A Handsome Adaptation

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To call "The Hours" a highly pedigreed movie would be an understatement. Boasting not one but three of Hollywood's most respected actresses, as well as director Stephen Daldry, fresh from the triumph of his critically acclaimed "Billy Elliot," the film also features a screenplay by playwright David Hare, and music by none other than Philip Glass. It's based on Michael Cunningham's 18 PEN/Faulkner award-winning novel of the same name, and its subject matter ranging from literary leviathan Virginia Woolf, to postwar suburban angst, to a modern-day poet dying of AIDS could not possibly be weightier. The question is does "The Hours" live up to its blue-blooded promise?


The answer, happily, is yes. Daldry and producer Scott Rudin have crafted a fine, luminous film about the search by three women, in varying circumstances and times, for meaning in a life lived on its own terms, whatever those terms may be. Though not without its flaws, "The Hours" is a pleasure to watch as it unfolds its gorgeous triptych of settings across the screen. Generally I found it inferior to Cunningham's novel, which is no surprise since I doubt his intense scrutiny of his characters' inner lives could ever be adequately conveyed through dialogue alone. Still, it is an impressive achievement, and solidly deserves its Best Drama Golden Globe.


"The Hours" is adapted from a book that was in turn inspired by another book Woolf's seminal "Mrs. Dalloway," whose original working title was also "The Hours." "'Mrs. Dalloway,'" writes Cunningham on the film's web site, "is the story of one day in the life of Clarissa Dalloway, a 5-year-old upper-class Englishwoman married to a man named Richard, who is a pleasant and unremarkable fellow with a middling job in Parliament. On the day the story takes place, Clarissa is giving a party, the kind of party aristocratic London hostesses gave frequently during the social season elaborate, expensive, and stuffy."


However, her routine preoccupations become shrouded by vague disquiet after a visit from Peter Walsh, an admirer from her youth. Peter has failed to achieve success by conventional standards, but expresses that Clarissa's life is even more trivial, leading her to wonder if her existence is meaningless. Though Clarissa's uncertainty is never fully resolved, and she goes on living more or less as before, Woolf provides her with a negative double in the figure of insane war veteran Septimus Warren Smith, whose day deteriorates as Clarissa's progresses towards the triumph of her party. His reality, populated by imaginary voices and birds singing in ancient Greek, is shadowed by an awareness of his every action's futility. At last, threatened by institutionalization, he throws himself out a window.


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Given that Woolf, too, took her own life, and that "Mrs. Dalloway" marked the start of the most productive period in her writing a period facilitated by a move to London from the nearby suburb of Richmond, despite the city's threat to her already precarious mental health it is hard not to see the opposition of Clarissa, the survivor, and Septimus, the victim of chaos, as a question Woolf posed to herself at a critical time in her life. Cunningham sees it, and, after opening "The Hours" with the scene of Woolf's 141 suicide, travels back to the fictional day in 1 in which she both begins to write "Mrs. Dalloway" and convinces her protective husband Leonard to move back to London. The second portion of "The Hours," which moves between its stories in alternating chapters, is set in 14 to tell the story of pregnant Los Angeles housewife Laura Brown, preparing with her son to celebrate her husband's birthday but beset by a growing uneasiness as she reads "Mrs. Dalloway." Its third, contemporary part updates the novel's story itself, as New Yorker Clarissa Vaughan attempts to honor her old lover Richard, a poet stricken with AIDS, by throwing him what else? a party.


Though structurally complicated, "The Hours" contains enough parallels between its characters' lives to afford what screenwriter Hare calls the "deep pleasures of recognition" in picking them out of Cunningham's radiant, swiftly flowing prose. Its fluid style is a more enjoyable read than "Mrs. Dalloway" itself, which by contrast feels sluggish and drained of vitality. Perhaps it's the emotional immediacy conferred by an American writer on his characters that makes Woolf's


seem so proper, so


depressed, so ... English. But Cunningham's brief yet focused chapters also escape the rambling to which "Mrs. Dalloway" is prone, and provides a satisfying closure that the original, caught in the tangles of its stream-of-consciousness narrative, never achieves. More skillful with his fragments than Woolf is with her whole, he both daringly updates her tale (his Clarissa is a book editor, living in a contented lesbian union) and recombines the traits of her characters in ways that surpass her design for example, by making the "mad poet" Septimus and Clarissa's ex-lover one and the same, thereby bringing his heroine into a direct conflict with meaning that is ultimately more shattering.


"The Hours" on film is inevitably less compelling than "The Hours" in print, though it does have advantages over the book in its artful appeal to the senses, most notably through Glass' score. Floating through the lush, expressive soundscapes anchored by his arrangements of crystalline piano, deep warm cello and unearthly violin is bliss on its own, and worth the price of admission. The viewer's eyes also sink gratefully into cinematographer Seamus McGarvey's luxuriously soft focus, which lends a glowing tone to the shades of blue, rust and beige that dominate in the separate stories but also fade together, emphasizing their unity.


Where the film falters somewhat is in its dialogue, specifically during the New York scenes, where the efforts at exposition are all too transparent. Hare's commitment to minimizing voice-overs is admirable, but also shortchanges some of Cunningham's best passages by turning private thoughts into public exchanges that come off sounding flat and melodramatic. One of the difficulties in translating from page to screen is that it removes our access to the characters' inner lives, necessarily consigning us to a more superficial view. Since the film has three heroines and only two hours to explore them, it treats much of their background topically, at the risk of encouraging shallow acting.


Sadly, this is the case with film veteran Meryl Streep, who gives a weak showing, often seeming not quite present in her role as Clarissa Vaughan. She responds subtly and believably in her mother-daughter interactions with Claire Danes, but something in particular is missing in her scene with Jeff Daniels, who plays Richard's ex-lover. The actors, instead of connecting, often seem to be speaking past each other, and when Streep bursts into tears, she seems less like a woman whose life is being rocked to its foundations than one having a menopausal breakdown. At best, Clarissa's existential worries come off as a kind of irritable insincerity opposite Richard (Ed Harris, looking appropriately ravaged and vacant-eyed, who does what he can to forge a truer pathos out of his stagey dialogue, without entirely succeeding).


For her part, Oscar nominee Julianne Moore offers a middling performance as homemaker Laura Brown. In a role originally earmarked for the more gamine Gwyneth Paltrow, Moore's motherly allure highlights the irony of her character a lost soul of a woman who loves her young son but has little "maternal instinct" for him or her unborn child. It is safe to say Moore does better than Paltrow would have here, but she still starts off shakily opposite John C. Reilly as Laura's husband, Dan. She does, however, improve as the film goes on, and is at her best beneath the wrinkled patina of old-age makeup that camouflages her at the movie's end.


Cosmetics create another remarkable metamorphosis in the person of Nicole Kidman. Outsizing her nose may not make Kidman look more like Virginia Woolf, but it does help her disappear into the role, for which Kidman's preparations (which included reading all of Woolf's letters and living alone in a remote cottage) pay off handsomely. Hitherto the least seriously regarded of the three actresses, the siren of "Moulin Rouge," unrecognizable in a baggy drop-waisted dress, puts Streep and Moore to shame with her incandescent portrayal of Woolf. Throughout the film, whose final moments are all hers, her eyes radiate the fierce will and intelligence of a woman determined to both live her life and pursue her art, knowing that to try to do both may cost her sanity.


Kidman's performance is a fitting tribute both to the author of "Mrs. Dalloway" and to the writer who has fictionalized her. She conveys the ultimate purpose of the book, which is to explore those rare moments of painful beauty and haunting joy that define us the rapturous energy that comes surging up through heartache, disappointment and the sordid distractions of everyday life. "We live our lives, do whatever we do, and then we sleep it's as simple and ordinary as that," reflects Cunningham's Clarissa at her tale's end. "There's just this for consolation an hour here or there when our lives seem, against all odds and expectations, to burst open and give us everything we've ever imagined, though everyone ... knows these hours will inevitably be followed by others, far darker and more difficult. Still, we cherish the city, the morning; we hope, more than anything, for more."


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Persuasive piece "whether or not breast feeding should be allowed in the work place during question time"

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Persuasive


This issue is concerning the parliament whether or not breast feeding should be allowed in the workplace during question time. This was raised by Kirstie Marshall, a new labor MP.


Ms Marshall was ejected by the sergeant-at-arms because of the parliamentary rule that does not recognize "strangers" or unelected members in the house. Kirstie had to deal with a hungry baby and she "whacked her on her breast" thinking that it was a natural mother hood procedure not knowing the impact it was going to cause.


I personally believe that breast feeding is one of life's most touching natural occurrences; it is a beautiful gift that has been a part of life for many years. Women should have the right to provide for their babies as a mother and should not be excluded from any work place of employment. I feel that this is a discriminating act for women in the work force.


People should commend the fact that mothers are able to sustain professional care as well as full filling their obligations for their child/children.


Parliament sitting hours need to become more family friendly. Can't you see how hypocritical this is, the government allocates money to breast feeding, so this whole issue is going against what the government has promoted.


Ejecting a mother from parliament, due to breast feeding is violating human rights, the human rights of babies and the human rights of mothers. I thought Australia was a progressive society. It seems to me inconceivable that a baby should not be fed when it needs to be fed. We were all babies once and we all know the feeling of being hungry and wanting food, you want it straight away just like a baby would. The baby shouldn't have to wait 10 minutes or half an hour until the mother is allowed to feed. Why should breast feeding be banned if it's a natural act of life?


A women shouldn't be made to feel she is doing something 'wrong' or 'dirty', it all comes down to our societies obsessions with women's breasts. In other societies women walk around with a baby attached to their breast and no one would even notice. The media use the female breasts to promote all forms of advertising, even to sell cars. We have all become so obsessed that women feel inadequate if they are not a certain size even to the point of requiring implants to feel acceptable.


Today there are more women in the workplace unlike back in the old days women were not meant to work, they were meant to just stay at home and cook, clean, and look after the children, and the men would earn the money to support the family. These days' men and women work many of the same jobs although women still have to deal with motherhood. There for it's hard for women to manage caring and nurturing their children as well as holding down a job. The fact that breast feeding is often not permitted or not acceptable in public places and workforce makes it doubly hard for women who are juggling motherhood and work. Especially in today's society it's not possible for only one parent to because of the financial demands of today such as house payments, car payments and bills etc.


In the parliament people want politicians who understand everyday life rather then clones who compromise their personal and family development for political promotion. Indeed a baby could be expected to be much quieter and better behaved than many politicians.


In conclusion, I believe we should all be embracing the beauty of breast feeding and the necessity to feed your baby when it is hungry. Women should not be banned from their workplace of employment for doing something natural and as old as time.


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The Divine Wind; war changes people

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In 'the divine wind', Disher shows us that war does change things; in fact everything changes in one way or another. Many things become stronger, while others become weakened.


Before the war people accepted the Japanese as second-class citizens. Hart and Mitsy were friends and nothing was said. Once war broke out though, Japanese people were treated as enemies, merely there as spies and not to be trusted. Even hart lets the atmosphere of hatred get to him by calling Mitsy a 'bitch' when he finds out they Alice was captured by the Japanese. Aborigines were never anything more than slaves to Australians 'Most European households employed at least a gardener and a house-girl'. Once war broke out many Australians believed that the aborigines would turn against them, due to the fact that Aborigines were greatly mistreated by Australians '…He'll guide the Japs through the bush in exchange for grog and tobacco…it's the black with a chip on his shoulder…"


Before the war Mitsy and Hart had a strange sort of relationship, they would fight and have their times where they would not talk 'I knew only that I had lost Mitsy's friendship', but when the war started Hart took Mitsy into his house and this is when their full relationship began 'I knew nothing about making love…' But the war changed things again, for hart became racist, bringing hate into their relationship and ending it by calling her a 'bitch'.


Before he war, Alice was in love with Carl, for he was a happy go lucky man who 'lifted up her spirits' but it was war which showed Alice the other side of Carl. He was racist, and manipulative 'A wife like that could be a liability…ill make sure she isn't…" he also ignored her beliefs.


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Hart and Jamie were friends, although Hart envied Jamie throughout most of the book, he never showed his true feelings of it. After the war, Harts envy for Jamie becomes drastic when he contemplates leaving Jamie 'I could let him drown or burn…'


War changes Harts family dramatically. Ida is killed in the war, Alice serves in the war and comes back unhealthy mentally and physically 'she wants to live where there is no hint of the tropics...' Harts father suffers a stroke due to news that Alice is classified as missing. Every bad thing that happens to Harts family is all due to the war


It is obvious that war affects everything, it just the extent that war changes things that makes it different.


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What

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GRAND FORKS Police Chief John Packett told NBC's Kevin Tibbles that police officers had two conversations with the suspect, Alfonso Rodriguez Jr., 50, and planned to have more before his Thursday afternoon bond hearing.


"We do have a dialogue that is ongoing," he said. "I think it's positive that he's continuing to talk to us."


Packett also said that law enforcement officers would search for the -year-old Sjodin on Thursday, a day after an estimated 1,700 volunteers searched fields, ditches and outbuildings in Grand Forks County in North Dakota and Polk County, Minnesota, the area where Rodriguez was arrested on Monday.


He declined to say whether the more-focused search was the result of information provided by Rodriguez, a three-time convicted rapist accused of kidnapping Sjodin from the parking lot of a Grand Forks shopping mall on Nov. .


VOLUNTEERS IN TEARS


Some volunteers were left in tears Wednesday as their search for Sjodin came up empty. But family members continued to express confidence that the University of North Dakota student will be found alive.


"I just know she's alive and we're going to get her," Sven Sjodin, Dru's older brother, said Wednesday evening, after about 1,700 volunteers searched fields, ditches and outbuildings in Grand Forks County of North Dakota and Polk County of MinnesotaRodriguez, 50, was arrested Monday in Crookston, Minn., about 0 miles from Grand Forks, where he lives with his mother. He waived extradition to North Dakota on Wednesday and was transported to Grand Forks late in the day.


Rodriguez did not speak during Wednesday's proceedings in Crookston. At the end of the hearing, an unidentified woman rushed toward the front of the courtroom and spoke in Spanish to Rodriguez. "For your mother's sake, tell us what you did with the girl!" she said.


Rodriguez wore a bulletproof vest while he was shuttled between Crookston and Grand Forks, the same area where searchers used all-terrain vehicles and walked hundreds of square miles.


Police have declined to talk about evidence in the case and the criminal complaint has not been made public.


Wednesday was the third day that volunteers had helped police and the 10th day of searching by Sven Sjodin, who planned to return home to California on Thursday to be with his wife, who is expecting the couple's second child within two weeks.


"My sister is my flesh and blood and she is one of my immediate concerns, but I also have another immediate concern," Sven Sjodin said. "I know that I have a large contingent of friends who will continue to search until they find Dru."


FAMILY OVERWHELMED BY TURNOUT


Family members said they were overwhelmed by another strong turnout of volunteers.


Mary Amundson and her daughter Katie searched about five miles of fields and ditches near Grand Forks.


"It's really hard," Amundson said, crying. "I have a daughter who's years old ... and there's a mom out there who needs her baby back."


Rodriguez had been released from prison in May, after serving a -year sentence for an attempted kidnapping and assault of a woman in Crookston in 180. Authorities said they had probable cause to believe Rodriguez was in the parking lot of the Grand Forks mall where Sjodin worked at the Victoria's Secret store the night she disappeared.


Authorities said Sjodin, who was from Pequot Lakes, Minn., may have been abducted while talking to her boyfriend, Chris Lang, on a cell phone the afternoon of Nov. . He called her roommate, saying he heard Sjodin say something like, "Oh, my God," before the phone went dead. During a second call a few hours later, there was only the sound of static and numbers being pressed, he said.


Rodriguez has a history of sexual contact and attempted kidnapping with adult women, including a guilty plea to aggravated rape in 175. He has used a weapon in at least one assault, according to the Minnesota Department of Corrections Web site.


His past offenses require that Rodriguez be registered as a predatory offender, the department said. The classification is for those people whom authorities believe are at the highest risk of committing another sex crime.


Officials said Rodriguez was considered for civil commitment in 001, near the end of his last sentence. But a psychologist decided against recommending him for the program, which could have kept him in custody indefinitely. A special board concurred.


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Religious aboriginal spirtuality

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Research Questions…


Question 1…


a) Throughout history, from the time of European settlement, we find several different misconceptions of the Aboriginal Belief system made by Europeans and Christians. Ranging from their lifestyle to their individuality, many have been sought to be incorrect. One of the misconceptions studied was that Aboriginal attachment to the land was inferior, and that the land was nothing but a source to live off. They believed that it was merely a source of food and shelter, and never once considered it to be part of Aboriginal Spirituality. The foundation of this misconception would have been due to the fact that Non-Aboriginal belief systems do not find the land as a key aspect of their spirituality, because they usually perform their sacred gatherings within a church or celebrate through icons and religious texts such as the bible. We know this is a misconception because the dreaming and ancestral stories originate from the land. Another misconception of Aboriginal belief systems is the theory of Aboriginals being one singular community spread throughout Australia. Yet, as we know there were over 500 different groups of Aboriginals that spoke over a range of 00 distinct languages. Although over time these statistics have diminished by almost 0% since the European settlement.


b) There are many various reasons why Land is central to the Aboriginal belief system. One of the key reasons being that, "Aboriginal people have a greater sense of 'belonging' to the land. This is an extension of the inclusive role of kinship groups and the connection with a person's totem and own Dreaming.". Meaning that the communication between tribes and its members rely on the land, especially throughout tribal ceremonies and celebrations, an example being a smoking ceremony. Another reason is the fact that all of Aboriginal beliefs and understandings have developed and surfaced from the Dreaming, which was created and is based purely on the land, the animals, life and its surroundings, which is probably the most vital reason. Finally the theory of how "Aboriginal people revere the land with utmost respect. One does not harm or destroy one's provider; therefore through rituals and ceremonies Aboriginal people maintain their connection with Mother Earth and hold the belief in her ability to continue provide for them, spirituality, economically, socially.". This means that they believe if they treat the land with respect, that they will receive respect from the land. It has also a significant response wit h their ancestors, and the belief that they can feel their presence and follow their footsteps as long as they don't ruin or spoil the land on which they conduct their day-to-day lives.


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Question …


The Dreaming is seen to be the most essential factor in Aboriginal spirituality. It outlines life for them and the lifestyle they live. It involves several different factors; songs, stories, rituals, dancing, paintings and symbols as well as kinship. The Dreaming is everlasting; it cycles over and over and has no ending. In reality the Dreaming is the connection between the people and the land.


Dreaming is responsible for the culture and lifestyle of Aboriginals and determines many factors of life. Including


The Aboriginal way of life both personal and communal


Their values and beliefs


Kinship systems


Customs social and cultural patterns


Languages


Their relationship with every living creature and every feature of the landscape


The Aboriginal way of life both personal and communal - Each group makes reference to their Tribes Dreaming. As well as every individual within that group has their own personal Dreaming


Their values and beliefs - It provides an essential reference point to Aboriginal life. It consists of stories and songs which have a deep and moralistic approach to life. The main objective is to offer a sense of direction for life.


Kinship Systems - Kinship is the system of relationships within tribes and its members, as well as the rights and obligations they involve. It also involves the customs and understandings of the tribe.


Social and Cultural patterns It is essential that each Tribe has a totemic icon such as an animal for which they see as sacred. It is treated wit h utmost admiration.


Languages Is a complex language, which has yet to be distinguished, due to the amount of Aboriginal languages and the difficulty with English translations.


Their relationship with every living creature and every feature of the landscape It is essential to appreciate the land and everything it offers. It is the entire environment, where everything must be treated wit respect. Aboriginals reflect a constant awareness that they are in the presence of the Dreaming whenever they travel, hunt gather food or reside.


Question …


Prior to the European colonisation, Australia was occupied by only Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. They practiced many types of spirituality and had many different forms of celebrations. Although there was no actual singular community, all Aboriginal communities practiced simular celebrations and ceremonies.


Each Aboriginal tribe had what is known as "My country" which was the surrounding area of which they populated. Within "My country" consisted; individual and communal tribal laws, totems, and rites of passage.


We have seen a significant change in Aboriginal lifestyle and celebrations ever since the invasion of the Europeans. What used to be called home has been removed. What dignity they had, had been destroyed. All due to the selfish invasion of the Europeans.


Not only have we seen a physical change within Aboriginal communities, but also a spiritual change. Throughout the Stolen Generation and the missionary attacks against the Aboriginals, we have found that many of the original 500 groupings have diminished to approximately 10%, leaving only about 50 different Aboriginal tribes, and has also shattered the 00 odd languages that once existed. Not only has it affected the short term factors but it has also destroyed thousands of years of culture and spirituality.


Aboriginals were forced into attending Christian gatherings, such as mass, and were forced to undertake Christian values. In the film "Rabbit Proof Fence" that we recently studied has many great examples of the obligations that took place in the Christian camps. As a result, we find many of the contemporary art works of Aboriginals to have Christian influence. Some even contain Christ like images, or in some instances, the symbol of the cross. Even if not referring directly to Christian spiritual influence, there are also rock paintings that show the "Stolen Generation" where the white people were taking away the black children and what would usually be surrounded in dotted paint to symbolise life, was now insignificant, almost insinuating the death of Aboriginal culture and life.


There are thousands of possible reasons for the collapse of the Aboriginal spirituality and belief systems, and many which have helped to demise Aboriginal history. The remaining few have battled and fought to retain history, yet it has all but been lost. Almost impossible to retrieve, due to European colonisation.


Question 4…


Much like the influence of Christians to Aboriginals, we find a similar influence of Aboriginals to Christians.


We as Christians have personal beliefs and understandings about life, and the way that we conduct life. Although we believe that we base our lives purely on Christianity, our lifestyle has been handed-down from generation to generation, and if we were to look back on history we would find the factors that have reflected the way we live today. Our ancestors who are responsible for our foundation have had a key influence into the way we live and do our day-to-day duties.


As we find these likely changes within our own families and communities, we can also make reference to Aboriginal influence, and how their spirituality has made an impact on Christian life and beliefs.


Although it was the Christian invasion that resulted in the Aboriginal demise, the Christians also leaned a thing or two from the Aboriginals. When the white people where told to take over the black people, and were told to teach them the Christian ways, it became obvious that they also assimilated some of the Aboriginals beliefs and lifestyles.


There are some specific factors that have been taken into and out of Christian lifestyles;


Aboriginal Kinship The relationship between groups and its members.


Integration Christians can assimilate Aboriginal teachings.


Symbolism Assimilation of celebrations and ceremonies such as Smoking ceremonies to symbolise cleansing. Improvising is a common element.


Sacramentality Making a connection with the supernatural through celebration, song, dance or ceremony.


Respect for Nature The belief that nature is sacred and living. Having greater respect for the environment, pollution and land etc…


Social Justice Being free to grow without interference. A resolution and reconciliation of previous between the black and whites.


Unity The understanding of the needs of Aboriginal icons to be present in order to have unity. E.g. Smoking ceremonies.


As we can see there are a lot of factors that contribute into White and Black relations throughout Australia.


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