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MAINTENANCE AND RELIABILITY MANAGEMENT IN YTL POWER SERVICES SDN BHD ( PAKA POWER STATION )

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1.0 Objectives

The research will reveal the style of YTL Power Services in maintenance and reliability management of its power station in Paka. Furthermore, the research will also covers method adopted by the management in improving productivity of the maintenance staff.

.0 Scope and Limitation

All the data involved employer and employees of YTL Power Services Sdn.Bhd who manage YTL's Paka Power Station only. The information that was given to us includes the strategic view of maintenance and reliability management in power station and methods used by YTL Power Services to increase productivity of the staff. The scope of study is mainly focus on the management approach and the impact of the approach to the organization. Beside that, we were unable to collect all the relevant data in details because of the confidential status of the documents. So, we will try to cover the issue thoroughly but efficiently in order to give a clear view of the management style that being practiced at YTL Power Service ( Paka Power Station ).

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.0 Methodology

We have conducted interview session (face to face) with the management; Maintenance Manager; Mr Mohd Mahidi, QA Engineer; Pn Suryati, and Special Task Manager; Mr Alan Munro in order to have a better view .We tried to explore the company's history, vision, mission, performance and the most important part is the way the company manage maintenance and reliability.

4.0 Literature Review

4.1 Maintenance and Reliability

The major dictionary define maintain as cause to continue (Oxford) or keep an existing state (Webster). Moubray, J (11) define maintenance is to ensure that physical assets to fulfill their intended functions. The "intended function" of any asset can be defined in a number of ways, depending on exactly where and how it is being used.

Maintenance is also responding to changing expectations. Figure 1 shows the growing expectation of maintenance since 10's. The evolution of maintenance can be traced through three generations.[1]

THIRD GENERATIONHigher plant availability and reliability.Great safety.Better product quality.No damage to the environment.Longer equipment life.Greater cost effectiveness.

SECOND GENERATIONHigher plant availability.Longer equipment life.Lower cost.

FIRST GENERATIONFit it when it broke

140 150 160 170 180 10 000

Figure 1 Growing expectation of maintenance

The modern view of maintenance is that it is all about preserving the function of physical assets. In other words, carrying out tasks that serve the central purpose of ensuring that the machines are capable of doing what the users want them to do, when they want them to do it. The possible maintenance policies can be grouped under four heading viz.[]

q Corrective wait until a failure occurs and the remedy the situation (restoring the asset to productive capability) as quickly as possible.

q Preventive believe that a regular maintenance attention will keep an otherwise troublesome failure mode at bay.

q Predictive rather than looking at a calendar and assessing what attention the equipment needs, the workers should examine the 'vital

signs' and infer what the equipment is trying to tell us. The term 'Condition Monitoring' has come to mean using a piece of technology (most often a vibration analyzer) to assess the health of the plant and equipment.

q Detective applies to the types of devices that only need to work when required and do not tell us when they are in failed state e.g. a fire alarm or smoke detector. They generally require a periodic functional to ascertain that they are still working.

Apart from detective maintenance, the central problem that companies have struggled with is how to make the choice between the other three. This has led to the increasing interest within industry in two strategies, which offer a path to long term continuous improvement rather than the promise of quick fix. These are Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). Two strategies, although having similar names, actually have very different strength.

4. Reliability Centered Maintenance

Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) was created to provide guidelines on monitoring equipment and their failures and how to schedule maintenance tasks and what frequencies to prevent unit malfunction []. It is not a mathematical

formula. Instead, it is a method by which a company can use its failure data, system design redundancies and operating experiences to develop a flexible and cohesive maintenance design. RCM is being used more frequently in the electric utility industry because it is a cost effective approach to achieve equipment reliability. With the advent of independent System Operators and sanctions for equipment downtime, utilities must re-evaluate routine maintenance practices and think in terms of increasing equipment performance.[4] According to Jack McMahon, this RCM (reliability centered maintenance) approach can avoid the repetitive maintenance mode that eats up profits.[6]

Moubray (11) devided the RCM analysis process by five parts

PART ANALYSIS CRITERIA

Part 1 The Plant Register

Part Failure Modes & Effects 1. Functions. Performance Standards. Functional Failure4. Failure Modes5. Failure Effects

Part Consequences 1. Hidden Failure. Safety & Environmental. Operational4. Non-operational

Part 4 Task 1. Scheduled Restoration. Scheduled Discard. On-condition

Part 5 Default Action 1. Failure-Finding Task. No Schedule MaintenanceRedesign

Table 1 RCM process analysis

4. Total Productive Maintenance

TPM is a manufacturing led initiative that emphasizes the importance of people, a 'can do' and 'continuous improvement' philosophy and the importance of production and maintenance staff working together. It is presented as a key part of an overall manufacturing philosophy. In essence, TPM seeks to reshape the organization to liberate its own potential.[]

The modern business world is a rapidly changing, so the last thing a company needs if it is to compete in the global marketplace is to get in its own way because of the way in which it approaches the business of looking after its income generating physical assets. So, TPM is concerns with the fundamental rethink of business processes to achieve improvements in cost, quality, speed etc. It encourages radical changes, such as

q Flatter organizational structures fewer managers, empowered teams

q Multi-skilled workforce

q Rigorous reappraisals of the way things are done often with the goal of simplification.

5.0 Findings

5.1 Company Background

YTL Power Services is a multi-disciplinary services company registered in Malaysia , specializing in the operation and maintenance of power stations. YTL

Corporation Berhad and Siemens AG of Germany up to the end of 001 jointly own the enterprise. From 00 the company ownership is 100% YTL Corporation. The company had its origins in Malaysia's newly competitive power industry, which was transformed in early 10's by privatization and the arrival of independent power producers. The company manages the entire range of operation and maintenance ( O&M) activities for YTL Power's two Malaysian power stations , which together generate about 1% of the electricity consumed in Peninsular Malaysia. YTL Power Services also provides engineering expertise to other power projects in the region. Technology transfer is built into the structure of the company and has been the guiding philosophy behind its formation and growth. YTL Power Services is a modern company operating in a high technology environment and the use of the latest equipment and techniques for maintaining and running combined cycle gas turbine power plants is integral to the company's organization. The primary objective of YTL Power Services is to operate and maintain power stations with optimum availability, efficiency and profitability in this competitive market.profitability in this competitive market.

Figure YTL Power Station in Paka

5. Performance Record.

A measure of the performance of YTL Power Services can be seen in the results from the Paka and Pasir Gudang plants over the first years of commercial service. As base-load stations they provide power around the clock, so they must achieve high reliability and availability. The time availability achieved at both stations is good by industry standards.

Table Time availability achieved at Paka Station and Pasir Gudang Station

Over seven years of operations at the power stations, YTL Power Services have comfortably met the production targets stipulated by the Power Purchase Agreement ( Figure )

Figure Target and achieved production

5. Strategic View Of Maintenance and Reliability Management practices in YTLPS

5..1 Implementation of Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM)

From our interview session, we found out that YTL Power Services ( YTLPS) has adopted and practiced a sensible framework for making choices known as reliability centered management. Luckily we managed to interview the person responsible in introducing the RCM in YTLPS; Mr Alan Munro who is currently appointed as a Special Task Manager. He oversees the implementation of RCM and responsibles of the RCM training for the employees. The RCM program was started in YTLPS about six years ago. Apart from the tight and busy schedules for the power station personnel (because the plant were in the final commissioning stages and just starting full-scale commercial operation) it was decided to give RCM a high priority so that principles could be established at an early stage and built into the station procedures. The program completed in about years time and the impact on the plant's reliabilities was outstanding. The next three years, YTLPS concentrated on revising the earlier implemented RCM so that they can determine and solve any problem occurred. From the interview session also , we were clarified by Mr.Alan Munro that the methodology of RCM analysis was to consider the function and failure modes of each item of equipment and to formulate

a maintenance strategy that us directed towards maintaining equipment only when it needs maintenance and maintaining only those items which need to be maintained. The decision diagram is shown in figure 4.

Figure 4 RCM Decision Diagram

5.. Introduction of Condition Monitoring

When RCM was first time introduce in YTLPS , the personnel felt that RCM will not be successful as it does not explain how to expedite the time to monitor or check the equipment . The traditional methods might require the personnel to dismantle the equipment to seek for any problems and corrected. But if the equipment is still under a good condition and does not require maintenance at that time, it is just a waste of time putting so much effort just to ensure the equipment needed maintenance or not. This traditional method definitely not a cost effective as it require a large amount of time to be spent for each equipment to fulfill the RCM requirement. The difficulty to determine the correct equipment that needed maintenance leads to the introduction of the three techniques to expedite and simplified the work. The RCM program was then combined hand in hand with a condition-monitoring program to reinforce the data behind the analysis. There are the three techniques being practiced by YTLPS to monitor equipment conditions

a) Vibration monitoring

Special test equipment that can display and measure the vibration signal is used. Although the equipment very costly , but the benefit of using it is enormous as the location and the condition of the equipment will be easily determine and decision can be made upon the results.

b) Thermography

This method is conducted using an infra-red camera to capture the inner image of the equipment and the condition will be known whether it requires maintenance or not , or the maintenance can still be scheduled on the next plan shut down .

Figure 5 A technician using infra red camera to see the inner image of equipment.

c) Oil monitoring and analysis

This methods required the sample of oil taken from the equipment and will be analyzed by the chemist.

5.. Total Productive Maintenance

The implementation of RCM and condition monitoring largely carried by YTLPS's own staff has led to increased the plant availability, shorter

durations shut downs and improve reliability of equipment. This successful achievement needs to be continuously maintained and retained. In order to maintain the achievement and retain the skillful and experience workers, YTLPS has adopted a few program to increase the employees' productivity and motivation. They have imposed a total productive maintenance program for the staff that include

a) Workers' Improvement Team (WIT)

The team is made up by 5 to 6 employees from various department of the company in which comes from the three places; YTLPS in Paka , YTLPS in Pasir Gudang and YTL Corporation based in Kuala Lumpur. A project will be assigned to each group and experience and competency of each group member is required to solve any problems that occurs and implement the solution. From this WIT program, workers will share their experiences, views, information and knowledge that will be used to carry out the assigned project. This method is known to be the most effective way in increasing employees' leaderships, self esteem, and the most important thing it definitely lead to the improvement in productivity as the workers become more effective and efficient in solving the similar problems occurs later on.

b) Training Program ( in house training and external training )

As a service company in a high-tech field, YTLPS recognizes the critical importance of training. All staff have received intensive training in combined cycle gas turbine technology by Siemens , technical staff assisted closely with plant commissioning to gain on-the-job training. Training also being provide on the implementation of RCM so that every staff involved will be familiar with the system. Training is a continuous process. A Training Needs Analysis programme regularly monitors and addresses employees' training needs to ensure that they will continue to be well equipped for the job. Engineers and technicians are encourage to apply for and trained for government issued Certificate of Competency , above and beyond the statutory requirements.

6.0 Evaluation and recommendations

6.1 SWOT Analysis

A. External Threat and Opportunities

q YTLPS is a company with a solid future. As Malaysian progresses, electricity supply becomes still more important for the country's development.

q YTLPS will benefit from the plans of its Malaysian parent company. YTL Corporation sees the power sector as an important growth area, and is evaluating other opportunities in the Asia region and beyond.

B.Internal Strength and Weaknesses

q The culture of maintenance for reliability and the attitude preventive better than cure in the YTLPS.

q YTLPS is a modern company operating in a high maintaining and running combined cycle gas turbine power plants is integral to the company's organization.

q In June 16, the quality system officially received the coveted ISO 00 certification from SIRIM, making YTLPS the first power station O&M company in Malaysia to achieve company wide registration.

q On 16 December 00, YTLPS was the first organization in Malaysia to have been granted the ISO 001000. The certificate issued to YTLPS bears the Malaysian Accreditation (DSM) logo, which signifies that, is not only recognized nationally but also worldwide.

q YTLPS has a very low staff turn over rate.

q YTLPS has the expertise. The YTLPS staffs coming from a variety of technical backgrounds, they had been carefully selected to build up a multi-skilled and flexible team of O&M specialists.

q The RCM team always giving full commitment by attending the meeting and aggressively participating in their projects.

q The management was successfully developed the plan and strategies of RCM program by appointed a consultant to train the staffs, properly

schedule RCM program and have been gave full commitment to ensure the implementation and the effectiveness of RCM.

q RCM is an effective method that leads to greater safety and environmental protection in maintaining plant.

q RCM leads to improve operating performance by achieving the efficiency and reliability of the plant operating.

q RCM is an effective tool to achieve the maintenance effectiveness.

q RCM provides a comprehensive, reliable and fully documented record of the maintenance requirements of all the significant assets used by the plant.

q RCM helps to improve motivation of individual that are involved the maintenance and operations work.

q RCM is a tool that should be used selectively for critical and very complicated systems and equipment. It is not a complete reliability and maintenance system.

6. Recommendations

q Above all the good performance shown by YTLPS , it is still required for the company to continuously focus on the employees. Employee's career development should be viewed as on of the factors to retain good employees as the company's valuable assets.

q Integrated system's maintenance that consist of computer-aided implementation and documentation is highly recommended. The advantage of this system is reproducibility on the basis of selected criteria and the fact that the company' s maintenance expertise is preserved.

q Increase capability of maintenance personnel. A significant upgrade in the level of maintenance personnel should take place to keep pace with new technologies and responsibilities. Successful maintenance operations should continually upgrade the skill level of crafts people through effective recruiting with higher standards and through more effective craft-training programs. Pay increases should be more directly linked to performance and demonstrated competency levels in required craft skills.

q Initiate craft skills development to enhance human capital. Successful maintenance operations should continually assess craft training needs and provide effective skills development through modern technical learning systems and competency-based development of required skills. A complete assessment of craft training needs should be accomplished to identify priority areas for skill development. Skill development should be competency based to provide demonstrated technical capabilities for each craft skill. The successful maintenance operation should develop an ongoing program for craft skill

development. Continuous maintenance education based on modern technical learning systems should be viewed as a sound investment and an important part of continuous maintenance improvement.

q Develop PRIDE-People Really Interested in Developing Excellence in maintenance. Maintenance operations in the YTLPS should experience fundamental improvements in work ethics, attitude, values, job performance, and customer service to achieve real pride in maintenance excellence. Successful maintenance operations should have leadership that instills PRIDE and creates inspiration, cooperation, and commitment throughout the organization. Tangible savings and improvements should occur as a result of continuous maintenance improvement.

q Establish effective maintenance planning and scheduling. Customer satisfaction and the utilization of available craft time should improve through more effective planning and scheduling systems. Developing better systems should be a top priority for YTLPS maintenance operation. As reductions in breakdown repairs occur through effective preventive and/or predictive maintenance, the opportunity to increase planned maintenance work should result. Maintenance and operations should work closely to schedule repairs at the most convenient time. Maintenance should become more customer-oriented and focus on achieving greater customer satisfaction by completing scheduled

repairs on time. The utilization of craft time should increase as levels of planned work increase and as the uncertainties and inefficiencies associated with breakdown repairs are reduced.

7.0 Conclusion

Maintenance is one of the areas in which there is most potential for power utilities to cut costs. It is possible to implement an optimum maintenance strategy if the condition and importance of equipment can be determined cost-effectively. In other cases, an alternative strategy must be implemented in accordance with the relevant terms of reference. Therefore YTLPS has successfully set up and implements the company's strategic view on the maintenance and reliability management. YTLPS is a company with a solid future. As Malaysia progresses, electricity supply becomes still more important for the country's development, the IPP license for the YTL Paka power station runs for 1 years, which very much requires the plant to be maintained efficiently and economically.

Bibliography

[1] Moubray, J (11).Reliability Centered Maintenance, Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd , Oxford

[] www.maintk.com/what-is-tpm.html

[] Jones, R. B. (15), Use RCM To Identify Real World Risk , Journal of Plant Maintenance vol 74 , Issue 10

[4] Schurman, D (1). Reliability Centered Maintenance vol xxi No.4 December

[5] Schurman, D (1).Reliability Centered Maintenance vol xxi No November 1

[6] Williamson, M (1). Mills Partner With Seal Manufacturers to Reduce Process Costs, Achieve ROI ,. Pulp & Paper , 0004081,Vol 7

[7] Thompkins, James, A (00). Maintenance Must Be Seen As Priority, Plant Engineering, 0008X,Vol 56, Issue 5

[8] Heizer, J (001). Operations Management. New Jersey , Prentice Hall

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Literary take on the poem "Storm Warnings"

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In the poem Storm Warnings the use of organization and choice of detail help to reveal both the literal and figurative meanings of the title.

The first stanza reveals much about an actual storm. Using the true events of a rising strom as details, the reader is first introduced to the literal storm warnings The glass...falling, winds walking overhead and gray unrest. Yet, the personification of the weather and use of words, such as unrest, adds a new element to the plot. Somehow the storm is no longer just a change in weather, but comes to stand for an uncontrollable force. The speaker uses details of his own reactions to illustrate the anticipation and nervous feeling that overwhelms him before a storm or unstoppable force. This mood of anticipation is further emphasized with the idea of air (moving) inward toward a silent core of waiting. However, sharing the figurative translation of the storm, this idea also implies all the predictable, yet unstoppable acts that inflict man and mans reactions.

With this metaphorical view the speaker comes to the main point with his statement, Weather abroad and weather in the heart alike come on regardless of prediction. This statement is placed in the center of the poem for precise reasons. The speaker builds up to this revelation, but also uses this point as the breaking time from literal description of a storm to a more personal translation of storm. The reader now becomes aware of the speakers feelings of helplessness when it comes to the so called storms. In both cases, an extreme change of weather or a conflict within the heart, can be predicted, but not (averted). Using the metaphor of the wind will rise, we can only close the shutters, reveals more about the speaker than ever before.

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COLORADO TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

MARKETING PLAN FOR THE

THE SEGWAY HUMAN TRANSPORTER (HT)

Online essay help on segway

PAUL BECKFORD

JEAN ??

SANJIT POUDYAL

HASHIM AL-GHAMDI

MGM 60

ENGLEWOOD, COLORADO

MAY, 00

CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION (PAUL) ……………………………………..

II. THE MARKET

CUSTOMERS (JEAN) ………………………………… 4

MARKET SIZE AND TRENDS (JEAN)………………. 6

COMPETITION (SANJIT) ………………...................... 8

ESTIMATED SALES (SANJIT) ………………….. …… 14

III. SALES AND MARKETING

STRATEGY (HASHIM) ………………………….......... 15

METHOD OF SALES (JEAN)………………………….. 16

ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION (HASHIM) ……… 18

IV. CONCLUSION (PAUL) ………………………………………… 1

I. INTRODUCTION

A transportation revolution is here for the Segway Human Transporter or "HT" will soon be hitting the market. City Planners around the world are (or should be) in a frenzy as they prepare for the Segway HT to hit the streets. On par with the invention of electricity, the telephone, the solid state circuit and the Internet itself, the Human Transporter will force a major paradigm shift in the way people work, travel, commute, protect and to serve. The Segway HT is not like your average motorized scooter, its ease of use, mobility and power put it into a class of its own. It fills the niche between pedestrian foot travel and Automobile speeds. For now on, Postal workers can carry greater loads and travel farther, Police and Security Guards can patrol greater areas yet be more approachable.

Two models will be manufactured and sold at market introduction; the Industrial model and the standard model. The Industrial model is intended primarily for commercial and government uses and will feature more robust features such as greater range, higher and higher speeds. In the interest of safety, the Public will have the opportunity to buy the standard version at half the price but with limited functionality.

As detailed in the following sections, we have chosen our target customers, primary markets and identified our closest competitors. Our marketing strategy will take a multi-tiered approach, part of which will be to open our own Store Front in Downtown Denver and organize promotional events at college campuses in order to attract future Denver Businessmen.

II. THE MARKET

CUSTOMERS (JEAN)

For the customers, we use the market segment cross-classification matrix to identify the customers. Our target market is a group of people who work or live around Denver Country. We also concentrate on the group of people who are 5 to 44 years old and have annual incomes over $50000. Because our products are made for customers who have special needs, so we use the concentrated marketing zeroing in on a single target strategy to focus on only one segment.

Here are some potential customers around Denver Country that we think Segway HT can give the most benefit for them.

Manufacturing, Distribution, and Corporate Campuses

Segway HT will be an invaluable tool in warehouses, distribution centers, manufacturing facilities, and large corporate. Segway HT is a greater idea for carrying light cargo or packages than expensive motorized transport, and its speed will help maintenance workers, messengers, and others get to their parts faster, minimizing downtime caused by any failure or time wasted traveling.

Law Enforcement and Emergency Workers

With Segway HT, police, fire, and rescue workers could arrive at the scene of an accident far faster than if they'd had to negotiate crowded streets in a vehicle. Segway HT allows police officers to spend less time walking, helping them conserve energy. It also makes them more approachable than they'd be from behind a close car window or atop a horse, bringing them into contact with the communities they serve.

Security Guards

For security guards, Segway HT's faster speed allows them to cover greater areas while conserving energy for when it need. Segway HT can help security guards work effectively either in the building or in the ground.

Postal and Delivery Service

Segway HT will enable couriers and postal workers to cover larger delivery routes. By relieving physical strain that comes with walking delivery routes, or with carrying heavy packages, Segway HT could reduce stress and injuries for workers. Giving workers the strength to carry longer.

Parks and Recreation Areas

Segway HT allows people from the park service an easier way without a big vehicle. Also Segwat HT can reduce the pollution that affects the enviroment in the parks. Moreover, tourists could travel more deeply inside the park on Segway HT.

Tourism, Hotel, and Amusement Parks

Segway HT can give many benefits to the hospitality and tourism industries. Segway HT could reduce time and space by transporting maintenance personal helping food workers get to bar and restaurants. Moreover, courtesy workers and hosts at amusement parks would be more visible.

Airport and Airlines

Airport workers could travel faster both inside and outside of terminals on Segway HT such as Segway HT can take pilots getting to a distant gate faster, baggage handlers could tow a trailer to and from planes. Also, all of this could be accomplished without having to rely on trucks to other vehicles.

MARKET SIZE AND TRENDS (JEAN)

For our market size, we can infer to people who live and work in Denver area, so it can be everyone who live in Denver, age more than 4, and have annual incomes over $ 50000. From the data of the population in Denver, Colorado in 000 are used for estimate market size and trend for Segway HT.

General Demographic Characteristic 000 Denver Country, Colorado

Total population in Denver country, Colorado 554,66, however we target on people who have chance to purchase Segway HT

Sex and Age

Male 80,07

Female 74,4

Age Number of Population Percent

15 to 1 ,5 5.8

0 to 4 45,54 8.

5 to 4 11,676 0.5

5 to 44 86,40 15.6

45 to 54 71,000 1.8

18 yrs & over 4,870 78.0

Male 17,604 .

Female 15,66 8.8

Median age (years) .1

Total Market Size 00,06 people (from people who age 5 to 44) as of 6%

From http//www.census.gov/prod/cen000/dp1/kh08.pdf

From our discussion, we think, we should focus on customers who live in Denver because the number of people in Denver Country is the largest city in Colorado and large enough to be profit, also easy to advertise all of them. We don't want to target people all Colorado because the big expense have to spend on advertising and distribution. Moreover, people in one area have similar behavior, values, background and characteristics. It is easier to fulfill smaller group expectation in Denver Country more than people all state or around USA.

As the data, we can see obliviously that people who age around 5-4 are the largest group and people who age 5-44 are the second group, so we deiced target on these groups as our market. Also people from these groups have trend to interest in Segway HT. They are not too young or not too old. We don't want to target on teenager because roller-blades, Skateboards and bicycles may be our competitors in teenager market target. The most important thing, we may be the only one product in this market or we don't have any competitor.

In the future, we predict to increases our sell around 7 % for next 5 years by compare from trend of population increasing in Colorado.

Colorado Population in 000 4,168,000

Colorado Population in 005 4,468,000

In next 5 years population increase 7%

From http//www.census.gov

COMPETITION (SANJIT)

In the market plan study, my case is to derive Competitor and Estimated Sales for Segway product.

Competitor of Segway

This is the age of intense competition. Marketers must carefully identify and analyze their current and potential competitors. New technologies pose serious competitive challenge. Marketing competition refers to many firm engaged in satisfying the customer needs. There are two kind of competition in marketing the product. One is Industrial competition and other is Market competition. My goal is to analyze the marketing competitors of the product 'Segway' based on Objective, Features, Price, Quality, and User's view.

Segway is the members of scooter's family. There are mainly two types of scooter found in the market. One is Manually scooter and other is Electrical scooter. The purpose of manually scooter is to play. Electric scooters are used for play and are also used for short distance travel. Segway fall into the Human Transportation categories, which is also known as light vehicle. Actually, Segway didn't have a direct competitor. I am trying to compare with other scooter because they fall in the same family. X-port SLX/707, Great White E6, XTR are the most popular electrical scooter found in the market, can be the segway's competitors. Here, I am trying to analyze Segway marketing competitor with electrical scooters.

• Objective of the Product Every product has its own objective for consumer's attraction. Segway's is mainly used for Human Transporter and other electric scooter is used for playing. Due to use for human transportation, it is more popular.

• Features Since the purpose of the Segway is different. It has more advanced features than other electrical scooter. It is also called as transportation vehicle. See appendix for tabular presentation of each scooter type.

• Price Price of a product plays the major role in the market. Even the Objective of the product is for general use, quality is excellent still the product may not sustained in the marketing competition. This is due to the pricing policies. Generally, people looks at a price before buy and tries to compare with other similar product. Segway has two kind of model (Industrial and user's) and price varies based upon the model. Price for industrial model is around 8000$ and user's model is around 000$. If we compare the price with other electric scoter, segway's price is very high. As, I have already mentioned above that this is not an actual electric scooter only the fall in the same family. Segway has multi functional use, which varies the price with other scooter. The highest price of the electric scooter is around 00$.

• Quality Quality varies the price. Logically, if the price of the product is low, consumer cannot expect high quality. Segway has series like e-series, I-series and p-series. This is not due to vary in quality but due to feature change in each series. Analyzing the quality of electric series, there is lots of variation on price. In average it starts from 00$ goes up to 00$. It cannot be that 00$ scoter's quality is as of 00$ scooter. In my view, Segway never compromise with price and quality.

• User's View I had a short conversation with my apartment's children who are playing an electric scooter. And found that they bought the scooter just to keep their children busy in summer. I also found that the children feel good when they play with electric scooter. It runs fast and enjoy in playing. It concludes that, the purpose of the electric scooter is play rather than travel.

Segway performs a feasibility study on Tampa post office. Post office announced completion of the feasibility test of the Segway Human transporter, a-self balancing, and electric powered transportation device for use of mail delivery. The Segway used on five residential delivery routes where a portion of delivery are made by the letter carrier on foot. Each delivery has approximately 500 deliveries address. The postal service evaluation of the Segway test data will include safety and ergonomics, ease of use and adaptability. Segway are testing in lots of company such as National Park Service (NPS), GE Plastic (Unit of General Electric Company (NYSEGE)), Atlanta Organization etc. The company they are testing Segway are very positive about the product and willing to use.

Student's view

In short, electric scooter and segway are basically used for human transporter. Electric scooters are more used for playing purpose and segway are testing as transportation. There are not closely competitors for segway in the market. It is a new product and use for multiple purposes. Segway are also used for cart carry. Eg. Post office personal can dump the letters and packages in the cart and use segway to pull along their way. About the pricing, even the price of a segway is higher than general electric scooter companies are willing to use segway for safety and for multi purpose transporter. I think that segway is having the monopoly market.

Segway

Manufacturer Segway LLC

Price Industrials Model 8000

User's Model 000

Top Speed 1.5 mph

Weight 65 to 80 lbs (Depending on model)

Turning Radius Zero

Climbing Capacity 0 Degree incline at full payload

Wheelbase 0 (Single Axis)

Width 5 or inches depending upon the model

Tire size/type 16 x inches or 1 x 4 inches depending upon the model, Michelin-developed tube pneumatic

Motor type Redundant, integrated dc brushless servo motor withintegral magnetic feedback device.

Braking system Regenerative

Battery type x 7V or 58V nickel metal hydride or nickel cadmium, depending on model

Distance on Battery 10 to 15 miles (7V niMH model)

Battery charge time 4 6 hours

What makes the product Unique? Self balancing capability; on-board, smart charging system; high-technology electromechanical system like solid-stage gyros and brushless dc servomotors; extensive use of redundant systems for fault-tolerance.

X-Port SLC/707

Manufacturer EV Rider, Inc

Price $ 6

Top Speed 18 mph

Weight 5 lbs

Turning Radius Within its own Wheelbase

Climbing Capacity 150 lbs @ 15 degree

Wheelbase 5.5 inches

Tire size/type 1.50 x .5 inches, pneumatic

Motor type 50 W, 4V dc rare-earth magnetic

Braking system Front V-brakes; Rear drum brake

Battery type 4V lead acid battery

Distance on Battery 10 miles

Battery charge time 4 6 hours

What makes the product Unique? Has both front and rear suspension, adjustable seat and handlebars.

Great White E6

Manufacturer RadGo

Price $ 5 ( $6 with seat)

Top Speed 5 mph

Weight 68 lbs

Turning Radius About 8 ft, through depend on speed

Climbing Capacity 10 degree incline

Wheelbase 8.5 inches

Tire size/type 10 inches pneumatic (85 psi)

Motor type 800W, 6V dc brush motor

Braking system Cable actuated

Battery type x 1V x lead acid

Distance on Battery 18.5 miles

Battery charge time 6 8 hours

What makes the product Unique? Most powerful electric scooter

XTR

Manufacturer BladeZ

Price $ 74

Top Speed 18 mph

Weight 46 lbs

Turning Radius Not available

Climbing Capacity 10-15 degree grade, depending upon weight of rider

Wheelbase 46 inches

Tire size/type 10 inches Kenda slick pneumatic

Motor type 450W, 4V dc brush motor

Braking system Disk/Caliper

Battery type x 1V nickel metal hydride

Distance on Battery 1 14 miles

Battery charge time hours

What makes the product Unique? First use of nickel metal hydride battery on an utilitarian (non-toy) scooter

ESTIMATED SALES

The product is basically designed for organization in reducing a walk. I found that the product is not useful for homely purpose. Lots of organizations are in a feasibility test of the product. If feasibility report shows a success then only the sale of the product is high. Estimated sales based upon the interest of the organization.

III. SALES AND MARKETING

STRATEGY (HASHIM)

Our strategy is divided into three stages, short term, med term and long term.

- Short term (introduction)

This is the most important stage for two reasons

1- Its totally new product and idea, so it needs a lot of conviction for its benefit and feasibility.

- This stage is the base for the two other stages, so if we fail to market this product and convince the people in this stage we will not success to reach our goals and thus the whole project will cascade.

Anyway, in this stage we are planning to introduce and market the idea of the Segway before the product, we will focus on two points, the environment and the energy. After the idea introduction we will introduce our product by focusing on price, ease of use and safety. We dont expect high sales but we expect government incorporeal support and worm welcome from people.

- Med term (circulation and publicity)

Our two main goals in this term are

1- Make customers depend on Segway in their transportation.

- Draw our product in the transportation map.

We should sell as much products as we can with a very reasonable price. We expect to gain some profit at the end of this stage.

- Long term (replacement)

Our goal in this stage is to replace our product instead of cars. We expect to invest more money in this stage to develop Segway and its research. We are planning to look for outside markets and study different cultures to suite our products in everywhere.

This is our main strategies, but of course there are smaller goals such as selling our idea to other company in another country such as Japan if we are shortage of money. Its important to take strong control of the financial sources during the work on these strategies. We know that sometimes shortage of money is the cause of frailer, not another reason.

METHOD OF SALES (JEAN)

From our market size and market target that focus on Denver Country area only. It is necessary to use appropriate method of sales. We decided to open The Segway Shop in Denver Downtown as a Bulk-Breaking Function because this Segway Shop buy large quantities of products and sell to customers in each item.

The Segway Shop performs as a Manufacturers' agent because this shop is manufacturers' representative that is totally controlled by producer. This shop is operating in geographically limited area (Denver Country only) and this shop sells products, parts, and accessories from Segway HT only. There are many benefits of Segway Shop in Denver Downtown.

-The Denver Downtown area is the center of Denver Country and many people have chances to come in downtown area.

-Many companies and government organizations that is our target market are located in Denver Downtown. We can advertise, distribute, and reach easily to our prospect customers.

-Everyday, there are many people pass around the Segway Shop. We can have many chances to meet new customers without any cost.

-Because the most our target group live near Denver Downtown, we can safe the cost for shipping products to customer that ordered them.

In the first 5 years, we have only one Segway shop. This shop is not only opened for sell but also it is opened for give services too. A mechanic team is available every business day in Segway Shop. Moreover, customers could find all parts and accessories too. We still offer the customer service for new customers and old customers to keep the good relationship for customers.

We can conclude that The Segway Shop works as an Agent of Segway company. The first function is bringing customers to meet producers easily. This shop is allow taking possession of goods but cannot take the title. This shop offers products, service, and delivery (without extra charge in Denver Country area) too. Also this shop has an expert knowledge about product and operation.

ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION (HASHIM)

Although this mission will be commission to an advertising agency; we should put together a guideline that contains the following points

- The main media will be our voice to our customers such as, TV, Radio, Theaters, The Internet, Newspapers, Magazines and other communication media.

- Present our product in the famous night shows such as tonight with Jay Leno.

- Call our target of customers by phone and invite them to come over and try our product.

- Focus our advertisement broadcasting at the high traffic time (morning and evening).

- Setup agreements with large and mid companies to bring our product to their offices and present it there to the company and its employments.

- We should sit tight with the environment-friendly emblem.

- We should focus our ads in the bus stop parking for long time.

- Promote Segway in the universities and colleges between the students and give them chance to try it on the campuses.

IV. CONCLUSION

With its far superior mobility, incredible power, versatility and stability, the Segway HT is going to change the way we do business and how we get to our respective businesses. Our target market of Medium Income earners, living in densely populated areas are, sure to be our most valuable customers. Government agencies such as police departments, military and the postal service will benefit from wider areas of coverage and the ability to move quickly on sidewalks, even amid crowds. Commercial enterprises are going to increase efficiency and cut costs by decreasing worker fatigue, increase mobility and speed.

We don't believe our closest competitors, whom are using completely different technologies in their scooters, will be much of a threat. For the most part, their products are cheap and primarily intended for recreation. Despite the fact that our product will cost considerably more than these other products, we feel that the Segway HT fills a void in human transportation, it empowers the pedestrian.

By now, you are probably wondering, "where can I buy my HT"? Well that is a good question as they are not yet for sale but you can get on a waiting list at Amazon.com or stop by our Downtown location in Denver, if you've heard our Radio and TV spots, they you'll know the way.

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HOMOSEXUAL ADOPTIONS

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The desire to become a parent and raise a child is perhaps as prevalent among lesbian and gay men as it is among heterosexuals. The reasons for wanting a child are also just as complex. Some believe that having a child ensures their immortality; others wish to gratify their parents' insistence on grandchildren; still others feel the basic human urge to parent and nurture. For many lesbian women and gay men, however, the only undesired consequence of their sexual orientation is the inability to have a child with the person they love. One solution to this problem has been adoption. However, the jurisdictions granting homosexual adoptions have been few and far between. This in part, has been due to the law's reluctance to keep pace with and face the realities of evolving social patterns in which gay and lesbians live together as life partners and subsequently choose to raise a family in the same manner as heterosexuals. These relationships are not, however, viewed by the law as constituting the "traditional" family.

This lag may stem from the feeling, by many of those in opposition to "alternative" families, that the "traditional nuclear" family forms the bedrock of society. Some people believe that the nuclear family is the only domestic relation unit or that it alone is the only uniquely situated to transmit society's most important values, while new types of loving relationships are seen as a threat to the very order of things. The problem with this objection is that it ignores the negative attributes of nuclear families and the positive characteristics of alternative families. "Close scrutiny of same-sex couples by the courts, however, would reveal that these alternative family arrangements preserve traditional family qualities, values, stability, commitment, affection and support, as well."(Bartlett, 87) When a household becomes the functional equivalent of a family, the law should not treat it any differently than the "traditional" family (88). There is still, evidence that courts and social commentators are beginning to extend token recognition to diversity, alternative lifestyles and the movement of the family away from the traditional nuclear model.

Courts currently do not recognize that the realities of a child's life do not depend upon legal rules. Their lives are more complex that than the one-mother/one-father model suggests. Variation from the one-mother/one-father prescription for parenthood is common (). Communal child rearing, surrogacy, open adoption stepfamilies, and extramarital births all destroy the myth of family homogeneity.

In the American legal system, the solution to the inconsistencies and uncertainties lays within the law. One solution consistently proposed by commentators is the need for the legislature to develop an expand legal definition of "parent."(5) It is felt that lesbian-mother and gay-father families, if not considered "nontraditional families" are ill served by rigid definitions of parenthood. "Current theories underlying the legal definition of parent, wholly deny the existence of nontraditional families"(Melton 10)

For example, the first theory is that every child should have one mother and one father, neither more nor less; the second theory is that those two persons identified as mother and father should have all the rights and responsibilities of parenthood, while non-parents should have little or none.

These statutory limitations lead to an unfair result when a same-sex couple mutually decide to raise a family together prior to the birth of any children and after a child is born by one, if they wish the other to legally adopt that child. Under this new definition of "parent," all those considered parents would be accorded the rights and responsibilities of parenthood, while none will be accorded on those who do not meet this definition (11). In addition, commentators propose that the concept of parenthood would be a status available to individuals regardless of their gender.

A recent state court decision, which accurately illustrates the weaknesses in current domestic relations law regarding the definition of "parent", is Allison D. v. Virginia M. (6). Allison and Virginia were in a committed lesbian relationship and began living together in 178. They decided to have children and function as co-parents, sharing all rights and responsibilities. Virginia was artificially inseminated by semen of an unknown donor. In 181, Virginia gave birth to a son named A.D.M to include the surnames of both women. Before, during, and after the pregnancy, the petitioner and respondent shared the household and the child support expenses. In November of 18, when the child was almost two-and-one-half years old, the parties separated. The two worked out a visitation plan and it went on for years until Virginia started to limit Alison's visits and subsequently terminated all contact between the child and Alison. Alison claimed in her petition seeking visitation rights that she stood " in loco parentis" to the child and therefore must be considered a "parent" within the meaning of Domestic Relations Law section 70 (). Relying on case law, the Supreme Court dismissed the action and refused to define "parent" in Domestic Relations Law 70 to include, someone standing "in loco parentis". In the court's opinion, "the biological parent of a child is the parent within the meaning of statute; the court declines to adopt the definition of parent as someone taking standing in loco parentis" (101). As a result, the court preserved the bonds of parenthood with Virginia, the biological mother, because they considered it critical to the child's well-being to protect the child from the traumatic and painful loss of a parent and did not find any "extraordinary" circumstances to grant visitation rights to petitioner where the child was properly in the custody of his mother (101).

In light of the dissent's view, courts or legislatures looking for guidance in developing a new definition of parenthood would best serve the interest of children by focusing on two criteria the legally unrelated adult's performance of parenting functions and the child's view of that adult as a parent.

In resolving the law's failure to recognize the reality of today's family formations and definition of "parent," commentators have further recommended that the legislature enact a "second-parent" adoption statute (Bowman and Cornish 5). Second-parent adoption is a particularly promising alternative because it allows same-sex couples to avoid the restrictions in current state adoption statutes, which provide that one cannot adopt a child unless either the natural parent waives all parental rights or the adoption stepparent is married to the legal parent (5). Specifically, enactment of a second-parent adoption order would provide a legitimate method for partners in same-sex couples to adopt each other's children without requiring the biological or adoptive parent to give up their parental rights. As such, this statutory modification would place lesbian and gay partners on equal footing with heterosexual natural or adoptive parents, by providing them with equal access to judicial system as well as equal rights to custody of and visitation with their children (55). Meanwhile, courts may believe that by granting sole parental rights to the biological parent in a lesbian-mother or gay-father family, they are discouraging the formation of these families. However, this cause-and-effect relationship does not exist. The formation of lesbian-mother families, as well as gay-father families, will continue, regardless of whether courts and legislatures recognize nonbiological mothers or fathers as equitable parents. The sole question is whether the judicial system will remain true to its stated goal of protection the "best interest of all children" by acknowledging the realities of life in gay and lesbian families and according those families' children all the rights and privileges that have been found to be in the best interest of all children. Currently, the law's unwillingness in some jurisdictions, to recognize and preserve parent-child relationships in nontraditional families sacrifices the best interests of the children in those families (61).

Furthermore, there is no evidence to suggest that the psychological health and emotional well-being of children raised in gay or lesbian households is comprised in any way. Research now existing on the psychological well-being of children raised in such families point to two conclusions (1) little difference exists in the overall mental health of children raised in homosexual households; and () the quality of parenting, not the parents sexual orientation, is the most crucial factor for a child's healthy growth and development (65). Arguably, assertions from the law or otherwise, that the emotional and psychological health of a child who is raised in a homosexual environment are adversely affected, is clearly mistaken.

In conclusion, it is cause for hopefulness that courts, legislatures, and scholars are struggling to devise new doctrines to address the needs of children in families that do not fit the one mother/one father model. The courts now realize that if children can adjust to stepfathers, adoptive fathers, live-in fathers, intermittent fathers and absent fathers, they can adjust to two fathers or two mothers. Thus, as more and more parents are revealing their sexual orientation, it is necessary to eliminate the antiquated stereotypes, fears, taboos and misconceptions that permeate custody and adoption proceeding involving gay and lesbian parents. Instead, homosexual couples must be viewed as having a relationship capable of legal recognition with concomitant legal rights and principles. Once it is recognized that these couples' family interest are essentially identical to those of heterosexual couples, denial of legal protections and rights become objectionable.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Bartlett, Katherine. Rethinking Parenthood as an Exclusive Status. Baltimore Harper, 1-15

. Melton, Rebecca. Legal Rights of Unmarried Heterosexual Couples.

Minneapolis U of Minnesota 10-11

. Bowman, Craig and Blake Cornish. A More Perfect Union. Chicago

Harmondsworth, 1

HOMOSEXUAL ADOPTIONS

SHEREE GARDNER

ENGLISH COMPOSITION 106

April 0, 001

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Bartlett, Katherine. Rethinking Parenthood as an Exclusive Status. Baltimore Harper, 1-15

. Melton, Rebecca. Legal Rights of Unmarried Heterosexual Couples.

Minneapolis U of Minnesota 10-11

. Bowman, Craig and Blake Cornish. A More Perfect Union. Chicago

Harmondsworth, 1

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Bartlett, Katherine. Rethinking Parenthood as an Exclusive Status. Baltimore Harper, 1-15

. Melton, Rebecca. Legal Rights of Unmarried Heterosexual Couples.

Minneapolis U of Minnesota 10-11

. Bowman, Craig and Blake Cornish. A More Perfect Union. Chicago

Harmondsworth, 1

Please note that this sample paper on HOMOSEXUAL ADOPTIONS is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on HOMOSEXUAL ADOPTIONS, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on HOMOSEXUAL ADOPTIONS will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Who jounced the limb? In A Seperate Peace by John Knowles

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In the novel by John Knowles, A Separate Peace, guilt plays a very important role in determining whether or not Gene purposely jounced the limb. Either argument is acceptable, but finding the proof is where the hard part starts. Gene had a motive to get Phineas, nicknamed "Finny," out of his way. However, just because this motive existed, Gene did not intentionally jounce the limb.

Gene and Finny were roommates in the boarding school called Devon. Finny was the school athlete sports came naturally to him. He was not at all a good academic student. Gene, on the other hand, was almost the opposite of Finny. His area of achievement was mostly academic, although he was not terrible at sports. Gene began feeling suspicious of Finny when he invited Gene to come to the beach instead of studying. Gene took this offer, and failed the test he was studying for. But this offer would provoke many more feelings of deceit on Gene's behalf.

When Gene was suspicious of Finny, he always thought that he had the upper hand, being that he excelled in academics, not so much in sports but he was acceptable. Finny did not feel this way. When Gene and Finny were on a branch, Finny, closer to the end, to jump off of, the limb was jounced. Gene felt since he was the only other person on the branch that his jealousy had caused him to jounce the limb. Even though he did not jounce the limb purposely, he felt like he had some responsibility in the accident.

The reason that Gene did not jounce the limb purposely is because, first of all, he was not thinking of jouncing the limb when it actually happened, he thought of it after the incident had occurred. This means that he thought that he possibly could have done it. Given the situation, everyone would think this. But since Gene had previously thought Finny was trying to get at him, he thought that in the back of his mind he wanted to get Finny out of the way, so he could be the dominant person in the school.

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Gene feels very guilty about the situation; the two friends fail to acknowledge that it was a possibility that Gene had intentionally jounced the limb. Gene did jounce the limb. He was not in a state of concentration when he did though.

John Knowles never did reveal the real reason that the limb was jounced, but I can tell you one thing, it sure makes for one heck of an English essay (plus 10 points). Gene never did jounce the limb purposely, there is your answer. The proof is astonishing, natural, human, inborn guilt played the role in making the reader think that it was possible that Gene jounced the limb purposely.

Please note that this sample paper on "Who jounced the limb?" In A Seperate Peace by John Knowles is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on "Who jounced the limb?" In A Seperate Peace by John Knowles, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on "Who jounced the limb?" In A Seperate Peace by John Knowles will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality. Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!