SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES AND BIRTH CONTROL METHODS

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Syphilis

Etiology--Spirochete Treponema Pallidum

Type of organism--Bacteria

Specific symptoms--Characterized by a small lesion, called a chancre the secondary stage, a generalized rash appears. Painless ulcers develop in the mouth, and broad, wartlike lesions, may appear in the genital area. Headache, fever, and enlarged lymph glands are sometimes observed.

College Essays on SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES AND BIRTH CONTROL METHODS

Specific modes of transmission-- the exchange of body fluids such as sexual contact, kissing and oral sex. Infection from contaminated objects is rare because drying quickly kills the bacteria but has been known to happen. A fetus carried by a woman with syphilis may contract the disease, which is called congenital syphilis.

Effects-In most cases the effect are temporary but if left untreated can be permanent.

Medication--Benzathine Penicillin

Is STD curable—Yes

Ways to prevent the specific STD--Don't have sex, two people only having sexual relations with each other, condoms.

Specific description of who needs to be treated if one sexual partner is found to have the STD--The person found to have syphilis and anybody that had contact (see modes of transmission above) with the person.

Gonorrhea

Etiology-- Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Type of organism—Bacteria

Specific symptoms--Gonorrhea is often symptom less, and men are more likely to develop symptoms than women are. When present, symptoms include burning urination and penile or vaginal discharge.

Specific modes of transmission-- the exchange of body fluids such as sexual contact, kissing and oral sex. Infection from contaminated objects is rare because drying quickly kills the bacteria but has been known to happen. A fetus carried by a woman with syphilis may contract the disease.

Effects--In most cases the effect are temporary but if left untreated will be permanent.

Medication--Gonorrhea is treatable with several antibiotics but has become resistant to many of these drugs in the past several decades.

Is STD curable--Yes

Ways to prevent the specific STD--Don't have sex, two people only having sexual relations with each other, condoms.

Specific description of who needs to be treated if one sexual partner is found to have the STD--The person found to have Gonorrhea and anybody that has had contact (see above) with the person.

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Etiology-- Gonorrhea

Type of organism--Bacteria

Specific symptoms--PID causes the Formation of adhesions, frequently massive, between pelvic organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, bowel and pelvic sidewalls. Bowel symptoms such as abdominal cramps and constipation are frequent. Heavy periods or intermenstrual irregular bleeding

Specific modes of transmission-- the exchange of body fluids such as sexual contact, kissing and oral sex. Infection from contaminated objects is rare because drying quickly kills the bacteria but has been known to happen. A fetus carried by a woman with syphilis may contract the disease.

Effects--In most cases the effects are temporary but if left untreated can be permanent.

Medication-- High dose antibiotics

Is STD curable--Yes

Ways to prevent the specific STD--Don't have sex, two people only having sexual relations with each other, condoms.

Specific description of who needs to be treated if one sexual partner is found to have the STD--The person found to have STD and anybody that had contact (see: modes of transmission) with the person.

Chlamydia

Etiology-- Chlamydia trachomatis

Type of organism--Bacteria

Specific symptoms-- Abnormal genital discharge or pain during urination, which appear within 1 to 3 weeks after exposure. In women, Chlamydia can cause pelvic inflammatory disease and thus potential infertility, inflamed rectum, and inflammation of the lining of the eye. Half of infected women and 25 percent of infected men may have no symptoms whatsoever.

Specific modes of transmission-- the exchange of body fluids such as sexual contact, kissing and oral sex. Because there are often no symptoms for chlamydial infection, people who are infected may unknowingly pass the bacteria to their sexual partners. A fetus carried by a woman with chlamydial infection may contract the disease.

Effects--In most cases the effects are temporary but if left untreated can be permanent.

Medication-- Tetracyclin, Erthyromicin, and Azithromycin but not penicillin,

Is STD curable--Yes

Ways to prevent the specific STD--Don't have sex, two people only having sexual relations with each other, condoms and not having any exchange of body fluids.

Specific description of who needs to be treated if one sexual partner is found to have the STD--The person found to have STD and anybody that had contact (see: modes of transmission) with the person, also anybody that goes through multiple sexual partners needs to be tested on a regular bases because of the high percent of infected men and women may have no symptoms whatsoever.

Genital herpes

Etiology-- type 1 (HSV -1) and type 2 (HSV-2)

Type of organism--Virus

Specific symptoms-- Most people infected with HSV-2 are not aware of their infection. However, if signs and symptoms occur during the first episode, they can be quite pronounced. The first episode usually occurs within two weeks after the virus is transmitted, and the sores typically heal within two to four weeks. Other signs and symptoms during the primary episode may include a second crop of sores, or flu-like symptoms, including fever and swollen glands. However, most individuals with HSV-2 infection may never have sores, or they may have very mild signs that they don't even notice or that they mistake for insect bites or a rash.

Specific modes of transmission— the exchange of body fluids such as sexual contact, kissing and oral sex. HSV-1 and HSV-2 can be found and released from the sores that the viruses causes. If either you or your partner have genital herpes, it is best to abstain from sex when symptoms or signs are present, and to use latex condoms between outbreaks. A pregnant woman can pass the virus to her baby during delivery.

Effects--Permanent.

Medication-- Antiviral medications can shorten and prevent outbreaks during the period of time the person takes the medication.

Is STD curable--No

Ways to prevent the specific STD--Don't have sex, two people only having sexual relations with each other, condoms and not having any contact with sores

Specific description of who needs to be treated if one sexual partner is found to

have the STD--The person found to have STD and anybody that had contact (see: modes of transmission) with the person, also anybody that goes through multiple sexual partners needs to be tested on a regular bases because of the high percent of infected men and women may have no symptoms ( they may have symptoms but may think it is something else) whatsoever.

Genital warts

Etiology-- Condylomata acuminata

Type of organism--Virus

Specific symptoms-- Genital warts first appear as small pink or red bumps on the vulva (lips of the vagina), vagina, cervix, penis shaft, urinary opening or rectum. They are usually painless, but some people may have itching, burning or slight bleeding from these areas.

Specific modes of transmission—Contact with the warts and Sexual contact.

Effects—Temporary if treated. Permanent if treated but not treated right. There is no guarantee on how the warts will respond to the treatments.

Medication-- Tricholoroacetic Acid, Podophyllin, freezing the wart with a treatment called Cryotherapy, 5FU Cream, laser surgery, and Interferon injections are used if all other methods of treatment have failed. None of the treatments mentioned here is a guarantee.

Is STD curable--Yes and No, It depends on the treatment, how early the treatment started and how committed you are to get yourself treated. Mostly no.

Ways to prevent the specific STD--Don't have sex, two people only having sexual relations with each other and condoms

Specific description of who needs to be treated if one sexual partner is found to

have the STD--The person found to have STD and anybody that had contact (see: modes of transmission) with the person, also anybody that goes through multiple sexual partners needs to be checked remember that warts are easer to treat when they are few and small.

Crabs

Etiology-- Pthirus pubis

Type of organism-- parasitic insect.

Specific symptoms-- Itching in the genital area. Nits (lice eggs) or crawling lice may be seen.

Specific modes of transmission--Sexual contact.

Effects--Temporary

Medication-- 1% permethrin

Is STD curable--Yes

Ways to prevent the specific STD--Don't have sex with an infected person.

Specific description of who needs to be treated if one sexual partner is found to

have the STD--The person found to have STD and anybody that had contact (see: modes of transmission) with the person, also anybody that goes through multiple sexual partners needs to be checked.

HIV--

Etiology-- Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Type of organism-Virus

Specific symptoms-- The only way to determine whether you are infected is to be tested for HIV infection. You can't rely on symptoms to know whether or not you are infected with HIV. Many people who are infected with HIV don't have any symptoms at all for many years.

Specific modes of transmission-- the exchange of body fluids such as sexual contact.

Dirty syringes, such as drug users.

Effects--Permanent.

Medication--Protease inhibitors, Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Cellular Inhibitors, Entry Inhibitors (including Fusion Inhibitors) are just a few.

Is STD curable--No

Ways to prevent the specific STD--Don't have sex, two people only having sexual relations with each other, condoms. Use sterile syringes.

Specific description of who needs to be treated if one sexual partner is found to have the STD--The person found to have HIV and anybody that had contact (see modes of transmission) with the person.

Hepatitis B

Etiology--Spirochete Treponema Pallidum

Type of organism--Virus

Specific symptoms--Most will go undetected, it causes liver disease.

Specific modes of transmission—Contact with infected blood with open wombs, sexual intercourse, Blood born pathogen.

Effects-- Permanent.

Medication--adrenocorticosteroids, Interferon alpha, lamivudine (3TC)

Is STD curable--No

Ways to prevent the specific STD—There are several ways such as not coming in contact with infected blood, the use of condoms, but the surest way is to have a Vaccination

Specific description of who needs to be treated if one sexual partner is found to have the STD--The person that is infected and the other needs to be Vaccinated.

Prevent STD's Does not prevent STD's % Effective

Abstinence x 100

Tubal Ligation x 99.96

Vasectomy x 99.95

Hormonal implant x 99.95

IUD x 99

Injections/provera x 97

Cervical cap x 82

Latex condom x 96

Diaphragm x 82

Spermicide x 80

Rhythm Method x 0

Vaginal sponge x 90

Douching x 0

Oral contraceptive x 99.95

Nonoxynol-9 x 2 to 4 alone

Withdrawal x 0

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