceptive, they all argue that in order for the individual to move forward and grow, change in this world is necessary.

Please note that this sample paper on Hange is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Hange, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Hange will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Neighbors

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on neighbors. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality neighbors paper right on time.

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Mary Jenkins

Black History

"Nat Turner, Sword of God"

Of all slave revolts, Nat Turner was without a doubt the best known. In August 181, Turner and about seventy other black slaves began their long-planned insurrection. The charismatic slave believed the voice of God had instructed him to commence a death march across Virginia and the South to free four million black slaves. If necessary, he felt his band was justified in killing every white person who crossed his path.

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Nat Turner began the killing with his own master, and then proceeded from farm to farm. Within a few days, he and his co-conspirators had raided several plantations and butchered no less than fifty-five whites. The word of Turner's revolt immediately spread across the nation, throwing the white population into a panic. Many whites packed their families into buggies and fled Virginia and neighboring states. Haiti's successful slave revolt, which by this time was well known, made Turner's uprising white America's worst

Jenkins

nightmare. To, slave owners Turner represented an out-of-control, avenging black bogeyman.

The federal government placed the United States Marines on alert. For two full months, thousands of state reserves and militia members scoured the state for Turner's small but mighty gang of revolutionary slaves. Furious that slaves had the nerve to actually take arms against them, white vigilante mobs roamed the countryside assaulting and slaughtering free or bonded

Jenkins

blacks. In some cases, entire black families, women, and children included, were massacred. Business and property owners conducted economic reprisals by refusing to employ free blacks or rent them homes or farm lands

Since whites controlled private property, indeed, the entire actions had serious repercussions on the black population.

Turner's small army was eventually located, surrounded, and defeated. Turner and his men attempted counter-attacks, but were vastly outnumbered. After going onto hiding and eluding capture, he was finally discovered in a cave, arrested without resistance, tried, and hanged.

Jenkins 4

Nat Turner had responded to the prolonged suffering of his people. At his trial, the black warrior looked at the sea of hostile white faces. "I do not feel

any guilt for what I have done," he declared. " Let God judge my acts." His earthly judges found him guilty of seeking freedom. He was hanged and

decapitated.

Jenkins 5

Works Cited

1. Stewart, Jeffery C. "1001 Things Everyone should know about African American History" (New York Doubleday), 16, p.7-8.

.www.yahoo.com

.www.powernomics.com

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Cinderella

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Cinderella

Once upon a time in a broken down trailer park in the middle of West Virginia lived an outspoken and very talented boy by the name of Steve. Steve lived with his mother, Ellen, step-dad, Mark, and his evil step-brother, Butch. Both of his parents were alcoholics and his step-brother treated Steve like dirt because he was younger. Steve cleaned up his room, cooked his food , and even cleaned his shoes for him. Steve's mother never seemed to care very much for him. The only thing that both parents cared about was their booze and nothing else. Every time that Mark got drunk, he always seemed to find something wrong with what Steve was doing and beat him into the ground. It seemed like every day Steve had a different bruise and things were just getting worse.

When the beatings kept getting worse, Steve recognized that he needed to get away from the house as long as he could but still get back by curfew or he would really be in trouble. Everyday after getting home from school, Steve went to the local playground to play basketball with all the other kids from the trailer park so he wouldn't have to deal with the stuff that went on at home. Practicing everyday made Steve better and better and he would stay out there all day and night until he had to be home at 100, which was his curfew. By the time that Steve would get home, Ellen an Mark would already be passed out from a whole night of drinking so times were getting better.

One day, Steve was walking home from school and he saw a sign posted up on a telephone pole that said that the playground was hosting a five on five basketball tournament and every college coach was invited to scout the prospects. Thinking that this could be his way out and that he has always wanted to play college ball, he immediately went to his trailer and called up four of the best people be could think of to be on his team. Steve got the team together and they practiced all day until dark. Steve even stayed after to shoot baskets. This was Steve's chance to do something with his life because there sure wasn't anything for him in the trailer park. The only problem he had was that his shoes were worn out and they had holes all over them. They hardly had any soles and it was definitely time to get new ones, but he had no money and his parents surely weren't going to pay for them. He had to find some way to get shoes before the first game in a couple of days. After a long day of practicing, Steve was, like always, shooting by himself and a man by the name of Michael Jordan came up and started shooting with him. He was in town for the tournament and was looking for somewhere to shoot a little bit. Steve and him got to talking and Michael thought that he actually had some talent and that he could make it at the next level. Steve was pumped up and couldn't wait until tomorrow when the tournament started. As soon as Steve is getting ready to leave, Michael notices how bad his sneakers are torn up and decides to give him his. Except these were no normal shoes, these were Michael Jordan's own shoes. Right before Michael left, he said that they are guaranteed to make you run faster, jump higher, and make you hit every shot you put up. With these shoes Steve's team had to win.

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The next day sure enough Steve's team was in the championship game. They had already played four games that day and it was getting late. The last game was scheduled to begin at 100 but Steve knew that he couldn't be late for his curfew. They played the game and Steve was making every shot that he put up and even had a couple slam dunks. Steve's team was winning by twenty points when the final buzzer went off. They had won the championship and the coach of the University of Kentucky was waiting to talk to him about possibly coming there next year. Knowing that it was getting late, Steve sprinted home right after the game the get in by his curfew and never got to talk to the coach.

The next morning Steve woke up to the doorbell and it was the coach standing at the door with papers in hand. The coach wanted Steve to join the team next year and guaranteed him a starting position for the number one team in the nation. Steve finally got his chance to get out of the trailers and he ran with it. He never would have to deal with the beatings and the horrible treatment from his step-brother ever again. He was going to be a star.

Please note that this sample paper on Cinderella is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Cinderella, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Cinderella will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Twin studies

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Twinning in human pregnancies occurs either by the separation of a single fertilised egg, or by the fertilisation of two different eggs. In the case where twins result from a single egg, they will be genetically identical or monozygous. Those arising from different eggs are dizygous. Dizygous twins therefore include twin pairs consisting of one male and one female and all dizygous twins are no more genetically similar than any other two siblings. Cases where both twins in a pair suffer from the same disease or carry the same trait are said to be 'concordant' for that trait or disease. Where a single twin is affected the pair is said to be 'discordant'.

Studies of twins are important in genetic research into a variety of both inherited and non-inherited diseases. As this aims to give an overview to the genetic contribution to a given illness, for example Diabetes or Multiple Sclerosis. There are three main approaches commonly used in different twin studies. The first, the classical method compares concordance rates in monozygous twins with those in dizygous twins. If the rate is significantly higher for monozygous twin pairs than for dizygous pairs, this suggests that genetic factors are thought to be of some importance in the presentation of the disorder. If the concordance rates were to be closer to equal environmental factors would be more likely to be the cause. However, concordance rates "cannot provide proof that a disease (or trait) has genetic determinants" (Phillips. 1). This may be particularly so in the case of a disease such as Diabetes where environmental factors are thought to play a major role in presentation of disease. In a study using this particular method, it may be necessary to determine the zygosity of like-sexed twins by DNA fingerprinting. This presents results with a 1% error margin and provides the study correct zygosity of all twins included. (Hawkes. 17)

The second method looks at monozygous, discordant twin pairs. In this study a healthy twin acts as a control for the disease in the other twin. This has been used in investigation of Parkinson's Disease where there was thought to be a possible connection between smoking and the prevention of expression of this particularly debilitating disease. (Hawkes. 17)

The other method used is a biometrical method. If samples are large enough, this type of study may be able to indicate an underlying liability to a disease. This method is able to look at possible risk factors, metabolites, behaviour, physical or psychological characteristics in participants.

When searching for twin pairs to take part in such a study, there are several methods available. A population-based survey has the least bias because it is achieved by accessing a national twin register and cross linking to a national disease register. This results in the largest possible number of pairs taking part in the study. A study where participants are recruited by a voluntary program may incur more bias due to the fact that such studies are generally advertised through twin or disease related clubs. In some instances, individual studies may be of some benefit, though generally only in cases where a pair of twins are raised apart. Although cases where this occurs are rare, one particular study revealed that in 5 pairs of monozygous twins that were raised apart are concordant for migraine susceptibility. (Hawkes. 17)

Further sampling problems include the ratio of monozygous to dizygous twin pairs in a study. If this is uneven, it is possible that a bias may form, which in turn will affect the interpretation of the results. Defining discordance also presents a problem, for instance in the case of a late onset disease. Where one twin may present with a disease and the other is initially thought to be unaffected but the 'unaffected' twin goes on to develop the disease later in life. In more recent studies, medical testing can be used to determine the presence of a disorder in an 'unaffected' twin. For example, MRI scanning for Multiple Sclerosis or PET scanning in Parkinson's disease sufferers. (Hawkes. 17)

There have been several studies into the occurrence of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in individuals who are a member of a twin pair. These include both volunteer and population based samples, making them good for comparison of the two methods. In the volunteer-based studies, participants were obtained through response to advertisements placed in bulletins to MS sufferers. The ratio of monozygous to dizygous twin pairs in one of the studies is approximately 11 and only like-sexed pairs were used. This is ideal because the bias is removed by the use of a sample that is close to what is found in the 'normal' population. In the others opposing-sex pairs were also used and the ratio of pairs is not as would be expected according to Weinberg equilibrium. These studies showed high concordance for both monozygous and dizygous twins. However, the bias due to incorrect ratios is acknowledged and results may not be accurate.

The populations based studies showed lower concordance rates for both types of twins than the volunteer based study, thus suggesting that the bias in the above has indeed altered the outcome of the study. One particular study into MS rates in twins in Canada reported a higher concordance rate in monozygous than dizygous pairs, 5.% compared with .%. However, this study has to be treated with reservation because although it claims to have accurately sampled all Canadian twins with MS, others suggest that it actually sampled only % of MS patients. (Hawkes. 17)

A similar British survey produced similar concordance results as the Canadian study, however this too must be treated with some trepidation. It is predicted that this study only incorporated 16% of the UK twin pairs and the male to females ratios used were unusually high at .1 (Hawkes. 17)

These different studies into MS prevalence in twins show that the results of twin study experiments can be affected by bias and the results subsequently altered by the sample used in the study and how the sample was obtained. Twin studies into MS sufferer's aims to find a link to an MS susceptibility gene, however, studies thus far do not give a clear picture of this. The following review of some studies into instances of Diabetes in twin's show slightly more promising, though also as yet inconclusive results.

Earlier, studies into Diabetes prevalence in twins were mainly volunteer-based and inconclusive. This was due to a combination of biased samples and incorrect ratios of monozygous to dizygous participants, with one study simply failing to include dizygous twins as part of the survey. More recent studies in this field have been more population based and the overall concordance rates are much lower than that of the failed volunteer-based studies. These studies included a 10-year follow up that reported an increase in concordance, further suggesting the presence of a genetic factor. A published study for Diabetes that is of satisfactory significance was performed in Denmark and the results presented higher a concordance rate in monozygous than dizygous twins. The majority of the twins in the pairs studied were evaluated for Diabetes using blood glucose tests and definite zygosity was also determined. The results conclude that there is a strong genetic element responsible for Type 1 Diabetes in Denmark. However, to further validate these results large studies in other populations would be required.

Twin studies have also been a major field of interest in psychiatry for an extended period of time. These studies have recently expanded to include studies of two or more psychiatric disorders in an individual and if there is a genetic basis for the occurrence of these disorders. The bond shared by twins, both physically and emotionally, pre and postnatally, is of great interest in twin studies. With scientists and doctors striving to find if there is a genetic element behind the way individuals turn out as adults. If there is some part of the human genetic make-up predisposes an individual towards psychiatric illness.

A study performed by Kringlen in Norwegia, investigated the rates of concordance of schizophrenia, personality disorders and instances of drug abuse. The results from this study showed that there was "no excess rate of twins for any of six major diagnostic categories" (Kenneth. 1) or, that no conclusive evidence of a genetic link was established.

Traditionally, surveys in this field have attracted affected twins by advertising through hospitals and clinics. The advantage being that the alternative, a population study, would have to screen an extremely large number of pairs before sufficient numbers were found. On the other hand, the disadvantage here is that those people found in a hospital environment are not a random sample of a total population.

Twin studies can be controversial, it is also of great interest to many people, both in and out of medical fields. It remains the belief of some that twin studies are an unreliable resource in the field of genetic research. With the main criticism being that because twins are reared often more closely than other siblings, that it is the shared environment throughout life that results in the higher ratios of concordance identified. Such people also state that too much bias exists in studies to date for any of them to be considered accurate representations. Others however, believe that there is a link between genes and disease, either physical or mental and that this will be proven by the results that they strive to achieve.

References

· Hawkes, C.H. 17. Twin studies in medicine what do they tell us? QJM. 011-1

· Phillips, D.I.W. 1. Twin studies in medical research can they tell us whether diseases are genetically determined? The Lancet. 411008-100

· Kenneth, S.K. MD. 1. Twin studies of psychiatric illness current status and future directions. Archives of General Psychiatry. 5005-15

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